PGSQL_TABLE(5)

NAME
pgsql_table - Postfix PostgreSQL client configuration

SYNOPSIS
postmap -q "string" pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename
postmap -q - pgsql:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile

DESCRIPTION
The Postfix mail system uses optional tables for address rewriting or mail routing. These tables are usually in dbm or db format. Alternatively, lookup tables can be specified as PostgreSQL databases. In order to use PostgreSQL lookups, define a PostgreSQL source as a lookup table in main.cf, for example:
    alias_maps = pgsql:/etc/postfix/pgsql-aliases.cf
The file /etc/postfix/pgsql-aliases.cf has the same format as the Postfix main.cf file, and can specify the parameters described below.

LIST MEMBERSHIP
When using SQL to store lists such as $mynetworks, $mydestination, $relay_domains, $local_recipient_maps, etc., it is important to understand that the table must store each list member as a separate key. The table lookup verifies the *existence* of the key. See "Postfix lists versus tables" in the DATABASE_README document for a discussion. Do NOT create tables that return the full list of domains in $mydestination or $relay_domains etc., or IP addresses in $mynetworks. DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with an arbitrary value. With SQL databases it is not uncommon to return the key itself or a constant value.

PGSQL PARAMETERS

hosts
    The hosts that Postfix will try to connect to and query from. Besides a PostgreSQL connection URI, this setting supports the historical forms unix:/pathname for UNIX-domain sockets and inet:host:port for TCP connections, where the unix: and inet: prefixes are accepted and ignored for backwards compatibility. Examples:
        hosts = postgresql://username@example.com/databasename?sslmode=require
        hosts = postgres://user:secret@localhost
        hosts = inet:host1.some.domain inet:host2.some.domain:port
        hosts = host1.some.domain host2.some.domain:port
        hosts = unix:/file/name
    See https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html for the supported connection URI syntax. The hosts are tried in random order. The connections are automatically closed after being idle for about 1 minute, and are re-opened as necessary. See idle_interval for details. NOTE: if the hosts setting specifies a PostgreSQL connection URI, the Postfix PostgreSQL client will ignore the dbname, user, and password settings for that connection. NOTE: if the hosts setting specifies one server, this client assumes that the target is a load balancer and will reconnect immediately after a single failure, instead of failing all requests temporarily. With older versions of this client, specify the same server twice.

user

password
    The user name and password to log into the pgsql server. Example:
        user = someone
        password = some_password

    The user and password settings are ignored for hosts connections that are specified as an URI.

dbname
    The database name on the servers. Example:
        dbname = customer_database

    The dbname setting is ignored for hosts connections that are specified as an URI. The dbname setting is required with Postfix 3.10 and later, when hosts specifies any non-URI connection; it is always required with earlier Postfix versions.

encoding
    The encoding used by the database client. The default setting is:
        encoding = UTF8
    Historically, the database client was hard coded to use LATIN1 in an attempt to disable multibyte character support. This feature is available in Postfix 3.8 and later.

idle_interval (default: 60)
    The number of seconds after which an idle database connection will be closed. This feature is available in Postfix 3.9 and later.

retry_interval (default: 60)
    The number of seconds that a database connection will be skipped after an error. NOTE: if the hosts setting specifies one server, this client assumes that the target is a load balancer and will reconnect immediately after a single failure, instead of failing all requests temporarily. With older versions of this client, specify the same server twice. This feature is available in Postfix 3.9 and later.

query
    The SQL query template used to search the database, where %s is a substitute for the address Postfix is trying to resolve, e.g.
        query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'
    This parameter supports the following '%' expansions:

    %%  This is replaced by a literal '%' character. (Postfix 2.2 and later)

    %s  This is replaced by the input key. SQL quoting is used to make sure that the input key does not add unexpected metacharacters.

    %u  When the input key is an address of the form user@domain, %u is replaced by the SQL quoted local part of the address. Otherwise, %u is replaced by the entire search string. If the localpart is empty, the query is suppressed and returns no results.

    %d  When the input key is an address of the form user@domain, %d is replaced by the SQL quoted domain part of the address. Otherwise, the query is suppressed and returns no results.

    %[SUD]
        The upper-case equivalents of the above expansions behave in the query parameter identically to their lower-case counter-parts. With the result_format parameter (see below), they expand the input key rather than the result value.

        The above %S, %U and %D expansions are available with Postfix 2.2 and later

    %[1-9]
        The patterns %1, %2, ... %9 are replaced by the corresponding most significant component of the input key's domain. If the input key is user@mail.example.com, then %1 is com, %2 is example and %3 is mail. If the input key is unqualified or does not have enough domain components to satisfy all the specified patterns, the query is suppressed and returns no results.

        The above %1, ... %9 expansions are available with Postfix 2.2 and later

    The domain parameter described below limits the input keys to addresses in matching domains. When the domain parameter is non-empty, SQL queries for unqualified addresses or addresses in non-matching domains are suppressed and return no results. The precedence of this parameter has changed with Postfix 2.2, in prior releases the precedence was, from highest to lowest, select_function, query, select_field, ... With Postfix 2.2 the query parameter has highest precedence, see OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACES below. NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.

result_format (default: %s)
    Format template applied to result attributes. Most commonly used to append (or prepend) text to the result. This parameter supports the following '%' expansions:

    %%  This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

    %s  This is replaced by the value of the result attribute. When result is empty it is skipped.

    %u  When the result attribute value is an address of the form user@domain, %u is replaced by the local part of the address. When the result has an empty localpart it is skipped.

    %d  When a result attribute value is an address of the form user@domain, %d is replaced by the domain part of the attribute value. When the result is unqualified it is skipped.

    %[SUD1-9]
        The upper-case and decimal digit expansions interpolate the parts of the input key rather than the result. Their behavior is identical to that described with query, and in fact because the input key is known in advance, queries whose key does not contain all the information specified in the result template are suppressed and return no results.

    For example, using "result_format = smtp:[%s]" allows one to use a mailHost attribute as the basis of a transport(5) table. After applying the result format, multiple values are concatenated as comma separated strings. The expansion_limit and parameter explained below allows one to restrict the number of values in the result, which is especially useful for maps that must return at most one value. The default value %s specifies that each result value should be used as is. This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later. NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!

domain (default: no domain list)
    This is a list of domain names, paths to files, or "type:table" databases. When specified, only fully qualified search keys with a *non-empty* localpart and a matching domain are eligible for lookup: 'user' lookups, bare domain lookups and "@domain" lookups are not performed. This can significantly reduce the query load on the PostgreSQL server.
        domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains
    It is best not to use SQL to store the domains eligible for SQL lookups. This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later. NOTE: DO NOT define this parameter for local(8) aliases, because the input keys are always unqualified.

expansion_limit (default: 0)
    A limit on the total number of result elements returned (as a comma separated list) by a lookup against the map. A setting of zero disables the limit. Lookups fail with a temporary error if the limit is exceeded. Setting the limit to 1 ensures that lookups do not return multiple values.

OBSOLETE MAIN.CF PARAMETERS
For compatibility with other Postfix lookup tables, PostgreSQL parameters can also be defined in main.cf. In order to do that, specify as PostgreSQL source a name that doesn't begin with a slash or a dot. The PostgreSQL parameters will then be accessible as the name you've given the source in its definition, an underscore, and the name of the parameter. For example, if the map is specified as "pgsql:pgsqlname", the parameter "hosts" would be defined in main.cf as "pgsqlname_hosts". Note: with this form, the passwords for the PostgreSQL sources are written in main.cf, which is normally world-readable. Support for this form will be removed in a future Postfix version.

OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACES
This section describes query interfaces that are deprecated as of Postfix 2.2. Please migrate to the new query interface as the old interfaces are slated to be phased out.

select_function
    This parameter specifies a database function name. Example:
        select_function = my_lookup_user_alias
    This is equivalent to:
        query = SELECT my_lookup_user_alias('%s')
    This parameter overrides the legacy table-related fields (described below). With Postfix versions prior to 2.2, it also overrides the query parameter. Starting with Postfix 2.2, the query parameter has highest precedence, and the select_function parameter is deprecated.

The following parameters (with lower precedence than the select_function interface described above) can be used to build the SQL select statement as follows:
    SELECT [select_field]
    FROM [table]
    WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
          [additional_conditions]
The specifier %s is replaced with each lookup by the lookup key and is escaped so if it contains single quotes or other odd characters, it will not cause a parse error, or worse, a security problem. Starting with Postfix 2.2, this interface is obsoleted by the more general query interface described above. If higher precedence the query or select_function parameters described above are defined, the parameters described here are ignored.

select_field
    The SQL "select" parameter. Example:
        select_field = forw_addr

table
    The SQL "select .. from" table name. Example:
        table = mxaliases

where_field
    The SQL "select .. where" parameter. Example:
        where_field = alias

additional_conditions
    Additional conditions to the SQL query. Example:
        additional_conditions = AND status = 'paid'

SEE ALSO
postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
postconf(5), configuration parameters
ldap_table(5), LDAP lookup tables
mysql_table(5), MySQL lookup tables
sqlite_table(5), SQLite lookup tables

README FILES
Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
PGSQL_README, Postfix PostgreSQL client guide

LICENSE
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

HISTORY
PgSQL support was introduced with Postfix version 2.1.

AUTHOR(S)
Based on the MySQL client by:
Scott Cotton, Joshua Marcus
IC Group, Inc.
Ported to PostgreSQL by:
Aaron Sethman
Further enhanced by:
Liviu Daia
Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
P.O. BOX 1-764
RO-014700 Bucharest, ROMANIA