The NeoMutt E-Mail Client

Richard Russon

   <rich@flatcap.org>

   version 2026-01-05

   Abstract

   "Teaching an old dog new tricks"
     __________________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents

   1. Introduction

        1. NeoMutt Home Page
        2. Mailing Lists
        3. NeoMutt Online Resources
        4. Contributing to NeoMutt
        5. Typographical Conventions
        6. Copyright

   2. Getting Started

        1. Core Concepts
        2. Screens and Menus

              2.1. Index
              2.2. Pager
              2.3. File Browser
              2.4. Sidebar
              2.5. Help
              2.6. Compose Menu
              2.7. Alias Menu
              2.8. Attachment Menu

        3. Moving Around in Menus
        4. Editing Input Fields

              4.1. Introduction
              4.2. History

        5. Reading Mail

              5.1. The Message Index
              5.2. The Pager
              5.3. Threaded Mode
              5.4. Miscellaneous Functions

        6. Sending Mail

              6.1. Introduction
              6.2. Editing the Message Header
              6.3. Sending Cryptographically Signed/Encrypted Messages
              6.4. Sending Format=Flowed Messages

        7. Forwarding and Bouncing Mail
        8. Postponing Mail
        9. Logging
        10. Encryption and Signing

              10.1. OpenPGP Configuration
              10.2. S/MIME Configuration

   3. Configuration

        1. Location of Initialization Files

              1.1. Location of system config files
              1.2. Location of user config files
              1.3. Config Priority

        2. Starter NeoMuttrc
        3. Syntax of Initialization Files
        4. Address Groups
        5. Defining/Using Aliases
        6. Changing the Default Key Bindings

              6.1. Binding a Key Sequence to a Function
              6.2. Unbinding a Key Sequence
              6.3. Enter versus Return
              6.4. Warnings about Duplicated Bindings
              6.5. Terminal Keybindings

        7. Changing the current working directory
        8. Defining Aliases for Character Sets
        9. Setting Variables Based Upon Mailbox
        10. Keyboard Macros

              10.1. Creating a Key Macro
              10.2. Removing a Key Macro

        11. Using Color and Mono Video Attributes

              11.1. Color Style
              11.2. Simple Colors
              11.3. Color Lists
              11.4. Mono Color

        12. Message Header Display

              12.1. Header Display
              12.2. Selecting Headers
              12.3. Ordering Displayed Headers

        13. Alternative Addresses
        14. Mailing Lists
        15. Using Multiple Spool Mailboxes
        16. Monitoring Incoming Mail
        17. User-Defined Headers
        18. Specify Default Fcc: and/or Save Mailbox
        19. Change Settings Based Upon Message Recipients
        20. Change Settings Before Formatting a Message
        21. Choosing the Cryptographic Key of the Recipient
        22. Dynamically Changing $index_format using Patterns
        23. Adding Key Sequences to the Keyboard Buffer
        24. Executing Functions
        25. Message Scoring
        26. Spam Detection
        27. Setting and Querying Variables

              27.1. Variable Types
              27.2. Commands
              27.3. User-Defined Variables
              27.4. Type Conversions

        28. Reading Initialization Commands From Another File
        29. Removing Hooks
        30. Format Strings

              30.1. Basic usage
              30.2. Conditionals
              30.3. Filters
              30.4. Padding
              30.5. Conditional Dates
              30.6. Bytes size display

        31. Control allowed header fields in a mailto: URL

   4. Advanced Usage

        1. Character Set Handling
        2. Regular Expressions
        3. Patterns: Searching, Limiting and Tagging

              3.1. Pattern Modifier
              3.2. Simple Searches
              3.3. Nesting and Boolean Operators
              3.4. Searching by Date
              3.5. Gmail Patterns

        4. Marking Messages
        5. Using Tags
        6. Using Hooks

              6.1. Message Matching in Hooks
              6.2. Mailbox Matching in Hooks

        7. Managing the Environment
        8. External Address Queries
        9. Mailbox Formats
        10. Mailbox Shortcuts
        11. Handling Mailing Lists
        12. Display Munging
        13. New Mail Detection

              13.1. How New Mail Detection Works
              13.2. Polling For New Mail
              13.3. Monitoring New Mail
              13.4. Calculating Mailbox Message Counts

        14. Editing Threads

              14.1. Linking Threads
              14.2. Breaking Threads

        15. Delivery Status Notification (DSN) Support
        16. Start a WWW Browser on URLs
        17. Echoing Text
        18. Message Composition Flow
        19. Miscellany

   5. NeoMutt's MIME Support

        1. Using MIME in NeoMutt

              1.1. MIME Overview
              1.2. Viewing MIME Messages in the Pager
              1.3. The Attachment Menu
              1.4. The Compose Menu

        2. MIME Type Configuration with mime.types
        3. MIME Viewer Configuration with Mailcap

              3.1. The Basics of the Mailcap File
              3.2. Secure Use of Mailcap
              3.3. Advanced Mailcap Usage
              3.4. Example Mailcap Files

        4. MIME Autoview
        5. MIME Multipart/Alternative

              5.1. Reading Multipart/Alternative Emails
              5.2. Composing Multipart/Alternative Emails

        6. MIME Multipart/Multilingual

              6.1. Reading Multipart/Multilingual Emails
              6.2. Composing Multipart/Multilingual Emails

        7. MIME Multipart/Related

              7.1. Composing Multipart/Related Emails

        8. Attachment Searching and Counting
        9. MIME Lookup

   6. Optional Features

        1. General Notes

              1.1. Enabling/Disabling Features
              1.2. URL Syntax

        2. SSL/TLS Support

              2.1. STARTTLS
              2.2. Tunnel

        3. POP3 Support

              3.1. Remote POP3 mailboxes
              3.2. Fetching mail from a POP3 server

        4. IMAP Support

              4.1. The IMAP Folder Browser
              4.2. Authentication

        5. SMTP Support
        6. OAUTHBEARER and XOAUTH2 Support
        7. Managing Multiple Accounts
        8. Local Caching

              8.1. Header Caching
              8.2. Body Caching
              8.3. Cache Directories
              8.4. Maintenance

        9. Account Command Feature

              9.1. Support
              9.2. Introduction
              9.3. Usage
              9.4. Known Bugs
              9.5. Credits

        10. Attach Headers Color Feature

              10.1. Support
              10.2. Introduction
              10.3. Usage
              10.4. neomuttrc
              10.5. See Also
              10.6. Known Bugs
              10.7. Credits

        11. Command-line Crypto (-C) Feature

              11.1. Support
              11.2. Introduction
              11.3. Usage
              11.4. neomuttrc
              11.5. gitconfig
              11.6. Credits

        12. Compose Message Preview Feature

              12.1. Support
              12.2. Introduction
              12.3. Variables
              12.4. Functions
              12.5. Limitations
              12.6. Credits

        13. Compose to Sender Feature

              13.1. Support
              13.2. Introduction
              13.3. Functions
              13.4. neomuttrc
              13.5. Known Bugs
              13.6. Credits

        14. Compressed Folders Feature

              14.1. Support
              14.2. Introduction
              14.3. Commands
              14.4. neomuttrc
              14.5. See Also
              14.6. Credits

        15. Conditional Dates Feature

              15.1. Support
              15.2. Introduction
              15.3. Variables
              15.4. neomuttrc
              15.5. See Also
              15.6. Known Bugs
              15.7. Credits

        16. Encrypt-to-Self Feature

              16.1. Support
              16.2. Introduction
              16.3. Variables
              16.4. neomuttrc
              16.5. Known Bugs
              16.6. Credits

        17. Encryption information block

              17.1. Support
              17.2. Introduction
              17.3. Usage
              17.4. Credits

        18. Fmemopen Feature

              18.1. Support
              18.2. Introduction
              18.3. See Also
              18.4. Known Bugs
              18.5. Credits

        19. Forgotten Attachment Feature

              19.1. Support
              19.2. Introduction
              19.3. Variables
              19.4. neomuttrc
              19.5. See Also
              19.6. Known Bugs
              19.7. Credits

        20. Global Hooks

              20.1. Introduction
              20.2. Commands
              20.3. neomuttrc
              20.4. See Also
              20.5. Known Bugs
              20.6. Credits

        21. Header Cache Compression Feature

              21.1. Support
              21.2. Introduction
              21.3. Variables
              21.4. neomuttrc
              21.5. Known Bugs
              21.6. Credits

        22. Ifdef Feature

              22.1. Support
              22.2. Introduction
              22.3. Commands
              22.4. neomuttrc
              22.5. Known Bugs
              22.6. Credits

        23. Index Color Feature

              23.1. Support
              23.2. Introduction
              23.3. Colors
              23.4. neomuttrc
              23.5. See Also
              23.6. Known Bugs
              23.7. Credits

        24. Initials Expando Feature

              24.1. Support
              24.2. Introduction
              24.3. Variables
              24.4. neomuttrc
              24.5. See Also
              24.6. Known Bugs
              24.7. Credits

        25. Kyoto Cabinet Feature

              25.1. Support
              25.2. Introduction
              25.3. See Also
              25.4. Known Bugs
              25.5. Credits

        26. Limit Current Thread Feature

              26.1. Support
              26.2. Introduction
              26.3. Functions
              26.4. neomuttrc
              26.5. Known Bugs
              26.6. Credits

        27. LMDB Feature

              27.1. Support
              27.2. Introduction
              27.3. See Also
              27.4. Known Bugs
              27.5. Credits

        28. Multiple FCC Feature

              28.1. Support
              28.2. Introduction
              28.3. See Also
              28.4. Known Bugs
              28.5. Credits

        29. Nested If Feature

              29.1. Support
              29.2. Introduction
              29.3. Variables
              29.4. neomuttrc
              29.5. See Also
              29.6. Known Bugs
              29.7. Credits

        30. New Mail Feature

              30.1. Support
              30.2. Introduction
              30.3. Variables
              30.4. neomuttrc
              30.5. See Also
              30.6. Known Bugs
              30.7. Credits

        31. NNTP Feature

              31.1. Support
              31.2. Introduction
              31.3. Variables
              31.4. Functions
              31.5. neomuttrc
              31.6. Known Bugs
              31.7. Credits

        32. Custom backend based Tags Feature

              32.1. Support
              32.2. Introduction
              32.3. Variables
              32.4. Functions
              32.5. Commands
              32.6. Colors
              32.7. neomuttrc
              32.8. Credits

        33. Notmuch Feature

              33.1. Support
              33.2. Introduction
              33.3. Using Notmuch
              33.4. Variables
              33.5. Functions
              33.6. Colors
              33.7. neomuttrc
              33.8. See Also
              33.9. Known Bugs
              33.10. Credits

        34. Pager Read Delay Feature

              34.1. Support
              34.2. Introduction
              34.3. Functions
              34.4. Variables
              34.5. neomuttrc
              34.6. Known Bugs
              34.7. Credits

        35. Progress Bar Feature

              35.1. Support
              35.2. Introduction
              35.3. Colors
              35.4. neomuttrc
              35.5. See Also
              35.6. Known Bugs
              35.7. Credits

        36. Quasi-Delete Feature

              36.1. Support
              36.2. Introduction
              36.3. Functions
              36.4. neomuttrc
              36.5. See Also
              36.6. Known Bugs
              36.7. Credits

        37. Reply With X-Original-To Feature

              37.1. Support
              37.2. Introduction
              37.3. Variables
              37.4. neomuttrc
              37.5. Credits

        38. Sensible Browser Feature

              38.1. Support
              38.2. Introduction
              38.3. See Also
              38.4. Known Bugs
              38.5. Credits

        39. Sidebar Feature

              39.1. Support
              39.2. Introduction
              39.3. Variables
              39.4. Functions
              39.5. Commands
              39.6. Colors
              39.7. Sort
              39.8. neomuttrc
              39.9. See Also
              39.10. Known Bugs
              39.11. Credits

        40. Skip Quoted Feature

              40.1. Support
              40.2. Introduction
              40.3. Functions
              40.4. Variables
              40.5. neomuttrc
              40.6. Known Bugs
              40.7. Credits

        41. Status Color Feature

              41.1. Support
              41.2. Introduction
              41.3. Commands
              41.4. Colors
              41.5. neomuttrc
              41.6. See Also
              41.7. Known Bugs
              41.8. Credits

        42. TLS-SNI Feature

              42.1. Support
              42.2. Introduction
              42.3. Known Bugs
              42.4. Credits

        43. Trash Folder Feature

              43.1. Support
              43.2. Introduction
              43.3. Variables
              43.4. Functions
              43.5. neomuttrc
              43.6. See Also
              43.7. Known Bugs
              43.8. Credits

        44. Use Threads Feature

              44.1. Support
              44.2. Introduction
              44.3. Functions
              44.4. Variables
              44.5. Use Threads
              44.6. neomuttrc
              44.7. Known Bugs
              44.8. Credits

        45. Autocrypt

              45.1. Requirements
              45.2. First Run
              45.3. Compose Menu
              45.4. Account Management
              45.5. Alternative Key and Keyring Strategies

   7. Security Considerations

        1. Passwords
        2. Temporary Files
        3. Information Leaks

              3.1. Message-Id: headers
              3.2. mailto:-style Links

        4. External Applications

   8. Performance Tuning

        1. Reading and Writing Mailboxes
        2. Reading Messages from Remote Folders
        3. Searching and Limiting

   9. Reference

        1. Command-Line Options
        2. Configuration Commands
        3. Configuration Variables
        4. Functions

              4.1. Generic Menu
              4.2. Index Menu
              4.3. Pager Menu
              4.4. Alias Menu
              4.5. Query Menu
              4.6. Attachment Menu
              4.7. Compose Menu
              4.8. Postpone Menu
              4.9. Browser Menu
              4.10. Pgp Menu
              4.11. Smime Menu
              4.12. Editor Menu

   10. Miscellany

        1. Acknowledgements
        2. About This Document

   List of Tables

   1.1. Typographical conventions for special terms
   2.1. sidebar_format
   2.2. sidebar_format examples
   2.3. Sidebar Color Priority
   2.4. Most common navigation keys in entry-based menus
   2.5. Most common navigation keys in page-based menus
   2.6. Most common line editor keys
   2.7. Most common message index keys
   2.8. Message status flags
   2.9. Message recipient flags
   2.10. Most common pager keys
   2.11. ANSI escape sequences
   2.12. Color sequences
   2.13. Most common thread mode keys
   2.14. Special Thread Characters
   2.15. Most common mail sending keys
   2.16. Most common compose menu keys
   2.17. PGP key menu flags
   2.18. PGP key menu validity
   3.1. NeoMutt config file search order
   3.2. NeoMutt system config file locations
   3.3. NeoMutt user config file locations
   3.4. Config Priority
   3.5. Symbolic key names
   3.6. Fallback key bindings
   3.7. Simple Colours
   3.8. Simple Sidebar Colours
   3.9. Simple Compose Colours
   3.10. Quoted Email Colours
   3.11. Colour Regex Lists
   4.1. POSIX regular expression character classes
   4.2. Regular expression repetition operators
   4.3. GNU regular expression extensions
   4.4. Pattern modifiers
   4.5. Alias pattern modifiers
   4.6. Relative Message Number Ranges
   4.7. Message Number Shortcuts
   4.8. Absolute Message Number Ranges
   4.9. Simple search keywords
   4.10. Date units
   4.11. Relative date units
   4.12. Gmail Example Patterns
   4.13. Mailbox shortcuts
   5.1. Supported MIME types
   6.1. Message Preview Variables
   6.2. Message Preview Functions
   6.3. compose-to-sender Functions
   6.4. Not all Hooks are Required
   6.5. Potential Formatting Scheme
   6.6. Date Formatting Codes
   6.7. Example Date Tests
   6.8. Example 1
   6.9. Example 2
   6.10. encrypt-self Variables
   6.11. forgotten-attachment Variables
   6.12. Header Cache Compression Variables
   6.13. Header Cache Compression Methods and it's Levels
   6.14. ifdef Symbols
   6.15. Index Colors
   6.16. Limit-Current-Thread Functions
   6.17. New Mail Command Variables
   6.18. NNTP Variables
   6.19. NNTP Functions
   6.20. Custom tags Variables
   6.21. Notmuch/IMAP Functions
   6.22. Index Colors
   6.23. Notmuch Variables
   6.24. Notmuch Functions
   6.25. Progress Colors
   6.26. Quasi-Delete Functions
   6.27. Reply With X-Original-To Variables
   6.28. Sidebar Variables
   6.29. Sidebar Functions
   6.30. Sidebar Colors
   6.31. Sidebar Sort
   6.32. Skip Quoted Functions
   6.33. Skip-Quoted Variables
   6.34. Status Colors
   6.35. Trash Variables
   6.36. Trash Functions
   6.37. Use Threads
   9.1. Command line options
   9.2. Default Generic Menu Bindings
   9.3. Default Index Menu Bindings
   9.4. Default Pager Menu Bindings
   9.5. Default Alias Menu Bindings
   9.6. Default Query Menu Bindings
   9.7. Default Attachment Menu Bindings
   9.8. Default Compose Menu Bindings
   9.9. Default Postpone Menu Bindings
   9.10. Default Browser Menu Bindings
   9.11. Default Pgp Menu Bindings
   9.12. Default Smime Menu Bindings
   9.13. Default Editor Menu Bindings

   List of Examples

   3.1. Multiple configuration commands per line
   3.2. Commenting configuration files
   3.3. Escaping quotes in configuration files
   3.4. Splitting long configuration commands over several lines
   3.5. Using external command's output in configuration files
   3.6. Preventing the output of backticks from being parsed
   3.7. Using environment variables in configuration files
   3.8. Configuring external alias files
   3.9. Setting sort method based on mailbox name
   3.10. Header weeding
   3.11. Configuring header display order
   3.12. Defining custom headers
   3.13. Using %-expandos in save-hook
   3.14. Embedding push in folder-hook
   3.15. Configuring spam detection
   3.16. Using user-defined variables for config file readability
   3.17. Using user-defined variables for backing up other config option
          values

   3.18. Deferring user-defined variable expansion to runtime
   3.19. Type conversions using variables
   3.20. Using external filters in format strings
   4.1. Matching a literal dot
   4.2. Using \s and matching a literal dot in patterns
   4.3. Matching all addresses in address lists
   4.4. Matching restricted to aliases
   4.5. Matching any defined alias
   4.6. Using boolean operators in patterns
   4.7. Specifying a "default" hook
   4.8. Subject Munging
   5.1. mime.types
   5.2. Attachment counting
   6.1. URLs
   6.2. Managing multiple accounts
   6.3. Example of open-hook
   6.4. Example of close-hook
   6.5. Example of append-hook

Chapter 1. Introduction

   Table of Contents

   1. NeoMutt Home Page
   2. Mailing Lists
   3. NeoMutt Online Resources
   4. Contributing to NeoMutt
   5. Typographical Conventions
   6. Copyright

   NeoMutt is a small but very powerful text-based MIME mail client.
   NeoMutt is highly configurable, and is well suited to the mail power
   user with advanced features like key bindings, keyboard macros, mail
   threading, regular expression searches and a powerful pattern matching
   language for selecting groups of messages.

1. NeoMutt Home Page

   The homepage can be found at https://neomutt.org.

2. Mailing Lists

     * <neomutt-users@neomutt.org> - help, bug reports and feature
       requests. To subscribe to this list, please send a mail to
       <neomutt-users-request@neomutt.org> with the subject "subscribe".
     * <neomutt-devel@neomutt.org> - development mailing list. To
       subscribe to this list, please send a mail to
       <neomutt-devel-request@neomutt.org> with the subject "subscribe".

3. NeoMutt Online Resources

   Issue Tracking System
          Bugs may be reported on the devel mailing list, or on GitHub:
          https://github.com/neomutt/neomutt/issues

   IRC
          For the IRC user community, visit channel #neomutt on
          irc.libera.chat.

4. Contributing to NeoMutt

   There are various ways to contribute to the NeoMutt project.

   Especially for new users it may be helpful to meet other new and
   experienced users to chat about NeoMutt, talk about problems and share
   tricks.

   Since translations of NeoMutt into other languages are highly
   appreciated, the NeoMutt developers always look for skilled translators
   that help improve and continue to maintain stale translations.

   For contributing code patches for new features and bug fixes, please
   refer to the developer pages at https://neomutt.org/dev.html for more
   details.

5. Typographical Conventions

   This section lists typographical conventions followed throughout this
   manual. See table Table 1.1, "Typographical conventions for special
   terms" for typographical conventions for special terms.

   Table 1.1. Typographical conventions for special terms
        Item                    Refers to...
   printf(3)      UNIX manual pages, execute man 3 printf
   <PageUp>       named keys
   <create-alias> named NeoMutt function
   ^G             Control+G key combination
   $mail_check    NeoMutt configuration option
   $HOME          environment variable

   Examples are presented as:
neomutt -v

   Within command synopsis, curly brackets ("{}") denote a set of options
   of which one is mandatory, square brackets ("[]") denote optional
   arguments, three dots denote that the argument may be repeated
   arbitrary times.

6. Copyright

   NeoMutt is Copyright (c) 2015-2024 Richard Russon <rich@flatcap.org>
   and friends.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
   Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
   option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
   General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
   with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
   51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.

Chapter 2. Getting Started

   Table of Contents

   1. Core Concepts
   2. Screens and Menus

        2.1. Index
        2.2. Pager
        2.3. File Browser
        2.4. Sidebar
        2.5. Help
        2.6. Compose Menu
        2.7. Alias Menu
        2.8. Attachment Menu

   3. Moving Around in Menus
   4. Editing Input Fields

        4.1. Introduction
        4.2. History

   5. Reading Mail

        5.1. The Message Index
        5.2. The Pager
        5.3. Threaded Mode
        5.4. Miscellaneous Functions

   6. Sending Mail

        6.1. Introduction
        6.2. Editing the Message Header
        6.3. Sending Cryptographically Signed/Encrypted Messages
        6.4. Sending Format=Flowed Messages

   7. Forwarding and Bouncing Mail
   8. Postponing Mail
   9. Logging
   10. Encryption and Signing

        10.1. OpenPGP Configuration
        10.2. S/MIME Configuration

   This section is intended as a brief overview of how to use NeoMutt.
   There are many other features which are described elsewhere in the
   manual. There is even more information available in the NeoMutt FAQ and
   various web pages. See the NeoMutt homepage for more details.

   The keybindings described in this section are the defaults as
   distributed. Your local system administrator may have altered the
   defaults for your site. You can always type "?" in any menu to display
   the current bindings.

   The first thing you need to do is invoke NeoMutt, simply by typing
   neomutt at the command line. There are various command-line options,
   see either the NeoMutt man page or the reference.

1. Core Concepts

   NeoMutt is a text-based application which interacts with users through
   different menus which are mostly line-/entry-based or page-based. A
   line-based menu is the so-called "index" menu (listing all messages of
   the currently opened folder) or the "alias" menu (allowing you to
   select recipients from a list). Examples for page-based menus are the
   "pager" (showing one message at a time) or the "help" menu listing all
   available key bindings.

   The user interface consists of a context sensitive help line at the
   top, the menu's contents followed by a context sensitive status line
   and finally the command line. The command line is used to display
   informational and error messages as well as for prompts and for
   entering interactive commands.

   NeoMutt is configured through variables which, if the user wants to
   permanently use a non-default value, are written to configuration
   files. NeoMutt supports a rich config file syntax to make even complex
   configuration files readable and commentable.

   Because NeoMutt allows for customizing almost all key bindings, there
   are so-called "functions" which can be executed manually (using the
   command line) or in macros. Macros allow the user to bind a sequence of
   commands to a single key or a short key sequence instead of repeating a
   sequence of actions over and over.

   Many commands (such as saving or copying a message to another folder)
   can be applied to a single message or a set of messages (so-called
   "tagged" messages). To help selecting messages, NeoMutt provides a rich
   set of message patterns (such as recipients, sender, body contents,
   date sent/received, etc.) which can be combined into complex
   expressions using the boolean and and or operations as well as
   negating. These patterns can also be used to (for example) search for
   messages or to limit the index to show only matching messages.

   NeoMutt supports a "hook" concept which allows the user to execute
   arbitrary configuration commands and functions in certain situations
   such as entering a folder, starting a new message or replying to an
   existing one. These hooks can be used to highly customize NeoMutt's
   behavior including managing multiple identities, customizing the
   display for a folder or even implementing auto-archiving based on a
   per-folder basis and much more.

   Besides an interactive mode, NeoMutt can also be used as a command-line
   tool to send messages. See Table 9.1, "Command line options" for a
   complete list of command-line options.

2. Screens and Menus

2.1. Index

   The index is the screen that you usually see first when you start
   NeoMutt. It gives an overview over your emails in the currently opened
   mailbox. By default, this is your system mailbox. The information you
   see in the index is a list of emails, each with its number on the left,
   its flags (new email, important email, email that has been forwarded or
   replied to, tagged email, ...), the date when email was sent, its
   sender, the email size, and the subject. Additionally, the index also
   shows thread hierarchies: when you reply to an email, and the other
   person replies back, you can see the other person's email in a
   "sub-tree" below. This is especially useful for personal email between
   a group of people or when you've subscribed to mailing lists.

2.2. Pager

   The pager is responsible for showing the email content. On the top of
   the pager you have an overview over the most important email headers
   like the sender, the recipient, the subject, and much more information.
   How much information you actually see depends on your configuration,
   which we'll describe below.

   Below the headers, you see the email body which usually contains the
   message. If the email contains any attachments, you will see more
   information about them below the email body, or, if the attachments are
   text files, you can view them directly in the pager.

   To give the user a good overview, it is possible to configure NeoMutt
   to show different things in the pager with different colors. Virtually
   everything that can be described with a regular expression can be
   colored, e.g. URLs, email addresses or smileys.

2.3. File Browser

   The file browser is the interface to the local or remote file system.
   When selecting a mailbox to open, the browser allows custom sorting of
   items, limiting the items shown by a regular expression and a freely
   adjustable format of what to display in which way. It also allows for
   easy navigation through the file system when selecting file(s) to
   attach to a message, select multiple files to attach and many more.

   Some mail systems can nest mail folders inside other mail folders. The
   normal open entry commands in NeoMutt will open the mail folder and you
   can't see the sub-folders. If you instead use the <descend-directory>
   function it will go into the directory and not open it as a mail
   directory.

2.4. Sidebar

   The Sidebar shows a list of all your mailboxes. The list can be turned
   on and off, it can be themed and the list style can be configured.

   This part of the manual is suitable for beginners. If you already know
   NeoMutt you could skip ahead to the main Sidebar guide. If you just
   want to get started, you could use the sample Sidebar neomuttrc.

   Let's turn on the Sidebar:
set sidebar_visible
set sidebar_format = "%B%<F? [%F]>%* %<N?%N/>%S"
set mail_check_stats

   You will see something like this. A list of mailboxes on the left. A
   list of emails, from the selected mailbox, on the right.
Fruit [1]     3/8|  1    + Jan 24  Rhys Lee         (192)  Yew
Animals [1]   2/6|  2    + Feb 11  Grace Hall       (167)  Ilama
Cars            4|  3      Feb 23  Aimee Scott      (450)  Nectarine
Seas          1/7|  4    ! Feb 28  Summer Jackson   (264)  Lemon
                 |  5      Mar 07  Callum Harrison  (464)  Raspberry
                 |  6 N  + Mar 24  Samuel Harris    (353)  Tangerine
                 |  7 N  + Sep 05  Sofia Graham     (335)  Cherry
                 |  8 N    Sep 16  Ewan Brown       (105)  Ugli
                 |
                 |

   This user has four mailboxes: "Fruit", "Cars", "Animals" and "Seas".

   The current, open, mailbox is "Fruit". We can also see information
   about the other mailboxes. For example: The "Animals" mailbox contains,
   1 flagged email, 2 new emails out of a total of 6 emails.

2.4.1. Navigation

   The Sidebar adds some new functions to NeoMutt.

   The user pressed the "c" key to <change-folder> to the "Animals"
   mailbox. The Sidebar automatically updated the indicator to match.
Fruit [1]     3/8|  1      Jan 03  Tia Gibson       (362)  Caiman
Animals [1]   2/6|  2    + Jan 22  Rhys Lee         ( 48)  Dolphin
Cars            4|  3    ! Aug 16  Ewan Brown       (333)  Hummingbird
Seas          1/7|  4      Sep 25  Grace Hall       ( 27)  Capybara
                 |  5 N  + Nov 12  Evelyn Rogers    (453)  Tapir
                 |  6 N  + Nov 16  Callum Harrison  (498)  Hedgehog
                 |
                 |
                 |
                 |

   Let's map some functions:
bind index,pager \CP sidebar-prev       # Ctrl-P - Previous Mailbox
bind index,pager \CN sidebar-next       # Ctrl-N - Next Mailbox
bind index,pager \CO sidebar-open       # Ctrl-O - Open Highlighted Mailbox

   Pressing "Ctrl-N" (Next mailbox) twice will move the Sidebar highlight
   to down to the "Seas" mailbox.
Fruit [1]     3/8|  1      Jan 03  Tia Gibson       (362)  Caiman
Animals [1]   2/6|  2    + Jan 22  Rhys Lee         ( 48)  Dolphin
Cars            4|  3    ! Aug 16  Ewan Brown       (333)  Hummingbird
Seas          1/7|  4      Sep 25  Grace Hall       ( 27)  Capybara
                 |  5 N  + Nov 12  Evelyn Rogers    (453)  Tapir
                 |  6 N  + Nov 16  Callum Harrison  (498)  Hedgehog
                 |
                 |
                 |
                 |

Note

   Functions <sidebar-next> and <sidebar-prev> move the Sidebar highlight.
   They do not change the open mailbox.

   Press "Ctrl-O" (<sidebar-open>) to open the highlighted mailbox.
Fruit [1]     3/8|  1    ! Mar 07  Finley Jones     (139)  Molucca Sea
Animals [1]   2/6|  2    + Mar 24  Summer Jackson   ( 25)  Arafura Sea
Cars            4|  3    + Feb 28  Imogen Baker     (193)  Pechora Sea
Seas          1/7|  4 N  + Feb 23  Isla Hussain     (348)  Balearic Sea
                 |
                 |
                 |
                 |
                 |
                 |

2.4.2. Features

   The Sidebar shows a list of mailboxes in a panel.

   Everything about the Sidebar can be configured.

   State of the Sidebar
     * Visibility
     * Width

   Which mailboxes are displayed
     * Display all
     * Limit to mailboxes with new mail
     * Pin mailboxes to display always

   The order in which mailboxes are displayed
     * Unsorted (order of mailboxes commands)
     * Sorted alphabetically
     * Sorted by number of new mails

   Color
     * Sidebar indicators and divider
     * Mailboxes depending on their type
     * Mailboxes depending on their contents

   Key bindings
     * Hide/Unhide the Sidebar
     * Select previous/next mailbox
     * Select previous/next mailbox with new mail
     * Page up/down through a list of mailboxes

   Misc
     * Formatting string for mailbox
     * Wraparound searching
     * Flexible mailbox abbreviations
     * Support for Unicode mailbox names (UTF-8)

2.4.3. Display

   Everything about the Sidebar can be configured.

   For a quick reference:
     * Sidebar variables to set
     * Sidebar colors to apply
     * Sidebar sort methods

2.4.3.1. Sidebar Basics

   The most important variable is $sidebar_visible. You can set this in
   your "neomuttrc", or bind a key to the function
   <sidebar-toggle-visible>.
set sidebar_visible                         # Make the Sidebar visible by defaul
t
bind index,pager B sidebar-toggle-visible   # Use 'B' to switch the Sidebar on a
nd off

   Next, decide how wide you want the Sidebar to be. 25 characters might
   be enough for the mailbox name and some numbers. Remember, you can
   hide/show the Sidebar at the press of button.

   Finally, you might want to change the divider character. By default,
   Sidebar draws an ASCII line between it and the Index panel. If your
   terminal supports it, you can use a Unicode line-drawing character.
set sidebar_width = 25                  # Plenty of space
set sidebar_divider_char = '|'          # Pretty line-drawing character

2.4.3.2. Sidebar Format String

   $sidebar_format allows you to customize the Sidebar display. For an
   introduction, read format strings including the section about
   conditionals.

   The default value is: %D%* %n

   A more detailed value is: %B%<F? [%F]>%* %<N?%N/>%S

   Which breaks down as:
     * %B - Mailbox name
     * %<F? [%F]> - If flagged emails [%F], otherwise nothing
     * %* - Pad with spaces
     * %<N?%N/> - If new emails %N/, otherwise nothing
     * %S - Total number of emails

   Table 2.1. sidebar_format
   Format Notes Description
   %B   Name of the mailbox
   %d * /= Number of deleted messages
   %D   Descriptive name of the mailbox
   %F * /- Number of flagged messages in the mailbox
   %L * /= Number of messages after limiting
   %n * If there's new mail, display "N", otherwise " " (space).
   %N * /- Number of unread messages in the mailbox (seen or unseen)
   %o * /- Number of old messages in the mailbox (unread, but seen)
   %r * /- Number of read messages in the mailbox
   %S * /- Size of mailbox (total number of messages)
   %t * /= Number of tagged messages in the mailbox
   %Z * /- Number of new messages in the mailbox (unread, unseen)
   %!   "!": one flagged message; "!!": two flagged messages; "n!": n
   flagged messages (for n > 2). Otherwise prints nothing.
   %>X   Right justify the rest of the string and pad with "X"
   %|X   Pad to the end of the line with "X"
   %*X   Soft-fill with character "X" as pad

   * = Can be optionally printed if nonzero

   /- = To use these expandos, you must first:
set mail_check_stats

   /= = Only applicable to the current folder

   Here are some examples. They show the number of (F)lagged, (N)ew and
   (S)ize.

   Table 2.2. sidebar_format examples
            Format           Example
   %B%<F? [%F]>%* %<N?%N/>%S
mailbox [F]            N/S

   %B%* %F:%N:%S
mailbox              F:N:S

   %B %<N?(%N)>%* %S
mailbox (N)              S

   %B%* %<F?%F/>%N
mailbox                F/S

2.4.3.3. Abbreviating Mailbox Names

   $sidebar_delim_chars tells Sidebar how to split up mailbox paths. For
   local directories use "/"; for IMAP folders use "."

2.4.3.3.1. Example 1

   This example works well if your mailboxes have unique names after the
   last separator.

   Add some mailboxes of different depths.
set folder="~/mail"
mailboxes =fruit/apple          =fruit/banana          =fruit/cherry
mailboxes =water/sea/sicily     =water/sea/archipelago =water/sea/sibuyan
mailboxes =water/ocean/atlantic =water/ocean/pacific   =water/ocean/arctic

   Shorten the names:
set sidebar_short_path                  # Shorten mailbox names (truncate all su
bdirs)
set sidebar_component_depth=1           # Shorten mailbox names (truncate 1 subd
irs)
set sidebar_delim_chars="/"             # Delete everything up to the last or Nt
h / character

   The screenshot below shows what the Sidebar would look like before and
   after shortening using sidebar_short_path.
|fruit/apple                            |apple
|fruit/banana                           |banana
|fruit/cherry                           |cherry
|water/sea/sicily                       |sicily
|water/sea/archipelago                  |archipelago
|water/sea/sibuyan                      |sibuyan
|water/ocean/atlantic                   |atlantic
|water/ocean/pacific                    |pacific
|water/ocean/arctic                     |arctic

   The screenshot below shows what the Sidebar would look like before and
   after shortening using sidebar_component_depth=1.
|fruit/apple                            |apple
|fruit/banana                           |banana
|fruit/cherry                           |cherry
|water/sea/sicily                       |sea/sicily
|water/sea/archipelago                  |sea/archipelago
|water/sea/sibuyan                      |sea/sibuyan
|water/ocean/atlantic                   |ocean/atlantic
|water/ocean/pacific                    |ocean/pacific
|water/ocean/arctic                     |ocean/arctic

2.4.3.3.2. Example 2

   This example works well if you have lots of mailboxes which are
   arranged in a tree.

   Add some mailboxes of different depths.
set folder="~/mail"
mailboxes =fruit
mailboxes =fruit/apple =fruit/banana =fruit/cherry
mailboxes =water
mailboxes =water/sea
mailboxes =water/sea/sicily =water/sea/archipelago =water/sea/sibuyan
mailboxes =water/ocean
mailboxes =water/ocean/atlantic =water/ocean/pacific =water/ocean/arctic

   Shorten the names:
set sidebar_short_path                  # Shorten mailbox names
set sidebar_delim_chars="/"             # Delete everything up to the last / cha
racter
set sidebar_folder_indent               # Indent folders whose names we've short
ened
set sidebar_indent_string="  "          # Indent with two spaces

   The screenshot below shows what the Sidebar would look like before and
   after shortening.
|fruit                                  |fruit
|fruit/apple                            |  apple
|fruit/banana                           |  banana
|fruit/cherry                           |  cherry
|water                                  |water
|water/sea                              |  sea
|water/sea/sicily                       |    sicily
|water/sea/archipelago                  |    archipelago
|water/sea/sibuyan                      |    sibuyan
|water/ocean                            |  ocean
|water/ocean/atlantic                   |    atlantic
|water/ocean/pacific                    |    pacific
|water/ocean/arctic                     |    arctic

   Sometimes, it will be necessary to add mailboxes, that you don't use,
   to fill in part of the tree. This will trade vertical space for
   horizontal space (but it looks good).

2.4.3.4. Limiting the Number of Mailboxes

   If you have a lot of mailboxes, sometimes it can be useful to hide the
   ones you aren't using. $sidebar_new_mail_only tells Sidebar to only
   show mailboxes that contain new, or flagged, email.

   Sometimes it is useful to only show mailboxes that have mails in them,
   while hiding the rest. $sidebar_non_empty_mailbox_only tells the
   Sidebar to only show mailboxes with a non-zero number of mails.

   If you want some mailboxes to be always visible, then use the
   sidebar_pin command. It takes a list of mailboxes as parameters.
set sidebar_new_mail_only         # Only mailboxes with new/flagged email
sidebar_pin +fruit +fruit/apple   # Always display these two mailboxes

2.4.4. Colors

   Here is a sample color scheme:
color sidebar_background default black       # Black background
color sidebar_indicator  default color17     # Dark blue background
color sidebar_highlight  white   color238    # Grey background
color sidebar_spool_file yellow  default     # Yellow
color sidebar_unread     cyan    default     # Light blue
color sidebar_new        green   default     # Green
color sidebar_ordinary   default default     # Default colors
color sidebar_flagged    red     default     # Red
color sidebar_divider    color8  default     # Dark grey

   There is a priority order when coloring Sidebar mailboxes. e.g. If a
   mailbox has new mail it will have the sidebar_new color, even if it
   also contains flagged mails.

   Table 2.3. Sidebar Color Priority
  Priority       Color                           Description
  Highest  sidebar_indicator  Mailbox is open
           sidebar_highlight  Mailbox is highlighted
           sidebar_new        Mailbox contains new mail
           sidebar_unread     Mailbox contains unread mail
           sidebar_flagged    Mailbox contains flagged mail
           sidebar_spool_file Mailbox is the spool_file (receives incoming mail)
  Lowest   sidebar_ordinary   Mailbox does not match above

2.5. Help

   The help screen is meant to offer a quick help to the user. It lists
   the current configuration of key bindings and their associated commands
   including a short description, and currently unbound functions that
   still need to be associated with a key binding (or alternatively, they
   can be called via the NeoMutt command prompt).

2.6. Compose Menu

   The compose menu features a split screen containing the information
   which really matters before actually sending a message by mail: who
   gets the message as what (recipients and who gets what kind of copy).
   Additionally, users may set security options like deciding whether to
   sign, encrypt or sign and encrypt a message with/for what keys. Also,
   it's used to attach messages, to re-edit any attachment including the
   message itself.

2.7. Alias Menu

   The alias menu is used to help users finding the recipients of
   messages. For users who need to contact many people, there's no need to
   remember addresses or names completely because it allows for searching,
   too. The alias mechanism and thus the alias menu also features grouping
   several addresses by a shorter nickname, the actual alias, so that
   users don't have to select each single recipient manually. The alias
   menu is also used to display the result of external address queries.

2.8. Attachment Menu

   As will be later discussed in detail, NeoMutt features a good and
   stable MIME implementation, that is, it supports sending and receiving
   messages of arbitrary MIME types. The attachment menu displays a
   message's structure in detail: what content parts are attached to which
   parent part (which gives a true tree structure), which part is of what
   type and what size. Single parts may saved, deleted or modified to
   offer great and easy access to message's internals.

3. Moving Around in Menus

   The most important navigation keys common to line- or entry-based menus
   are shown in Table 2.4, "Most common navigation keys in entry-based
   menus" and in Table 2.5, "Most common navigation keys in page-based
   menus" for page-based menus.

   Table 2.4. Most common navigation keys in entry-based menus
        Key          Function                    Description
   j or <Down>   <next-entry>     move to the next entry
   k or <Up>     <previous-entry> move to the previous entry
   z or <PageDn> <next-page>      go to the next page
   Z or <PageUp> <previous-page>  go to the previous page
   = or <Home>   <first-entry>    jump to the first entry
   * or <End>    <last-entry>     jump to the last entry
   q             <quit>           exit the current menu
   ?             <help>           list all keybindings for the current menu

   Table 2.5. Most common navigation keys in page-based menus
            Key              Function          Description
   J or <Return>          <next-line>     scroll down one line
   <Backspace>            <previous-line> scroll up one line
   K, <Space> or <PageDn> <next-page>     move to the next page
   - or <PageUp>          <previous-page> move the previous page
   <Home>                 <top>           move to the top
   <End>                  <bottom>        move to the bottom

4. Editing Input Fields

4.1. Introduction

   NeoMutt has a built-in line editor for inputting text, e.g. email
   addresses or filenames. The keys used to manipulate text input are very
   similar to those of Emacs. See Table 2.6, "Most common line editor
   keys" for a full reference of available functions, their default key
   bindings, and short descriptions.

   Table 2.6. Most common line editor keys
        Key           Function                  Description
   ^A or <Home>   <bol>             move to the start of the line
   ^B or <Left>   <backward-char>   move back one char
   Esc B          <backward-word>   move back one word
   ^D or <Delete> <delete-char>     delete the char under the cursor
   ^E or <End>    <eol>             move to the end of the line
   ^F or <Right>  <forward-char>    move forward one char
   Esc F          <forward-word>    move forward one word
   <Tab>          <complete>        complete filename, alias, or label
   ^T             <complete-query>  complete address with query
   ^K             <kill-eol>        delete to the end of the line
   Esc d          <kill-eow>        delete to the end of the word
   ^W             <kill-word>       kill the word in front of the cursor
   ^U             <kill-line>       delete entire line
   ^V             <quote-char>      quote the next typed key
   <Up>           <history-up>      recall previous string from history
   <Down>         <history-down>    recall next string from history
   ^R             <history-search>  use current input to search history
   <BackSpace>    <backspace>       kill the char in front of the cursor
   Esc u          <upcase-word>     convert word to upper case
   Esc l          <downcase-word>   convert word to lower case
   Esc c          <capitalize-word> capitalize the word
   ^G             n/a               abort
   <Return>       n/a               finish editing

   ^G is the generic "abort" key in NeoMutt. In addition to the line
   editor, it can also be used to abort prompts. Generally, typing ^G at a
   confirmation prompt or line editor should abort the entire action.

   You can remap the editor functions using the bind command. For example,
   to make the <Delete> key delete the character in front of the cursor
   rather than under, you could use:
bind editor <delete> backspace

4.2. History

   NeoMutt maintains a history for the built-in editor. The number of
   items is controlled by the $history variable and can be made persistent
   using an external file specified using $history_file and $save_history.
   You may cycle through them at an editor prompt by using the
   <history-up> and/or <history-down> commands. NeoMutt will remember the
   currently entered text as you cycle through history, and will wrap
   around to the initial entry line.

   NeoMutt maintains several distinct history lists, one for each of the
   following categories:
     * .neomuttrc commands
     * addresses and aliases
     * shell commands
     * mailboxes
     * filenames
     * patterns
     * everything else

   NeoMutt automatically filters out consecutively repeated items from the
   history. If $history_remove_dups is set, all repeated items are removed
   from the history. It also mimics the behavior of some shells by
   ignoring items starting with a space. The latter feature can be useful
   in macros to not clobber the history's valuable entries with unwanted
   entries.

5. Reading Mail

   Similar to many other mail clients, there are two modes in which mail
   is read in NeoMutt. The first is a list of messages in the mailbox,
   which is called the "index" menu in NeoMutt. The second mode is the
   display of the message contents. This is called the "pager."

   The next few sections describe the functions provided in each of these
   modes.

5.1. The Message Index

   Common keys used to navigate through and manage messages in the index
   are shown in Table 2.7, "Most common message index keys". How messages
   are presented in the index menu can be customized using the
   $index_format variable.

   Table 2.7. Most common message index keys
     Key                    Description
   c        change to a different mailbox
   Esc c    change to a folder in read-only mode
   C        copy the current message to another mailbox
   Esc C    decode a message and copy it to a folder
   Esc s    decode a message and save it to a folder
   D        delete messages matching a pattern
   d        delete the current message
   F        mark as important
   l        show messages matching a pattern
   N        mark message as new
   o        change the current sort method
   O        reverse sort the mailbox
   q        save changes and exit
   s        save-message
   T        tag messages matching a pattern
   t        toggle the tag on a message
   Esc t    toggle tag on entire message thread
   U        undelete messages matching a pattern
   u        undelete-message
   v        view-attachments
   x        abort changes and exit
   <Return> display-message
   <Tab>    jump to the next new or unread message
   @        show the author's full e-mail address
   $        save changes to mailbox
   /        search
   Esc /    search-reverse
   ^L       clear and redraw the screen
   ^T       untag messages matching a pattern

   In addition to who sent the message and the subject, a short summary of
   the disposition of each message is printed beside the message number.
   Zero or more of the "flags" in Table 2.8, "Message status flags" may
   appear, some of which can be turned on or off using these functions:
   <set-flag> and <clear-flag> bound by default to "w" and "W"
   respectively.

   Furthermore, the flags in Table 2.9, "Message recipient flags" reflect
   who the message is addressed to. They can be customized with the
   $to_chars variable.

   Table 2.8. Message status flags
   Flag                          Description
   D    message is deleted (is marked for deletion)
   d    message has attachments marked for deletion
   K    contains a PGP public key
   N    message is new
   O    message is old
   P    message is PGP encrypted
   r    message has been replied to
   S    message is signed, and the signature is successfully verified
   s    message is signed
   !    message is flagged
   *    message is tagged
   n    thread contains new messages (only if collapsed)
   o    thread contains old messages (only if collapsed)

   Table 2.9. Message recipient flags
   Flag                    Description
   +    message is to you and you only
   T    message is to you, but also to or CC'ed to others
   C    message is CC'ed to you
   F    message is from you
   L    message is sent to a subscribed mailing list
   R    message has your address in the Reply-To field

5.2. The Pager

   By default, NeoMutt uses its built-in pager to display the contents of
   messages (an external pager such as less(1) can be configured, see
   $pager variable). The pager is very similar to the Unix program less(1)
   though not nearly as featureful.

   Table 2.10. Most common pager keys
   Key Description
   <Return> go down one line
   <Space> display the next page (or next message if at the end of a
   message)
   - go back to the previous page
   n search for next match
   S skip beyond quoted text
   T toggle display of quoted text
   ? show keybindings
   / regular expression search
   Esc / backward regular expression search
   \ toggle highlighting of search matches
   ^ jump to the top of the message

   In addition to key bindings in Table 2.10, "Most common pager keys",
   many of the functions from the index menu are also available in the
   pager, such as <delete-message> or <copy-message> (this is one
   advantage over using an external pager to view messages).

   Also, the internal pager supports a couple other advanced features. For
   one, you can set $pager_read_delay to operate in a preview mode, where
   new messages are not marked read unless you remain on the message for a
   certain length of time. Additionally, it will accept and translate the
   "standard" nroff sequences for bold and underline. These sequences are
   a series of either the letter, backspace ("^H"), the letter again for
   bold or the letter, backspace, "_" for denoting underline. NeoMutt will
   attempt to display these in bold and underline respectively if your
   terminal supports them. If not, you can use the bold and underline
   color objects to specify a color or mono attribute for them.

   Additionally, the internal pager supports the ANSI escape sequences for
   character attributes. NeoMutt translates them into the correct color
   and character settings. The sequences NeoMutt supports are:
\e[ Ps; Ps; ...  Ps;m

   where Ps can be one of the codes shown in Table 2.11, "ANSI escape
   sequences".

   Table 2.11. ANSI escape sequences
   Escape code Description
   0 All attributes off
   1 Bold on
   3 Italics on
   4 Underline on
   5 Blink on
   7 Reverse video on
   3 <color> Foreground color is <color> (see Table 2.12, "Color
   sequences")
   4 <color> Background color is <color> (see Table 2.12, "Color
   sequences")

   Table 2.12. Color sequences
   Color code  Color
   0          Black
   1          Red
   2          Green
   3          Yellow
   4          Blue
   5          Magenta
   6          Cyan
   7          White

   NeoMutt uses these attributes for handling text/enriched messages, and
   they can also be used by an external autoview script for highlighting
   purposes.

Note

   If you change the colors for your display, for example by changing the
   color associated with color2 for your xterm, then that color will be
   used instead of green.

Note

   Note that the search commands in the pager take regular expressions,
   which are not quite the same as the more complex patterns used by the
   search command in the index. This is because patterns are used to
   select messages by criteria whereas the pager already displays a
   selected message.

5.3. Threaded Mode

   So-called "threads" provide a hierarchy of messages where replies are
   linked to their parent message(s). This organizational form is
   extremely useful in mailing lists where different parts of the
   discussion diverge. NeoMutt displays threads as a tree structure.

   In NeoMutt, when a mailbox is sorted by threads, there are a few
   additional functions available in the index and pager modes as shown in
   Table 2.13, "Most common thread mode keys".

   Table 2.13. Most common thread mode keys
   Key Function Description
   ^D <delete-thread> delete all messages in the current thread
   ^U <undelete-thread> undelete all messages in the current thread
   ^N <next-thread> jump to the start of the next thread
   ^P <previous-thread> jump to the start of the previous thread
   ^R <read-thread> mark the current thread as read
   Esc d <delete-subthread> delete all messages in the current subthread
   Esc u <undelete-subthread> undelete all messages in the current
   subthread
   Esc n <next-subthread> jump to the start of the next subthread
   Esc p <previous-subthread> jump to the start of the previous subthread
   Esc r <read-subthread> mark the current subthread as read
   Esc t <tag-thread> toggle the tag on the current thread
   Esc v <collapse-thread> toggle collapse for the current thread
   Esc V <collapse-all> toggle collapse for all threads
   P <parent-message> jump to parent message in thread

   In the index, the subject of threaded children messages will be
   prepended with thread tree characters. By default, the subject itself
   will not be duplicated unless $hide_thread_subject is unset. Special
   characters will be added to the thread tree as detailed in Table 2.14,
   "Special Thread Characters".

   Table 2.14. Special Thread Characters
   Character Description Notes
   & hidden message see $hide_limited and $hide_top_limited
   ? missing message see $hide_missing and $hide_top_missing
   * pseudo thread see $strict_threads; not displayed when $narrow_tree is
   set
   = duplicate thread see $duplicate_threads; not displayed when
   $narrow_tree is set

   Collapsing a thread displays only the first message in the thread and
   hides the others. This is useful when threads contain so many messages
   that you can only see a handful of threads on the screen. See %M in
   $index_format. For example, you could use %<M?(#%03M)&(%4l)> in
   $index_format to optionally display the number of hidden messages if
   the thread is collapsed. The %<char?if-part&else-part> syntax is
   explained in detail in format string conditionals.

   Technically, every reply should contain a list of its parent messages
   in the thread tree, but not all do. In these cases, NeoMutt groups them
   by subject which can be controlled using the $strict_threads variable.

5.4. Miscellaneous Functions

   In addition, the index and pager menus have these interesting
   functions:

   <check-stats>
          Calculate statistics for all monitored mailboxes declared using
          the mailboxes command. It will calculate statistics despite
          $mail_check_stats being unset.

   <create-alias> (default: a)
          Creates a new alias based upon the current message (or prompts
          for a new one). Once editing is complete, an alias command is
          added to the file specified by the $alias_file variable for
          future use

Note

          NeoMutt does not read the $alias_file upon startup so you must
          explicitly source the file.

   <check-traditional-pgp> (default: Esc P)
          This function will search the current message for content signed
          or encrypted with PGP the "traditional" way, that is, without
          proper MIME tagging. Technically, this function will temporarily
          change the MIME content types of the body parts containing PGP
          data; this is similar to the <edit-type> function's effect.

   <edit-raw-message>
          This command (available in the index and pager) allows you to
          edit the raw current message as it's present in the mail folder.
          After you have finished editing, the changed message will be
          appended to the current folder, and the original message will be
          marked for deletion; if the message is unchanged it won't be
          replaced.

          <edit> is a synonym of this for backwards compatibility.

          See also <edit-or-view-raw-message>, <view-raw-message>.

   <edit>
          Alias of <edit-raw-message> for backwards compatibility.

   <edit-or-view-raw-message> (default: e)
          This command (available in the index and pager) is the same as
          <edit-raw-message> if the mailbox is writable, otherwise it the
          same as <view-raw-message>.

   <edit-type> (default: ^E on the attachment menu, and in the pager and
          index menus; ^T on the compose menu)
          This command is used to temporarily edit an attachment's content
          type to fix, for instance, bogus character set parameters. When
          invoked from the index or from the pager, you'll have the
          opportunity to edit the top-level attachment's content type. On
          the attachment menu, you can change any attachment's content
          type. These changes are not persistent, and get lost upon
          changing folders.

          Note that this command is also available on the compose menu.
          There, it's used to fine-tune the properties of attachments you
          are going to send.

   <enter-command> (default: ":")
          This command is used to execute any command you would normally
          put in a configuration file. A common use is to check the
          settings of variables, or in conjunction with macros to change
          settings on the fly.

   <extract-keys> (default: ^K)
          This command extracts PGP public keys from the current or tagged
          message(s) and adds them to your PGP public key ring.

   <forget-passphrase> (default: ^F)
          This command wipes the passphrase(s) from memory. It is useful,
          if you misspelled the passphrase.

   <list-reply> (default: L)
          Reply to the current or tagged message(s) by extracting any
          addresses which match the regular expressions given by the lists
          or subscribe commands, but also honor any Mail-Followup-To
          header(s) if the $honor_followup_to configuration variable is
          set. In addition, the List-Post header field is examined for
          mailto: URLs specifying a mailing list address. Using this when
          replying to messages posted to mailing lists helps avoid
          duplicate copies being sent to the author of the message you are
          replying to.

   <list-subscribe>
          Send an email to the address specified in the List-Subscribe
          header as specified in RFC2369.

   <list-unsubscribe>
          Send an email to the address specified in the List-Unsubscribe
          header as specified in RFC2369.

   <pipe-message> (default: |)
          Asks for an external Unix command and pipes the current or
          tagged message(s) to it. The variables $pipe_decode,
          $pipe_decode_weed, $pipe_split, $pipe_sep and $wait_key control
          the exact behavior of this function.

   <resend-message> (default: Esc e)
          NeoMutt takes the current message as a template for a new
          message. This function is best described as "recall from
          arbitrary folders". It can conveniently be used to forward MIME
          messages while preserving the original mail structure. Note that
          the amount of headers included here depends on the value of the
          $weed variable.

          This function is also available from the attachment menu. You
          can use this to easily resend a message which was included with
          a bounce message as a message/rfc822 body part.

   <shell-escape> (default: !)
          Asks for an external Unix command and executes it. The $wait_key
          can be used to control whether NeoMutt will wait for a key to be
          pressed when the command returns (presumably to let the user
          read the output of the command), based on the return status of
          the named command. If no command is given, an interactive shell
          is executed.

   <skip-headers> (default: H)
          This function will skip to the first line of the body, past the
          headers of the current message, regardless of current position.

   <view-raw-message>
          This command (available in the index and pager) opens the raw
          message read-only in an editor. This command does not allow
          editing the message, use <edit-raw-message> for this.

          See also <edit-raw-message>, <edit-or-view-raw-message>.

   <skip-quoted> (default: S)
          This function will make the internal pager go forward to the
          next segment of non-quoted body text (whether the first line of
          the body after headers, or following a line of quoted text), or
          print a message if no further unquoted text can be found.

          The variable $pager_skip_quoted_context can be used to show some
          quoted context prior to the selected line.

   <toggle-quoted> (default: T)
          The pager uses the $quote_regex variable to detect quoted text
          when displaying the body of the message. This function toggles
          the display of the quoted material in the message. It is
          particularly useful when being interested in just the response
          and there is a large amount of quoted text in the way.

          The variable $toggle_quoted_show_levels can be used to show some
          context by continuing to show that number of levels rather than
          hiding all quoted levels.

6. Sending Mail

6.1. Introduction

   The bindings shown in Table 2.15, "Most common mail sending keys" are
   available in the index and pager to start a new message.

   Table 2.15. Most common mail sending keys
    Key       Function                       Description
   m     <mail>             compose a new message
   r     <reply>            reply to sender
   g     <group-reply>      reply to all recipients
         <group-chat-reply> reply to all recipients preserving To/Cc
   L     <list-reply>       reply to a mailing list
   L     <list-subscribe>   send a subscription email to a mailing list
   L     <list-unsubscribe> send an unsubscription email to a mailing list
   f     <forward-message>  forward message
   b     <bounce-message>   bounce (remail) message
   Esc k <mail-key>         mail a PGP public key to someone

   Bouncing a message sends the message as-is to the recipient you
   specify. Forwarding a message allows you to add comments or modify the
   message you are forwarding. These items are discussed in greater detail
   in the next section "Forwarding and Bouncing Mail".

   NeoMutt will then enter the compose menu and prompt you for the
   recipients to place on the "To:" header field when you hit m to start a
   new message. Next, it will ask you for the "Subject:" field for the
   message, providing a default if you are replying to or forwarding a
   message. You again have the chance to adjust recipients, subject, and
   security settings right before actually sending the message. See also
   $ask_cc, $ask_bcc, $auto_edit, $bounce, $fast_reply, and $include for
   changing how and if NeoMutt asks these questions.

   When replying, NeoMutt fills these fields with proper values depending
   on the reply type. The types of replying supported are:

   Simple reply
          Reply to the author directly.

   Group reply
          Reply to the author; cc all other recipients; consults
          alternates and excludes you.

   Group Chat reply
          Reply to the author and other recipients in the To list; cc
          other recipients in the Cc list; consults alternates and
          excludes you.

   List reply
          Reply to all mailing list addresses found, either specified via
          configuration or auto-detected. See Section 14, "Mailing Lists"
          for details.

   After getting recipients for new messages, forwards or replies, NeoMutt
   will then automatically start your $editor on the message body. If the
   $edit_headers variable is set, the headers will be at the top of the
   message in your editor; the message body should start on a new line
   after the existing blank line at the end of headers. Any messages you
   are replying to will be added in sort order to the message, with
   appropriate $attribution_intro, $indent_string and
   $attribution_trailer. When forwarding a message, if the $mime_forward
   variable is unset, a copy of the forwarded message will be included. If
   you have specified a $signature, it will be appended to the message.

   Once you have finished editing the body of your mail message, you are
   returned to the compose menu providing the functions shown in
   Table 2.16, "Most common compose menu keys" to modify, send or postpone
   the message.

   Table 2.16. Most common compose menu keys
    Key       Function                       Description
   a     <attach-file>       attach a file
   A     <attach-message>    attach message(s) to the message
   Esc k <attach-key>        attach a PGP public key
   d     <edit-description>  edit description on attachment
   D     <detach-file>       detach a file
   t     <edit-to>           edit the To field
   Esc f <edit-from>         edit the From field
   r     <edit-reply-to>     edit the Reply-To field
   c     <edit-cc>           edit the Cc field
   b     <edit-bcc>          edit the Bcc field
   y     <send-message>      send the message
   s     <edit-subject>      edit the Subject
   S     <smime-menu>        select S/MIME options
   f     <edit-fcc>          specify an "Fcc" mailbox
   p     <pgp-menu>          select PGP options
   P     <postpone-message>  postpone this message until later
   q     <quit>              quit (abort) sending the message
   w     <write-fcc>         write the message to a folder
   i     <ispell>            check spelling (if available on your system)
   ^F    <forget-passphrase> wipe passphrase(s) from memory

   The compose menu is also used to edit the attachments for a message
   which can be either files or other messages. The <attach-message>
   function to will prompt you for a folder to attach messages from. You
   can now tag messages in that folder and they will be attached to the
   message you are sending.

Note

   Note that certain operations like composing a new mail, replying,
   forwarding, etc. are not permitted when you are in that folder. The %r
   in $status_format will change to a "A" to indicate that you are in
   attach-message mode.

   After exiting the compose menu via <send-message>, the message will be
   sent. This happens via $smtp_url. Otherwise $sendmail will be invoked.
   Prior to version 2019-11-29, NeoMutt enabled $write_bcc by default,
   assuming the MTA would automatically remove a Bcc: header as part of
   delivery. Starting with 2019-11-29, the option is unset by default, but
   no longer affects the fcc copy of the message.

6.2. Editing the Message Header

   When editing the header because of $edit_headers being set, there are a
   several pseudo headers available which will not be included in sent
   messages but trigger special NeoMutt behavior.

6.2.1. Fcc: Pseudo Header

   If you specify either of

   Mutt-Fcc: filename

   Fcc: filename

   as a header, NeoMutt will pick up filename just as if you had used the
   <edit-fcc> function in the compose menu. It can later be changed from
   the compose menu.

6.2.2. Attach: Pseudo Header

   You can also attach files to your message by specifying either of

   Mutt-Attach: filename [description]

   Attach: filename [description]

   where filename is the file to attach and description is an optional
   string to use as the description of the attached file. Spaces in
   filenames have to be escaped using backslash ("\"). The file can be
   removed as well as more added from the compose menu.

6.2.3. Pgp: Pseudo Header

   If you want to use PGP, you can specify either of

   Mutt-PGP: [ E | S | S <id> ]

   Pgp: [ E | S | S <id> ]

   "E" selects encryption, "S" selects signing and "S<id>" selects signing
   with the given key, setting $pgp_sign_as for the duration of the
   message composition session. The selection can later be changed in the
   compose menu.

6.2.4. Smime: Pseudo Header

   If you want to use S/MIME, you can specify either of

   Mutt-SMIME: [ E | S | S <id> ]

   Smime: [ E | S | S <id> ]

   "E" selects encryption, "S" selects signing and "S<id>" selects signing
   with the given key, setting $smime_sign_as for the duration of the
   message composition session. The selection can later be changed in the
   compose menu.

6.2.5. In-Reply-To: Header

   When replying to messages, the In-Reply-To: header contains the
   Message-Id of the message(s) you reply to. If you remove or modify its
   value, NeoMutt will not generate a References: field, which allows you
   to create a new message thread, for example to create a new message to
   a mailing list without having to enter the mailing list's address.

   If you intend to start a new thread by replying, please make really
   sure you remove the In-Reply-To: header in your editor. Otherwise,
   though you'll produce a technically valid reply, some netiquette
   guardians will be annoyed by this so-called "thread hijacking".

6.3. Sending Cryptographically Signed/Encrypted Messages

   If you have told NeoMutt to PGP or S/MIME encrypt a message, it will
   guide you through a key selection process when you try to send the
   message. NeoMutt will not ask you any questions about keys which have a
   certified user ID matching one of the message recipients' mail
   addresses. However, there may be situations in which there are several
   keys, weakly certified user ID fields, or where no matching keys can be
   found.

   In these cases, you are dropped into a menu with a list of keys from
   which you can select one. When you quit this menu, or NeoMutt can't
   find any matching keys, you are prompted for a user ID. You can, as
   usually, abort this prompt using ^G. When you do so, NeoMutt will
   return to the compose screen.

   Once you have successfully finished the key selection, the message will
   be encrypted using the selected public keys when sent out.

   To ensure you can view encrypted messages you have sent, you may wish
   to set $pgp_self_encrypt and $pgp_default_key for PGP, or
   $smime_self_encrypt and $smime_default_key for S/MIME.

   Most fields of the entries in the key selection menu (see also
   $pgp_entry_format) have obvious meanings. But some explanations on the
   capabilities, flags, and validity fields are in order.

   The flags sequence ("%f") will expand to one of the flags in
   Table 2.17, "PGP key menu flags".

   Table 2.17. PGP key menu flags
   Flag                    Description
   R    The key has been revoked and can't be used.
   X    The key is expired and can't be used.
   d    You have marked the key as disabled.
   c    There are unknown critical self-signature packets.

   The capabilities field ("%c") expands to a two-character sequence
   representing a key's capabilities. The first character gives the key's
   encryption capabilities: A minus sign ("-") means that the key cannot
   be used for encryption. A dot (".") means that it's marked as a
   signature key in one of the user IDs, but may also be used for
   encryption. The letter "e" indicates that this key can be used for
   encryption.

   The second character indicates the key's signing capabilities. Once
   again, a "-" implies "not for signing", "." implies that the key is
   marked as an encryption key in one of the user-ids, and "s" denotes a
   key which can be used for signing.

   Finally, the validity field ("%t") indicates how well-certified a
   user-id is. Its values depend on the backend used. Note that S/MIME
   (which uses X509 certificates) has no concept of validity, so this
   field simply shows x. The possible values listed in Table 2.18, "PGP
   key menu validity".

   Table 2.18. PGP key menu validity
   Flag (classic PGP) Flag (GPGME) Description
   N/A ? indicates unknown validity
   ? q indicates undefined validity
   - n indicates a never valid key (untrusted association)
   space m indicates marginal validity (partially trusted)
   + f indicates full validity (fully trusted)
   N/A u indicates ultimate validity
   N/A x the entry is an X509 certificate (S/MIME)

6.4. Sending Format=Flowed Messages

6.4.1. Concept

   format=flowed-style messages (or f=f for short) are text/plain messages
   that consist of paragraphs which a receiver's mail client may reformat
   to its own needs, which mostly means to customize line lengths
   regardless of what the sender sent. Technically this is achieved by
   letting lines of a "flowable" paragraph end in spaces except for the
   last line.

   While for text-mode clients like NeoMutt it's best to assume only a
   standard 80x24 character cell terminal, it may be desired to let the
   receiver decide completely how to view a message.

6.4.2. NeoMutt Support

   NeoMutt only supports setting the required format=flowed MIME parameter
   on outgoing messages if the $text_flowed variable is set, specifically
   it does not add the trailing spaces.

   After editing, NeoMutt properly space-stuffs the message.
   Space-stuffing is required by RFC3676, defining format=flowed, and
   means to prepend a space to:
     * all lines starting with a space
     * lines starting with the word "From" followed by space
     * all lines starting with ">", which is not intended to be a quote
       character

Note

   NeoMutt only supports space-stuffing for the first two types of lines
   but not for the third: It is impossible to safely detect whether a
   leading > character starts a quote or not.

   All leading spaces are to be removed by receiving clients to restore
   the original message prior to further processing.

6.4.3. Editor Considerations

   As NeoMutt provides no additional features to compose f=f messages,
   it's completely up to the user and his editor to produce proper
   messages. Please consider your editor's documentation if you intend to
   send f=f messages.

   For example, vim provides the w flag for its formatoptions setting to
   assist in creating f=f messages, see :help fo-table for details.

6.4.4. Reformatting

   NeoMutt has some support for reformatting when viewing and replying to
   format=flowed messages. In order to take advantage of these,
   $reflow_text must be set.
     * Paragraphs are automatically reflowed and wrapped at a width
       specified by $reflow_wrap.
     * In its original format, the quoting style of format=flowed messages
       can be difficult to read, and doesn't intermix well with non-flowed
       replies. Setting $reflow_space_quotes adds spaces after each level
       of quoting when in the pager and replying in a non-flowed format
       (i.e. with $text_flowed unset).
     * If $reflow_space_quotes is unset, NeoMutt will still add one
       trailing space after all the quotes in the pager (but not when
       replying).

7. Forwarding and Bouncing Mail

   Bouncing and forwarding let you send an existing message to recipients
   that you specify. Bouncing a message sends a verbatim copy of a message
   to alternative addresses as if they were the message's original
   recipients specified in the Bcc header. Forwarding a message, on the
   other hand, allows you to modify the message before it is resent (for
   example, by adding your own comments). Bouncing is done using the
   <bounce-message> function and forwarding using the <forward-message>
   function bound to "b" and "f" respectively.

   Forwarding can be done by including the original message in the new
   message's body (surrounded by indicating lines: see
   $forward_attribution_intro and $forward_attribution_trailer) or
   including it as a MIME attachment, depending on the value of the
   $mime_forward variable. Decoding of attachments, like in the pager, can
   be controlled by the $forward_decode and $mime_forward_decode
   variables, respectively. The desired forwarding format may depend on
   the content, therefore $mime_forward is a quadoption which, for
   example, can be set to "ask-no".

   NeoMutt's default ($mime_forward="no" and $forward_decode="yes") is to
   use standard inline forwarding. In that mode all text-decodable parts
   are included in the new message body. Other attachments from the
   original email can also be attached to the new message, based on the
   quadoption $forward_attachments.

   The inclusion of headers is controlled by the current setting of the
   $weed variable, unless $mime_forward is set. The subject of the email
   is controlled by $forward_format.

   By default a forwarded message does not reference the messages it
   contains. When $forward_references is set, a forwarded message includes
   the "In-Reply-To:" and "References:" headers, just like a reply would.
   Hence the forwarded message becomes part of the original thread instead
   of starting a new one.

   Editing the message to forward follows the same procedure as sending or
   replying to a message does, but can be disabled via the quadoption
   $forward_edit.

8. Postponing Mail

   At times it is desirable to delay sending a message that you have
   already begun to compose. When the <postpone-message> function is used
   in the compose menu, the body of your message and attachments are
   stored in the mailbox specified by the $postponed variable. This means
   that you can recall the message even if you exit NeoMutt and then
   restart it at a later time.

   Once a message is postponed, there are several ways to resume it. From
   the command line you can use the "-p" option, or if you compose a new
   message from the index or pager you will be prompted if postponed
   messages exist. If multiple messages are currently postponed, the
   postponed menu will pop up and you can select which message you would
   like to resume.

Note

   If you postpone a reply to a message, the reply setting of the message
   is only updated when you actually finish the message and send it. Also,
   you must be in the same folder with the message you replied to for the
   status of the message to be updated.

   See also the $postpone quad-option.

9. Logging

   NeoMutt has different types of logging/error messages
     * Primitive Errors: errors emitted by C library functions such as
       fopen().
     * Errors
     * Warnings
     * Message: Informational messages such as Sorting mailbox....
     * Debug: Debug messages usually only interesting while debugging.

   These log messages are shown in the command bar at the bottom of the UI
   (usually below the status line) and errors are shown in a different
   colour than the other message types. The colours used for displaying
   can be adjusted with color error ... and color message ...,
   respectively. See the description of color for the precise syntax.

   The command bar shows only the last message. To show the last 100
   messages (this includes all types of messages from debug to error) the
   function <show-log-messages> can be used.

   Debug messages are not shown by default. The debug log level must be
   set with the -d command line parameter at startup. The -d parameter
   expects a debug level which can range from 1 to 5 and affects verbosity
   of the debug messages. A value of 2 is recommended for the start. If
   debug logging is enabled, all log messages (i.e. errors, warnings, ...,
   debug) are additionally written to the file ~/.neomuttdebug0.

10. Encryption and Signing

   NeoMutt supports encrypting and signing emails when used interactively.
   In batch mode, cryptographic operations are disabled, so these options
   can't be used to sign an email sent via a cron job, for instance.

   The recommended way to enable OpenPGP and S/MIME is to use GPGME. This
   library is integrated into NeoMutt and can perform all the common
   crypto functions the user will need.
# Enable GPGME
set crypt_use_gpgme

   If you have complex crypto needs, then you can enable the "classic
   mode" by disabling GPGME and setting all pgp_command_* and
   smime_command_* config variables.

   For example config, see: gpg.rc and smime.rc in the Contrib repository.
# Use manual crypto functions
unset crypt_use_gpgme
set pgp_clear_sign_command = "..."
...
set smime_decrypt_command = "..."
...

10.1. OpenPGP Configuration

   The two most important settings are $pgp_default_key and $pgp_sign_as.
   To perform encryption, you must set the first variable. If you have a
   separate signing key, or only have a signing key, then set the second.
   Most people will only need to set $pgp_default_key.

   Starting with version 2.1.0, GnuPG automatically uses an agent to
   prompt for your passphrase. If you are using a version older than that,
   you'll need to ensure an agent is running (alternatively, you can unset
   $pgp_use_gpg_agent and NeoMutt will prompt you for your passphrase).
   The agent in turn uses a pinentry program to display the prompt. There
   are many different kinds of pinentry programs that can be used: qt,
   gtk2, gnome3, fltk, and curses. However, NeoMutt does not work properly
   with the tty pinentry program. Please ensure you have one of the GUI or
   curses pinentry programs installed and configured to be the default for
   your system.

10.2. S/MIME Configuration

   As with OpenPGP, the two most important settings are $smime_default_key
   and $smime_sign_as. To perform encryption and decryption, you must set
   the first variable. If you have a separate signing key, or only have a
   signing key, then set the second. Most people will only need to set
   $smime_default_key.

   When using GPGME as S/MIME backend, keys and certificates are managed
   by GnuPG. You can add your key (or certificates) to GnuPG with the
   command "gpgsm --import mykey.p12". Note that in order to use the key
   for signing or encrypting, the root certificate of that key must be
   trusted, which might involve editing ~/.gnupg/trustlist.txt. Consult
   your documentation of GnuPG for details, in particular gpgsm.

   In "classic mode", keys and certificates are managed by the smime_keys
   program that comes with NeoMutt. By default they are stored under
   ~/.smime/. (This is set by the smime.rc file with $smime_certificates
   and $smime_keys.) To initialize this directory, use the command
   "smime_keys init" from a shell prompt. The program can be then be used
   to import and list certificates. You may also want to periodically run
   "smime_keys refresh" to update status flags for your certificates.

Chapter 3. Configuration

   Table of Contents

   1. Location of Initialization Files

        1.1. Location of system config files
        1.2. Location of user config files
        1.3. Config Priority

   2. Starter NeoMuttrc
   3. Syntax of Initialization Files
   4. Address Groups
   5. Defining/Using Aliases
   6. Changing the Default Key Bindings

        6.1. Binding a Key Sequence to a Function
        6.2. Unbinding a Key Sequence
        6.3. Enter versus Return
        6.4. Warnings about Duplicated Bindings
        6.5. Terminal Keybindings

   7. Changing the current working directory
   8. Defining Aliases for Character Sets
   9. Setting Variables Based Upon Mailbox
   10. Keyboard Macros

        10.1. Creating a Key Macro
        10.2. Removing a Key Macro

   11. Using Color and Mono Video Attributes

        11.1. Color Style
        11.2. Simple Colors
        11.3. Color Lists
        11.4. Mono Color

   12. Message Header Display

        12.1. Header Display
        12.2. Selecting Headers
        12.3. Ordering Displayed Headers

   13. Alternative Addresses
   14. Mailing Lists
   15. Using Multiple Spool Mailboxes
   16. Monitoring Incoming Mail
   17. User-Defined Headers
   18. Specify Default Fcc: and/or Save Mailbox
   19. Change Settings Based Upon Message Recipients
   20. Change Settings Before Formatting a Message
   21. Choosing the Cryptographic Key of the Recipient
   22. Dynamically Changing $index_format using Patterns
   23. Adding Key Sequences to the Keyboard Buffer
   24. Executing Functions
   25. Message Scoring
   26. Spam Detection
   27. Setting and Querying Variables

        27.1. Variable Types
        27.2. Commands
        27.3. User-Defined Variables
        27.4. Type Conversions

   28. Reading Initialization Commands From Another File
   29. Removing Hooks
   30. Format Strings

        30.1. Basic usage
        30.2. Conditionals
        30.3. Filters
        30.4. Padding
        30.5. Conditional Dates
        30.6. Bytes size display

   31. Control allowed header fields in a mailto: URL

1. Location of Initialization Files

   When NeoMutt starts up it looks for two configuration files - one
   "system" file and one "user" file.

   NeoMutt first reads the system configuration file, then the user
   configuration file. The two files are merged in the sense that "last
   setting wins". That is, if a setting is defined in both files, the user
   configuration file's value for that setting is the one that takes
   precedence and becomes effective.

   NeoMutt searches for several different file names when looking for
   config. It looks for NeoMutt config files before Mutt config files and
   versioned config before plain config. For example:

   Table 3.1. NeoMutt config file search order
   neomuttrc
   muttrc

   This allows the user to create separate NeoMutt and Mutt config files
   on the same system.

1.1. Location of system config files

   NeoMutt will search for a system config file in a neomutt directory in
   several places. First it searches the locations specified in the
   XDG_CONFIG_DIRS environment variable, which defaults to /etc/xdg. Next,
   it looks in /etc. Finally, it tries /usr/share.

   The system config file will not be read if the "-n" option is used on
   the command line.

   NeoMutt will read just one file, the first file it finds, from the list
   below.

   Table 3.2. NeoMutt system config file locations
          File Location                     Notes
   /etc/xdg/neomutt/neomuttrc
   /etc/xdg/neomutt/Muttrc      Note the case of the filename
   /etc/neomuttrc
   /etc/Muttrc                  Note the case of the filename
   /usr/share/neomutt/neomuttrc
   /usr/share/neomutt/Muttrc    Note the case of the filename

1.2. Location of user config files

   NeoMutt will search for a user config file in several places. First it
   looks in the directory specified in the XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment
   variable, which defaults to ~/.config/neomutt. Next, it looks in ~
   (your home directory). Finally, it tries ~/.neomutt.

   You may specify your own location for the user config file using the
   "-F" option on the command line.

   NeoMutt will read just one file, the first file it finds, from the list
   below.

   Table 3.3. NeoMutt user config file locations
          File Location
   ~/.config/neomutt/neomuttrc
   ~/.config/neomutt/muttrc
   ~/.config/mutt/neomuttrc
   ~/.config/mutt/muttrc
   ~/.neomutt/neomuttrc
   ~/.neomutt/muttrc
   ~/.mutt/neomuttrc
   ~/.mutt/muttrc
   ~/.neomuttrc
   ~/.muttrc

1.3. Config Priority

   The majority of NeoMutt's config will be read from two files: the
   system config in /etc and the user config in, e.g. ~/.neomuttrc

   The last file that gets read will overwrite any settings from previous
   config files. This means that an administrator can set some defaults
   which the user can override.

   Additionally, there are a handful of config items which can be set
   using an environment variable. They have a lower priority than the
   NeoMutt config files: $editor, $from, $mailcap_path, $news_server,
   shell, $spool_file, $tmp_dir,

   Finally, it's possible to set some variables directly on the
   command-line using the -e option.

   Table 3.4. Config Priority
   Priority Where Example
   Highest Command line neomutt -e 'set from="John Doe
   <john@example.com>"'
     User Config ~/.neomuttrc
     System Config /etc/neomuttrc
     Environment export EDITOR="/usr/bin/vim"
   Lowest Built-in Defaults hard-coded into NeoMutt

2. Starter NeoMuttrc

   NeoMutt is highly configurable because it's meant to be customized to
   your needs and preferences. However, this configurability can make it
   difficult when just getting started. A few sample neomuttrc files are
   available in the Contrib Repo.

3. Syntax of Initialization Files

   An initialization file consists of a series of commands. Each line of
   the file may contain one or more commands. When multiple commands are
   used, they must be separated by a semicolon (";").

   Example 3.1. Multiple configuration commands per line
set real_name='John Smith' ; ignore x-

   The hash mark, or pound sign ("#"), is used as a "comment" character.
   You can use it to annotate your initialization file. All text after the
   comment character to the end of the line is ignored.

   Example 3.2. Commenting configuration files
my_hdr X-Disclaimer: Why are you listening to me?   # This is a comment

   Single quotes ("'") and double quotes (""") can be used to quote
   strings which contain spaces or other special characters. The
   difference between the two types of quotes is similar to that of many
   popular shell programs, namely that a single quote is used to specify a
   literal string (one that is not interpreted for shell variables or
   quoting with a backslash [see next paragraph]), while double quotes
   indicate a string for which should be evaluated. For example, backticks
   are evaluated inside of double quotes, but not for single quotes.

   "\" quotes the next character, just like in a shell. For example, if
   want to put quotes """ inside of a string, you can use "\" to force the
   next character to be a literal instead of interpreted character.

   Example 3.3. Escaping quotes in configuration files
set real_name="John \"anonymous\" Doe"

   "\\" means to insert a literal "\" into the line. "\n" and "\r" have
   their usual C meanings of linefeed and carriage-return, respectively.

   A "\" at the end of a line can be used to split commands over multiple
   lines as it "escapes" the line end, provided that the split points
   don't appear in the middle of command names. Lines are first
   concatenated before interpretation so that a multi-line can be
   commented by commenting out the first line only.

   Example 3.4. Splitting long configuration commands over several lines
set status_format="some very \
long value split \
over several lines"

Note

   Using "\" at the end of a line only removes the newline character.

   Any leading whitespace on the following lines will be part of the
   configuration.

   It is also possible to substitute the output of a Unix command in an
   initialization file. This is accomplished by enclosing the command in
   backticks (``). In Example 3.5, "Using external command's output in
   configuration files", the output of the Unix command "uname -a" will be
   substituted before the line is parsed. Since initialization files are
   line oriented, only the first line of output from the Unix command will
   be substituted.

   Example 3.5. Using external command's output in configuration files
my_hdr X-Operating-System: `uname -a`

   To avoid the output of backticks being parsed, place them inside double
   quotes. In Example 3.6, "Preventing the output of backticks from being
   parsed", the output of the gpg decryption is assigned directly to
   $imap_pass, so that special characters in the password (e.g."'", "#",
   "$") are not parsed and interpreted specially by neomutt.

   Example 3.6. Preventing the output of backticks from being parsed
set imap_pass="`gpg --batch -q --decrypt ~/.neomutt/account.gpg`"

   Both environment variables and NeoMutt variables can be accessed by
   prepending "$" to the name of the variable. For example,

   Example 3.7. Using environment variables in configuration files
set record = "+sent_on_$HOSTNAME"

   will cause NeoMutt to save outgoing messages to a folder named
   "sent_on_kremvax" if the environment variable $HOSTNAME is set to
   "kremvax." (See $record for details.)

   If NeoMutt can't find a matching config variable, it will try to find a
   matching environment variable.

   NeoMutt expands the variable when it is assigned, not when it is used.
   If the value of a variable on the right-hand side of an assignment
   changes after the assignment, the variable on the left-hand side will
   not be affected.

   The commands understood by NeoMutt are explained in the next
   paragraphs. For a complete list, see the command reference.

   All configuration files are expected to be in the current locale as
   specified by the $charset variable which doesn't have a default value
   since it's determined by NeoMutt at startup. If a configuration file is
   not encoded in the same character set the $config_charset variable
   should be used: all lines starting with the next are recoded from
   $config_charset to $charset.

   This mechanism should be avoided if possible as it has the following
   implications:
     * These variables should be set early in a configuration file with
       $charset preceding $config_charset so NeoMutt knows what character
       set to convert to.
     * If $config_charset is set, it should be set in each configuration
       file because the value is global and not per configuration file.
     * Because NeoMutt first recodes a line before it attempts to parse
       it, a conversion introducing question marks or other characters as
       part of errors (unconvertible characters, transliteration) may
       introduce syntax errors or silently change the meaning of certain
       tokens (e.g. inserting question marks into regular expressions).

4. Address Groups

   Usage:

   group [ -group name ...] { -rx regex ... | -addr address ... }
   ungroup [ -group name ...] { * | -rx regex ... | -addr address ... }

   NeoMutt supports grouping addresses logically into named groups. An
   address or regular expression can appear in several groups at the same
   time. These groups can be used in patterns (for searching, limiting and
   tagging) and in hooks by using group patterns. This can be useful to
   classify mail and take certain actions depending on in what groups the
   message is. For example, the NeoMutt user's mailing list would fit into
   the categories "mailing list" and "NeoMutt-related". Using send-hook,
   the sender can be set to a dedicated one for writing mailing list
   messages, and the signature could be set to a NeoMutt-related one for
   writing to a NeoMutt list - for other lists, the list sender setting
   still applies but a different signature can be selected. Or, given a
   group only containing recipients known to accept encrypted mail,
   "auto-encryption" can be achieved easily.

   The group command is used to directly add either addresses or regular
   expressions to the specified group or groups. The different categories
   of arguments to the group command can be in any order. The flags -rx
   and -addr specify what the following strings (that cannot begin with a
   hyphen) should be interpreted as: either a regular expression or an
   email address, respectively.

   These address groups can also be created implicitly by the alias,
   lists, subscribe and alternates commands by specifying the optional
   -group option. For example,
alternates -group me address1 address2
alternates -group me -group work address3

   would create a group named "me" which contains all three addresses and
   a group named "work" which contains only your work address address3.
   Besides many other possibilities, this could be used to automatically
   mark your own messages in a mailing list folder as read or use a
   special signature for work-related messages.

   The ungroup command is used to remove addresses or regular expressions
   from the specified group or groups. The syntax is similar to the group
   command, however the special character * can be used to empty a group
   of all of its contents. As soon as a group gets empty because all
   addresses and regular expressions have been removed, it'll internally
   be removed, too (i.e. there cannot be an empty group). When removing
   regular expressions from a group, the regex must be specified exactly
   as given to the group command or -group argument.

5. Defining/Using Aliases

   Usage:

   alias [ -group name ...] key address [ , address ...] [ # [ comments ]
   [ tags:... ]]
   unalias [ -group name ...] { * | key ... }

   It's usually very cumbersome to remember or type out the address of
   someone you are communicating with. NeoMutt allows you to create
   "aliases" which map a short string to a full address.

Note

   If you want to create an alias for more than one address, you must
   separate the addresses with a comma (",").

   The optional -group argument to alias causes the aliased address(es) to
   be added to the named group.

   To add an alias:
# Some aliases, with comments and tags
alias alan   Alan Jones <alan@example.com>      # Al tags:friends
alias briony Briony Williams <bw@example.com>   # tags:friends
alias jim    James Smith <js@example.com>       # Pointy-haired boss

# An alias that references two other aliases
alias friends alan, briony

   Aliases can given tags (labels) which can be used for searching or
   limiting. Tags consist of comma-separated strings after a comment of
   tags:. In the Address Book, you can search for a tag with ~Y friends or
   limit the view to friends.

   To remove an alias or aliases ("*" means all aliases):
unalias muttdude
unalias *

   Note: The alias key is matched case insensitively when creating
   (checking for duplicates), removing, or expanding aliases.

   Unlike other mailers, NeoMutt doesn't require aliases to be defined in
   a special file. The alias command can appear anywhere in a
   configuration file, as long as this file is sourced. Consequently, you
   can have multiple alias files, or you can have all aliases defined in
   your .neomuttrc.

   On the other hand, the <create-alias> function can use only one file,
   the one pointed to by the $alias_file variable (which is ~/.neomuttrc
   by default). This file is not special either, in the sense that NeoMutt
   will happily append aliases to any file, but in order for the new
   aliases to take effect you need to explicitly source this file too.

   Example 3.8. Configuring external alias files
source /usr/local/share/NeoMutt.aliases
source ~/.mail_aliases
set alias_file=~/.mail_aliases

   To use aliases, you merely use the alias at any place in NeoMutt where
   NeoMutt prompts for addresses, such as the To: or Cc: prompt. You can
   also enter aliases in your editor at the appropriate headers if you
   have the $edit_headers variable set.

   In addition, at the various address prompts, you can use the tab
   character to expand a partial alias to the full alias. If there are
   multiple matches, NeoMutt will bring up a menu with the matching
   aliases. In order to be presented with the full list of aliases, you
   must hit tab without a partial alias, such as at the beginning of the
   prompt or after a comma denoting multiple addresses.

   In the alias menu, you can select as many aliases as you want with the
   tag-entry key (default: <Space> or t), and use the exit key (default:
   q) to return to the address prompt.

6. Changing the Default Key Bindings

   Usage:

   bind map [ ,map ...] key function
   unbind { * | map [ ,map ...] } [ key ]

   This command allows you to change the default key bindings (operation
   invoked when pressing a key).

6.1. Binding a Key Sequence to a Function

   The bind command allows to assign a new effect to a key (e.g. a) or a
   keysequence (e.g. gh - that is pressing g followed by a press of h).
   Its syntax is:

   bind map [ ,map ...] key function

   map specifies in which menu the binding belongs. Multiple maps may be
   specified by separating them with commas (no additional whitespace is
   allowed). The currently defined maps are:

   generic
          This is not a real menu, but is used as a fallback for all of
          the other menus except for the pager and editor modes. If a key
          is not defined in another menu, NeoMutt will look for a binding
          to use in this menu. This allows you to bind a key to a certain
          function in multiple menus instead of having multiple bind
          statements to accomplish the same task.

   alias
          The alias menu is the list of your personal aliases as defined
          in your .neomuttrc. It is the mapping from a short alias name to
          the full email address(es) of the recipient(s).

   attach
          The attachment menu is used to access the attachments on
          received messages.

   browser
          The browser is used for both browsing the local directory
          structure, and for listing all of your incoming mailboxes.

   editor
          The editor is used to allow the user to enter a single line of
          text, such as the To or Subject prompts in the compose menu.

   index
          The index is the list of messages contained in a mailbox.

   compose
          The compose menu is the screen used when sending a new message.

   pager
          The pager is the mode used to display message/attachment data,
          and help listings.

   pgp
          The pgp menu is used to select the OpenPGP keys used to encrypt
          outgoing messages.

   smime
          The smime menu is used to select the OpenSSL certificates used
          to encrypt outgoing messages.

   postpone
          The postpone menu is similar to the index menu, except is used
          when recalling a message the user was composing, but saved until
          later.

   query
          The query menu is the browser for results returned by
          $query_command.

   key is the key (or key sequence) you wish to bind. To specify a control
   character, use the sequence \Cx, where x is the letter of the control
   character (for example, to specify control-A use "\Ca"). Note that the
   case of x as well as \C is ignored, so that \CA, \Ca, \cA and \ca are
   all equivalent. An alternative form is to specify the key as a three
   digit octal number prefixed with a "\" (for example \177 is equivalent
   to \c?). You can also use the form <177>, which allows octal numbers
   with an arbitrary number of digits. In addition, key may be a symbolic
   name as shown in Table 3.5, "Symbolic key names".

   Table 3.5. Symbolic key names
   Symbolic name           Meaning
   \t            tab
   <tab>         tab
   <backtab>     backtab / shift-tab
   \r            carriage return
   \n            newline
   \e            escape/alt
   <esc>         escape/alt
   <up>          up arrow
   <down>        down arrow
   <left>        left arrow
   <right>       right arrow
   <pageup>      Page Up
   <pagedown>    Page Down
   <backspace>   Backspace
   <delete>      Delete
   <insert>      Insert
   <enter>       Enter
   <return>      Return
   <keypadenter> Enter key on numeric keypad
   <home>        Home
   <end>         End
   <space>       Space bar
   <f1>          function key 1
   <f10>         function key 10

   The <what-key> function can be used to explore keycode and symbolic
   names for other keys on your keyboard. Executing this function will
   display information about each key pressed, until terminated by ^G.

   key does not need to be enclosed in quotes unless it contains a space
   (" ") or semi-colon (";").

   function specifies which action to take when key is pressed. For a
   complete list of functions, see the reference. Note that the bind
   expects function to be specified without angle brackets.

   The special function <noop> unbinds the specified key sequence. It is
   recommended to use unbind instead.

6.2. Unbinding a Key Sequence

   To remove a binding of a key or key sequence unbind can be used. Its
   syntax is:

   unbind { * | map [ ,map ...] } [ key ]

   map specifies from which menus the key sequence should be removed.
   Multiple maps may be specified by separating them with commas (no
   additional whitespace is allowed). If * is given, then the key sequence
   is removed from all menus. Valid menu names and their description are
   listed in the bind section.

   key is the key or key sequence to be unbound. It may be omitted in
   which case all keybindings in the given menus are removed. To prevent
   NeoMutt from becoming unusable some fallback key bindings are added
   afterwards. The fallback keybindings added depend on the menu, they are
   listed in Table 3.6, "Fallback key bindings".

   Table 3.6. Fallback key bindings
     Menu       Key      Bound Function
   generic  <enter>     <select-entry>
   generic  <return>    <select-entry>
   generic  :           <enter-command>
   generic  ?           <help>
   generic  q           <exit>
   alias    ?           <help>
   alias    q           <exit>
   attach   ?           <help>
   attach   q           <exit>
   browser  ?           <help>
   browser  q           <exit>
   editor   <backspace> <backspace>
   editor   \177        <backspace>
   index    <enter>     <display-message>
   index    <return>    <display-message>
   index    ?           <help>
   index    q           <exit>
   compose  ?           <help>
   compose  q           <exit>
   pager    ?           <help>
   pager    q           <exit>
   pager    :           <enter-command>
   pgp      ?           <help>
   pgp      q           <exit>
   smime    ?           <help>
   smime    q           <exit>
   postpone ?           <help>
   postpone q           <exit>
   query    ?           <help>
   query    q           <exit>
   mix      ?           <help>
   mix      q           <exit>

   A key binding can also be unbound by mapping it to the special function
   <noop>. It is, however, recommended to use unbind instead.

6.3. Enter versus Return

   Prior to 2022, NeoMutt used a default ncurses mode ("nl()"). This mode
   maps keyboard input of either <Enter> or <Return> to the same value,
   which NeoMutt interpreted as <Return> internally.

   However, starting in version 2.2, this mode is turned off, allowing
   <Return> and <Enter> to be mapped separately, if desired. The default
   keyboard mappings set both, but you can override this or create new
   bindings with one or the other (or both).

   Note that in terminal application, such as NeoMutt, <Enter> is the same
   as "\n" and ^J; while <Return> is the same as "\r" and ^M.

6.4. Warnings about Duplicated Bindings

   Due to a limitation of NeoMutt, creating key bindings, or macros, will
   overwrite existing mappings with similar, shorter, names.
bind index g  group-reply
bind index gg first-entry

   In this example, the g binding will be overwritten and cannot be used.
   Newer versions of NeoMutt will warn the user about this.

   To avoid warnings on startup, first set the shorter binding to noop (no
   operation).
bind index g  noop
bind index gg first-entry

   The same is also possible using unbind.
unbind index g
bind index gg first-entry

6.5. Terminal Keybindings

   Some key bindings are controlled by the terminal, and so by default
   can't be bound inside NeoMutt. These may include ^C, ^\, ^Q, ^S, ^Z,
   and on BSD/Mac ^Y. These terminal settings can be viewed and changed
   using the stty program.

   "stty -a" will list the bound characters (not all of them affect
   NeoMutt), and what actions they take when pressed. For example, you may
   see "intr = ^C" in its output. This means typing ^C will send an
   interrupt signal. "quit = ^\" means typing ^\ (commonly also ^4) will
   send a quit signal.

   To unbind a key from an action, you invoke "stty action undef". For
   example, "stty quit undef" will unbind ^\ (and ^4) from sending the
   quit signal. Once unbound (e.g, by placing that line in your .profile,
   or in a NeoMutt wrapper script/function) you can use the key sequence
   in your NeoMutt bindings.

7. Changing the current working directory

   Usage:

   cd directory

   The cd command changes NeoMutt's current working directory. This
   affects commands and functions like source, change-folder, and
   save-entry that use relative paths. Using cd without directory changes
   to your home directory.

8. Defining Aliases for Character Sets

   Usage:

   charset-hook alias charset
   iconv-hook charset local-charset

   The charset-hook command defines an alias for a character set. This is
   useful to properly display messages which are tagged with a character
   set name not known to NeoMutt.

   The iconv-hook command defines a system-specific name for a character
   set. This is helpful when your systems character conversion library
   insists on using strange, system-specific names for character sets.

9. Setting Variables Based Upon Mailbox

   Usage:

   folder-hook [ -noregex ] regex command

   It is often desirable to change settings based on which mailbox you are
   reading. The folder-hook command provides a method by which you can
   execute any configuration command. The command is executed before
   loading any mailboxes matching regex. The -noregex switch controls
   whether regex is matched using a simple string comparison or a full
   regex match. If a mailbox matches multiple folder-hooks, they are
   executed in the order given in the .neomuttrc.

   The regex parameter has mailbox shortcut expansion performed on the
   first character. See Mailbox Matching in Hooks for more details.

Note

   If you use the "!" shortcut for $spool_file at the beginning of regex,
   you must place it inside of double or single quotes in order to
   distinguish it from the logical not operator for the expression.

Note

   Settings are not restored when you leave the mailbox. For example, a
   command action to perform is to change the sorting method based upon
   the mailbox being read:
folder-hook work "set sort=threads"

   However, the sorting method is not restored to its previous value when
   reading a different mailbox. To specify a default command, use the
   regex "." before other folder-hooks adjusting a value on a per-folder
   basis because folder-hooks are evaluated in the order given in the
   configuration file.

Note

   The keyboard buffer will not be processed until after all hooks are
   run; multiple push or exec commands will end up being processed in
   reverse order.

   The following example will set the sort variable to date-sent for all
   folders but to threads for all folders containing "work" in their name.

   Example 3.9. Setting sort method based on mailbox name
folder-hook . "set sort=date-sent"
folder-hook work "set sort=threads"

10. Keyboard Macros

   Usage:

   macro menu [ ,menu ...] key sequence [ description ]
   unmacro { * | map | [ ,map ...]} [ key ]

   Macros are a convenient way to automate various actions.

10.1. Creating a Key Macro

   This command allows you to create a macro.

   macro menu [ ,menu ...] key sequence [ description ]

   Macros are useful when you would like a single key to perform a series
   of actions. When you press key in menu menu, NeoMutt will behave as if
   you had typed sequence. So if you have a common sequence of commands
   you type, you can create a macro to execute those commands with a
   single key or fewer keys.

   menu is the map which the macro will be bound in. Multiple maps may be
   specified by separating multiple menu arguments by commas. Whitespace
   may not be used in between the menu arguments and the commas separating
   them.

   key and sequence are expanded by the same rules as the key bindings
   with some additions. The first is that control characters in sequence
   can also be specified as ^x. In order to get a caret ("^") you need to
   use ^^. Secondly, to specify a certain key such as up or to invoke a
   function directly, you can use the format <key name> and <function
   name>. For a listing of key names see the section on key bindings.
   Functions are listed in the reference.

   The advantage with using function names directly is that the macros
   will work regardless of the current key bindings, so they are not
   dependent on the user having particular key definitions. This makes
   them more robust and portable, and also facilitates defining of macros
   in files used by more than one user (e.g., the system neomuttrc).

   Optionally you can specify a descriptive text after sequence, which is
   shown in the help screens if they contain a description.

Note

   Macro definitions (if any) listed in the help screen(s), are silently
   truncated at the screen width, and are not wrapped.

10.2. Removing a Key Macro

   This command will remove a macro.

   unmacro menu [ ,menu ...] key sequence

   menu specifies from which menus the macro should be removed. Multiple
   menus may be specified by separating them with commas (no additional
   whitespace is allowed). If * is given, then the macro is removed from
   all menus. Valid menu names and their description are listed in the
   bind section.

   key is the key or key sequence to be unbound. It may be omitted in
   which case all macros in the given menus are removed.

Note

   Missing key sequence in unmacro command means unmacro all macros in
   menus given in menu.

11. Using Color and Mono Video Attributes

   Usage:

   color object [ attribute ...] foreground background
   color pattern-object [ attribute ...] foreground background pattern
   color regex-object [ attribute ...] foreground background regex
   color status [ attribute ...] foreground background [ regex [ num ]]
   uncolor object
   uncolor pattern-object { pattern | * }
   uncolor regex-object { regex | * }
   uncolor status { regex | * }

   If your terminal supports color, you can spice up NeoMutt by creating
   your own color scheme.

Note

   The config variable $color_directcolor must be set to its final value
   before using any color command.

   The types of objects that can be colored fall into two categories:
   Simple Colors such as the highlight in the index, and Color Lists such
   as the status bar. These lists can created complexing coloring rules.

11.1. Color Style

   Objects in NeoMutt can be given colors and attributes to make things
   easier to find and use.

Note

   Objects must be given both a foreground and background color (it is not
   possible to specify one or the other). Note that default can be used as
   transparent color (see below).

   Colors can be specified in up to three ways, using their name such as
   green, blue; by their number in the palette, such as color12, color207
   (the palette consists of the 256 Xterm colors); or by using hexadecimal
   RGB codes #RRGGBB, where RR, GG, BB are the red, green, and blue
   components given as a hexadecimal number between 00 and FF (=255), e.g.
   #00FFFF (bright cyan) or #12af84 (greenish). The last syntax is only
   accepted if $color_directcolor is set.

   Named colours may also be prefixed by a modifier. bright or light will
   make the color boldfaced or light (e.g., brightred). alert to make a
   blinking/alert color (e.g., alertred).

   The precise behavior depends on the terminal and its configuration. In
   particular, the boldfaced/light difference and such background colors
   may be available only for terminals configured with at least 16 colors,
   as specified by the $TERM environment variable.

   foreground and background can be one of the following:
     * white
     * black
     * green
     * magenta
     * blue
     * cyan
     * yellow
     * red
     * default

   In addition to the colors, objects may have their attributes set:
     * none
     * bold
     * italic
     * reverse
     * standout
     * underline

   If your terminal supports it, the special keyword default can be used
   as a transparent color. In this case default can be used to only set
   the foreground or background color. The following sets the foreground
   and background color individually: the first command leaves the
   foreground untouched while the second one leaves the background
   untouched:
# Make error messages white text on a red background
color error default red
color error white   default

   On startup NeoMutt tries to detect whether the terminal it is running
   in supports directcolor (aka TrueColor aka 24-bit color). If the
   terminal does, NeoMutt enables the config variable $color_directcolor
   otherwise it disables it. Furthermore, NeoMutt allows to use the RGB
   colors syntax with the color command to colour elements with 24-bit
   colors.

   For the detection to work the TERM environment variable must be set up
   properly to advertise the terminals directcolor capability. TERM-values
   which do that usually end in -direct, e.g. xterm-direct.

   If NeoMutt does not detect directcolor color support, but you are sure
   your terminal supports it, you may try to explicitly set the TERM
   environment variable by starting NeoMutt from the terminal as follows:
TERM=xterm-direct neomutt

   If that still does not help, you can additionally force NeoMutt to use
   directcolors by setting $color_directcolor. Setting this variable
   manually is strongly discouraged since it usually leads to wrong
   colors.

11.2. Simple Colors

   Most of NeoMutt's colorable objects follow simple rules. They don't use
   a pattern and any new configuration will overwrite the old colours.

   Simple colors can be undone by setting the foreground and background to
   default, or by using the uncolor command.

   These are general NeoMutt objects:

   Table 3.7. Simple Colours
   Colour Name                          Description
   attachment  Colour for attachment headers
   bold        Highlighting bold patterns in the body of messages
   error       Error messages printed by NeoMutt
   hdrdefault  Default colour of the message header in the pager
   indicator   Arrow or bar used to indicate the current item in a menu
   markers     The "+" markers at the beginning of wrapped lines in the pager
   message     Informational messages
   normal      Default colour for all text
   options     The key letters in multi-choice questions
   progress    Visual progress bar
   prompt      A question
   search      Highlighting of words in the pager
   signature   Email's signature lines (.sig)
   tilde       The "~" used to pad blank lines in the pager
   tree        Thread tree drawn in the message index and attachment menu
   underline   Highlighting underlined patterns in the body of messages
   warning     Warning messages
# Make error messages white text on a red background
color error white red
# Make questions bold, underlined, with light blue text (with default background
)
color prompt bold underline cyan default

uncolor error
uncolor prompt

   These are sidebar objects. See Sidebar Intro for more details.

   Table 3.8. Simple Sidebar Colours
   Colour Name Description
   sidebar_background The entire sidebar panel
   sidebar_divider The dividing line between the Sidebar and the
   Index/Pager panels
   sidebar_flagged Mailboxes containing flagged mail
   sidebar_highlight Cursor to select a mailbox
   sidebar_indicator The mailbox open in the Index panel
   sidebar_new Mailboxes containing new mail
   sidebar_ordinary Mailboxes that have no new/flagged mails, etc
   sidebar_spool_file Mailbox that receives incoming mail
   sidebar_unread Mailboxes containing unread mail
color sidebar_divider brightblack default

uncolor sidebar_divider

   These are compose objects.

   Table 3.9. Simple Compose Colours
         Colour Name                    Description
   compose_header           Header labels, e.g. From:
   compose_security_encrypt Mail will be encrypted
   compose_security_sign    Mail will be signed
   compose_security_both    Mail will be encrypted and signed
   compose_security_none    Mail will not be encrypted or signed
color compose_header bold white default

uncolor compose_header

   The quoted objects refer to quoted lines in an email reply. They are
   defined using the $reply_regex config variable.

   The quoted email colours don't use pattern. The first colour, quoted
   provides a default colour for all quoted text. Also, each different
   level of quoting can be given a different colour using, quoted1,
   quoted2, quoted3 up to quoted9.

   Table 3.10. Quoted Email Colours
   Colour Name                     Description
   quoted      Text matching $quote_regex in the body of a message
   quoted1     1 level deeper quoted text, e.g. > > text
   quoted2     2 level deeper quoted text, e.g. > > > text
   ...         ...
   quoted9     9 level deeper quoted text
color quoted brightblue default
color quoted1 brightgreen default
color quoted2 yellow default

uncolor quoted
uncolor quoted1
uncolor quoted2

11.3. Color Lists

   Some objects in NeoMutt support lists of color rules. Each rule has a
   pattern and a color. Each is checked in turn and any matching rules are
   applied cumulatively (overlaid).

   When applying the colours, each pattern will be tested against the
   field to be colored. All of the matching patterns will have their
   colors applied in the order they are configured.

   The color lists work in slightly different ways to each other.

   attach_headers, body and header match a regular expression (regex) in
   the header/body of a email.

   index objects match a pattern in the email index (see Section 3,
   "Patterns: Searching, Limiting and Tagging") Note that IMAP server-side
   searches (=b, =B, =h) are not supported for color index patterns.

   When $header_color_partial is unset (the default), a header matched by
   regex will have color applied to the entire header. When set, color is
   applied only to the exact text matched by regex.

   For the status list, the regular expression is optional. Without one,
   the command will set the default style for the status bar. With a regex
   (and an optional number), it's possible to style parts of the status
   bar. See: Status-Color feature for more detail.

   Color lists can be undone by using the uncolor command and the pattern
   or * to match.

   Table 3.11. Colour Regex Lists
     Colour Name    Match                   Description
   attach_headers  regex   Attachment headers
   body            regex   Email body
   header          regex   Email headers
   index           pattern Default highlighting of the entire index line
   index_author    pattern Author in the index: %A, %a, %F, %L, %n
   index_collapsed pattern Number of messages in a collapsed thread: %M
   index_date      pattern Date field: %d, %D, %{fmt}, %[fmt], %(fmt)
   index_flags     pattern Flags in the index: %S, %Z
   index_label     pattern Message label: %y, %Y
   index_number    pattern Message number: %C
   index_size      pattern Message size: %c, %cr, %l
   index_subject   pattern Subject in the index: %s
   index_tag       pattern Tags in the index: %G
   index_tags      pattern Transformed message tags: %g, %J
   status          regex   Status bar
# Highlight emails from work (entire line)
color index          cyan default "~f @work.com"
# Extra highlighting for the boss (just the author column)
color index_author   cyan red     "~f boss@work.com"

uncolor index          "~f @work.com"
# Clear all index_author colors
uncolor index_author   *

# Add some highlights to the body of an email
color body    bold red    default "(urgent|important)"
color body         yellow default "(warning|notice)"
# Make the label header red
color header       cyan   default "X-Label"

uncolor body    "(urgent|important)"
# Clear all body colors
uncolor body    *
uncolor header  "X-Label"

# Set the default color for the entire status line
color status blue white
# Highlight New, Deleted, or Flagged emails
color status brightred white '(New|Del|Flag):[0-9]+'
# Highlight the contents of the []s but not the [] themselves
color status red default '\[([^]]+)\]' 1

uncolor status '(New|Del|Flag):[0-9]+'
uncolor status *

11.4. Mono Color

   If your terminal does not support color, it is still possible change
   the video attributes through the use of the "mono" command. Usage:

   mono object attribute
   mono { header | body } attribute regex
   mono index-object attribute pattern
   unmono { index-object | header | body } { * | pattern ... }

   For object and attribute, see the color command.

12. Message Header Display

12.1. Header Display

   When displaying a message in the pager, NeoMutt folds long header lines
   at $wrap columns. Though there're precise rules about where to break
   and how, NeoMutt always folds headers using a tab for readability.
   (Note that the sending side is not affected by this, NeoMutt tries to
   implement standards compliant folding.)

   Despite not being a real header, NeoMutt will also display an mbox
   "From_" line in the pager along with other headers. This line can be
   manipulated with ignore/unignore and hdr_order/unhdr_order commands.

12.2. Selecting Headers

   Usage:

   ignore string [ string ...]
   unignore { * | string ... }

   Messages often have many header fields added by automatic processing
   systems, or which may not seem useful to display on the screen. This
   command allows you to specify header fields which you don't normally
   want to see in the pager.

   You do not need to specify the full header field name. For example,
   "ignore content-" will ignore all header fields that begin with the
   string "content-". "ignore *" will ignore all headers.

   To remove a previously added token from the list, use the "unignore"
   command. The "unignore" command will make NeoMutt display headers
   matching the given string. For example, if you do "ignore x-" it is
   possible to "unignore x-mailer".

   "unignore *" will remove all tokens from the ignore list.

   Example 3.10. Header weeding
# Sven's draconian header weeding
ignore *
unignore from date subject to cc
unignore organization organisation x-mailer: x-newsreader: x-mailing-list:
unignore posted-to:

   The above example will show "From:" headers as well as mbox "From_"
   lines. To hide the latter, instead use "unignore from: date subject to
   cc" on the second line.

12.3. Ordering Displayed Headers

   Usage:

   hdr_order header [ header ...]
   unhdr_order { * | header ... }

   With the hdr_order command you can specify an order in which NeoMutt
   will attempt to present these headers to you when viewing messages.

   "unhdr_order*" will clear all previous headers from the order list,
   thus removing the header order effects set by the system-wide startup
   file.

   Example 3.11. Configuring header display order
hdr_order From Date: From: To: Cc: Subject:

13. Alternative Addresses

   Usage:

   alternates [ -group name ...] regex [ regex ...]
   unalternates [ -group name ...] { * | regex ... }

   With various functions, NeoMutt will treat messages differently,
   depending on whether you sent them or whether you received them from
   someone else. For instance, when replying to a message that you sent to
   a different party, NeoMutt will automatically suggest to send the
   response to the original message's recipients - responding to yourself
   won't make much sense in many cases. (See $reply_to.)

   Many users receive e-mail under a number of different addresses. To
   fully use NeoMutt's features here, the program must be able to
   recognize what e-mail addresses you receive mail under. That's the
   purpose of the alternates command: It takes a list of regular
   expressions, each of which can identify an address under which you
   receive e-mail.

   As addresses are matched using regular expressions and not exact strict
   comparisons, you should make sure you specify your addresses as precise
   as possible to avoid mismatches. For example, if you specify:
alternates user@example

   NeoMutt will consider "some-user@example" as being your address, too
   which may not be desired. As a solution, in such cases addresses should
   be specified as:
alternates '^user@example$'

   The -group flag causes all of the subsequent regular expressions to be
   added to the named group.

   The unalternates command can be used to write exceptions to alternates
   regex. If an address matches something in an alternates command, but
   you nonetheless do not think it is from you, you can list a more
   precise regex under an unalternates command.

   To remove a regular expression from the alternates list, use the
   unalternates command with exactly the same regex. Likewise, if the
   regex for an alternates command matches an entry on the unalternates
   list, that unalternates entry will be removed. If the regex for
   unalternates is "*", all entries on alternates will be removed.

14. Mailing Lists

   Usage:

   lists [ -group name ...] regex [ regex ...]
   unlists { * | regex ... }
   subscribe [ -group name ...] regex [ regex ...]
   unsubscribe { * | regex ... }

   NeoMutt has a few nice features for handling mailing lists. In order to
   take advantage of them, you must specify which addresses belong to
   mailing lists, and which mailing lists you are subscribed to. NeoMutt
   also has limited support for auto-detecting mailing lists: it supports
   parsing mailto: links in the common List-Post: header which has the
   same effect as specifying the list address via the lists command
   (except the group feature). Once you have done this, the <list-reply>
   function will work for all known lists. Additionally, when you send a
   message to a known list and $followup_to is set, NeoMutt will add a
   Mail-Followup-To header. For unsubscribed lists, this will include your
   personal address, ensuring you receive a copy of replies. For
   subscribed mailing lists, the header will not, telling other users'
   mail user agents not to send copies of replies to your personal
   address.

Note

   The Mail-Followup-To header is a non-standard extension which is not
   supported by all mail user agents. Adding it is not bullet-proof
   against receiving personal CCs of list messages. Also note that the
   generation of the Mail-Followup-To header is controlled by the
   $followup_to configuration variable since it's common practice on some
   mailing lists to send Cc upon replies (which is more a group- than a
   list-reply).

   More precisely, NeoMutt maintains lists of regular expressions for the
   addresses of known and subscribed mailing lists. Every subscribed
   mailing list is known. To mark a mailing list as known, use the list
   command. To mark it as subscribed, use subscribe.

   You can use regular expressions with both commands. To mark all
   messages sent to a specific bug report's address on Debian's bug
   tracking system as list mail, for instance, you could say
subscribe [0-9]+.*@bugs.debian.org

   as it's often sufficient to just give a portion of the list's e-mail
   address.

   Specify as much of the address as you need to to remove ambiguity. For
   example, if you've subscribed to the NeoMutt mailing list, you will
   receive mail addressed to neomutt-users@neomutt.org. So, to tell
   NeoMutt that this is a mailing list, you could add lists neomutt-users@
   to your initialization file. To tell NeoMutt that you are subscribed to
   it, add subscribe neomutt-users to your initialization file instead. If
   you also happen to get mail from someone whose address is
   neomutt-users@example.com, you could use lists
   ^neomutt-users@neomutt\\.org$ or subscribe
   ^neomutt-users@neomutt\\.org$ to match only mail from the actual list.

   The -group flag adds all of the subsequent regular expressions to the
   named address group in addition to adding to the specified address
   list.

   The "unlists" command is used to remove a token from the list of known
   and subscribed mailing-lists. Use "unlists *" to remove all tokens.

   To remove a mailing list from the list of subscribed mailing lists, but
   keep it on the list of known mailing lists, use unsubscribe.

15. Using Multiple Spool Mailboxes

   Usage:

   mbox-hook [ -noregex ] regex mailbox

   This command is used to move read messages from a specified mailbox to
   a different mailbox automatically when you quit or change folders.
   regex is used to specifying the mailbox to treat as a "spool" mailbox
   and mailbox specifies where mail should be saved when read. The
   -noregex switch controls whether regex is matched using a simple string
   comparison or a full regex match.

   The regex parameter has mailbox shortcut expansion performed on the
   first character. See Mailbox Matching in Hooks for more details.

   Note that execution of mbox-hooks is dependent on the $move
   configuration variable. If set to "no" (the default), mbox-hooks will
   not be executed.

   Unlike some of the other hook commands, only the first matching regex
   is used (it is not possible to save read mail in more than a single
   mailbox).

16. Monitoring Incoming Mail

   Usage:

   mailboxes [ [ -label label | -nolabel ] [ -notify | -nonotify ] [ -poll
   | -nopoll ] mailbox ] [...]
   named-mailboxes label mailbox { label mailbox ...}
   unmailboxes { * | mailbox ... }

   This command specifies folders which can receive mail and which will be
   checked for new messages periodically.

   The -label argument can be used to specify an alternative label to
   print in the sidebar or mailbox browser instead of the mailbox path. A
   label may be removed via the -nolabel argument. If unspecified, an
   existing mailbox label will be unchanged.

   Use -nonotify to disable notifying when new mail arrives. The -notify
   argument can be used to re-enable notifying for an existing mailbox. If
   unspecified: a new mailbox will notify by default, while an existing
   mailbox will be unchanged.

   To disable polling, specify -nopoll before the mailbox name. The -poll
   argument can be used to re-enable polling for an existing mailbox. If
   unspecified: a new mailbox will poll by default, while an existing
   mailbox will be unchanged.

   folder can either be a local file or directory (Mbox/Mmdf or
   Maildir/Mh). If NeoMutt was built with POP and/or IMAP support, folder
   can also be a POP/IMAP folder URL. The URL syntax is described in
   Section 1.2, "URL Syntax", POP and IMAP are described in Section 3,
   "POP3 Support" and Section 4, "IMAP Support" respectively.

   NeoMutt provides a number of advanced features for handling (possibly
   many) folders and new mail within them, please refer to Section 13,
   "New Mail Detection" for details (including in what situations and how
   often NeoMutt checks for new mail). Additionally, $new_mail_command can
   be used to run a command when new mail is detected.

   The "unmailboxes" command is used to remove a token from the list of
   folders which receive mail. "unmailboxes" can be used on the mailbox
   path, "$folder"-abbreviated path, or description. Use "unmailboxes *"
   to remove all tokens.

Note

   The folders in the mailboxes command are resolved when the command is
   executed, so if these names contain shortcut characters (such as "="
   and "!"), any variable definition that affects these characters (like
   $folder and $spool_file) should be set before the mailboxes command. If
   none of these shortcuts are used, a local path should be absolute as
   otherwise NeoMutt tries to find it relative to the directory from where
   NeoMutt was started which may not always be desired.

17. User-Defined Headers

   Usage:

   my_hdr string
   unmy_hdr { * | field ... }

   The my_hdr command allows you to create your own header fields which
   will be added to every message you send and appear in the editor if
   $edit_headers is set.

   For example, if you would like to add an "Organization:" header field
   to all of your outgoing messages, you can put the command something
   like shown in Example 3.12, "Defining custom headers" in your
   .neomuttrc.

   Example 3.12. Defining custom headers
my_hdr Organization: A Really Big Company, Anytown, USA

Note

   Space characters are not allowed between the keyword and the colon
   (":"). The standard for electronic mail (RFC2822) says that space is
   illegal there, so NeoMutt enforces the rule.

   If you would like to add a header field to a single message, you should
   either set the $edit_headers variable, or use the <edit-headers>
   function (default: "E") in the compose menu so that you can edit the
   header of your message along with the body.

   To remove user defined header fields, use the unmy_hdr command. You may
   specify an asterisk ("*") to remove all header fields, or the fields to
   remove. For example, to remove all "To" and "Cc" header fields, you
   could use:
unmy_hdr to cc

18. Specify Default Fcc: and/or Save Mailbox

   Usage:

   fcc-save-hook pattern mailbox
   fcc-hook pattern mailbox
   save-hook pattern mailbox

   fcc-save-hook is a shortcut, equivalent to doing both a fcc-hook and a
   save-hook with its arguments, including %-expansion on mailbox
   according to $index_format.

   If the pattern is a plain string, or a regex, it will be expanded to a
   pattern using $default_hook.

   fcc-hook is used to save outgoing mail in a mailbox other than $record.
   NeoMutt searches the initial list of message recipients for the first
   matching pattern and uses mailbox as the default "Fcc:" mailbox. If no
   match is found the message will be saved to $record mailbox.
fcc-hook [@.]aol\\.com$ +spammers

   ...will save a copy of all messages going to the aol.com domain to the
   "+spammers" mailbox by default.

   save-hook is used to override the default mailbox used when saving
   messages. mailbox will be used as the default if the message matches
   pattern.

   Example 3.13. Using %-expandos in save-hook
# default: save all to ~/Mail/<author name>
save-hook . ~/Mail/%F
# save from john@turing.ox.ac.uk and john@ox.ac.uk to $folder/smith
save-hook john@(turing\\.)?ox\\.ac\\.uk$ +smith
# save from aol.com to $folder/spam
save-hook aol\\.com$ +spam

   Also see the fcc-save-hook command.

   To provide more flexibility and good defaults, NeoMutt applies the
   expandos of $index_format to mailbox after it was expanded. See Message
   Matching in Hooks for information on the exact format of pattern.

19. Change Settings Based Upon Message Recipients

   Usage:

   reply-hook pattern command
   send-hook pattern command
   send2-hook pattern command

   These commands can be used to execute arbitrary configuration commands
   based upon recipients of the message. pattern is used to match the
   message, see Message Matching in Hooks for details. command is executed
   when pattern matches.

   If the pattern is a plain string, or a regex, it will be expanded to a
   pattern using $default_hook.

   reply-hook is matched against the message you are replying to, instead
   of the message you are sending. send-hook is matched against all
   messages, both new and replies.

Note

   reply-hooks are matched before the send-hook, regardless of the order
   specified in the user's configuration file. However, you can inhibit
   send-hook in the reply case by using the pattern '! ~Q' (not replied,
   see Message Matching in Hooks) in the send-hook to tell when reply-hook
   have been executed.

   send2-hook is matched every time a message is changed, either by
   editing it, or by using the compose menu to change its recipients or
   subject. send2-hook is executed after send-hook, and can, e.g., be used
   to set parameters such as the $sendmail variable depending on the
   message's sender address.

   For each type of send-hook or reply-hook, when multiple matches occur,
   commands are executed in the order they are specified in the .neomuttrc
   (for that type of hook).

   Example: send-hook work "set mime_forward signature=''"

   Another typical use for this command is to change the values of the
   $attribution_intro, $attribution_locale, and $signature variables in
   order to change the language of the attributions and signatures based
   upon the recipients.

Note

   send-hook's are only executed once after getting the initial list of
   recipients. They are not executed when resuming a postponed draft.
   Adding a recipient after replying or editing the message will not cause
   any send-hook to be executed, similarly if $auto_edit is set (as then
   the initial list of recipients is empty). Also note that my_hdr
   commands which modify recipient headers, or the message's subject,
   don't have any effect on the current message when executed from a
   send-hook.

20. Change Settings Before Formatting a Message

   Usage:

   message-hook pattern command

   This command can be used to execute arbitrary configuration commands
   before viewing or formatting a message based upon information about the
   message. command is executed if the pattern matches the message to be
   displayed. When multiple matches occur, commands are executed in the
   order they are specified in the .neomuttrc.

   If the pattern is a plain string, or a regex, it will be expanded to a
   pattern using $default_hook.

   See Message Matching in Hooks for information on the exact format of
   pattern.

   Example:
message-hook ~A 'set pager=""'
message-hook '~f freshmeat-news' 'set pager="less \"+/^  subject: .*\""'

21. Choosing the Cryptographic Key of the Recipient

   Usage:

   crypt-hook regex keyid

   When encrypting messages with PGP/GnuPG or OpenSSL, you may want to
   associate a certain key with a given e-mail address automatically,
   either because the recipient's public key can't be deduced from the
   destination address, or because, for some reasons, you need to override
   the key NeoMutt would normally use. The crypt-hook command provides a
   method by which you can specify the ID of the public key to be used
   when encrypting messages to a certain recipient. You may use multiple
   crypt-hooks with the same regex; multiple matching crypt-hooks result
   in the use of multiple keyids for a recipient. During key selection,
   NeoMutt will confirm whether each crypt-hook is to be used (unless the
   $crypt_confirm_hook option is unset). If all crypt-hooks for a
   recipient are declined, NeoMutt will use the original recipient address
   for key selection instead.

   The meaning of keyid is to be taken broadly in this context: You can
   either put a numerical key ID or fingerprint here, an e-mail address,
   or even just a real name.

22. Dynamically Changing $index_format using Patterns

   Usage:

   index-format-hook name [!]pattern format-string

   This command is used to inject format strings dynamically into
   $index_format based on pattern matching against the current message.

   If the pattern is a plain string, or a regex, it will be expanded to a
   pattern using $default_hook.

   The $index_format expando %@name@ specifies a placeholder for the
   injection. Index-format-hooks with the same name are matched using
   pattern against the current message. Matching is done in the order
   specified in the .muttrc, with the first match being used. The hook's
   format-string is then substituted and evaluated.

   Because the first match is used, best practice is to put a catch-all ~A
   pattern as the last hook. Here is an example showing how to implement
   dynamic date formatting:
set index_format="%4C %-6@date@ %-15.15F %Z (%4c) %s"

index-format-hook  date  "~d<1d"    "%[%H:%M]"
index-format-hook  date  "~d<1m"    "%[%a %d]"
index-format-hook  date  "~d<1y"    "%[%b %d]"
index-format-hook  date  "~A"       "%[%m/%y]"

   Another example, showing a way to prepend to the subject. Note that
   without a catch-all ~A pattern, no match results in the expando being
   replaced with an empty string.
set index_format="%4C %@subj_flags@%s"

index-format-hook  subj_flags  "~f boss@example.com"    "** BOSS ** "
index-format-hook  subj_flags  "~f spouse@example.com"  ":-) "

23. Adding Key Sequences to the Keyboard Buffer

   Usage:

   push string

   This command adds the named string to the beginning of the keyboard
   buffer. The string may contain control characters, key names and
   function names like the sequence string in the macro command. You may
   use it to automatically run a sequence of commands at startup, or when
   entering certain folders. For example, Example 3.14, "Embedding push in
   folder-hook" shows how to automatically collapse all threads when
   entering a folder.

   Example 3.14. Embedding push in folder-hook
folder-hook . 'push <collapse-all>'

   For using functions like shown in the example, it's important to use
   angle brackets ("<" and ">") to make NeoMutt recognize the input as a
   function name. Otherwise it will simulate individual just keystrokes,
   i.e. "push collapse-all" would be interpreted as if you had typed "c",
   followed by "o", followed by "l", ..., which is not desired and may
   lead to very unexpected behavior.

   Keystrokes can be used, too, but are less portable because of
   potentially changed key bindings. With default bindings, this is
   equivalent to the above example:
folder-hook . 'push \eV'

   because it simulates that Esc+V was pressed (which is the default
   binding of <collapse-all>).

24. Executing Functions

   Usage:

   exec function [ function ...]

   This command can be used to execute any function. Functions are listed
   in the function reference. "exec function" is equivalent to "push
   <function>".

25. Message Scoring

   Usage:

   score pattern value
   unscore { * | pattern ... }

   The score commands adds value to a message's score if pattern matches
   it. pattern is a string in the format described in the patterns section
   (note: For efficiency reasons, patterns which scan information not
   available in the index, such as ~b, ~B, ~h, ~M, or ~X may not be used).
   value is a positive or negative integer. A message's final score is the
   sum total of all matching score entries. However, you may optionally
   prefix value with an equal sign ("=") to cause evaluation to stop at a
   particular entry if there is a match. Negative final scores are rounded
   up to 0.

   The unscore command removes score entries from the list. You must
   specify the same pattern specified in the score command for it to be
   removed. The pattern "*" is a special token which means to clear the
   list of all score entries.

   Scoring occurs as the messages are read in, before the mailbox is
   sorted. Because of this, patterns which depend on threading, such as
   ~=, ~$, and ~(), will not work by default. A workaround is to push the
   scoring command in a folder hook. This will cause the mailbox to be
   rescored after it is opened and input starts being processed:
folder-hook . 'push "<enter-command>score ~= 10<enter>"'

26. Spam Detection

   Usage:

   spam regex format
   nospam { * | regex }

   NeoMutt has generalized support for external spam-scoring filters. By
   defining your spam regular expressions with the spam and nospam
   commands, you can limit, search, and sort your mail based on its spam
   attributes, as determined by the external filter. You also can display
   the spam attributes in your index display using the %H selector in the
   $index_format variable. (Tip: try %<H?[%H] > to display spam tags only
   when they are defined for a given message.)

   Note: the value displayed by %H and searched by ~H is stored in the
   header cache. NeoMutt isn't smart enough to invalidate a header cache
   entry based on changing spam rules, so if you aren't seeing correct %H
   values, try temporarily turning off the header cache. If that fixes the
   problem, then once your spam rules are set to your liking, remove your
   stale header cache files and turn the header cache back on.

   Your first step is to define your external filter's spam headers using
   the spam command. regex should be a regular expression that matches a
   header in a mail message. If any message in the mailbox matches this
   regular expression, it will receive a "spam tag" or "spam attribute"
   (unless it also matches a nospam regular expression - see below.) The
   appearance of this attribute is entirely up to you, and is governed by
   the format parameter. format can be any static text, but it also can
   include back-references from the regex expression. (A regular
   expression "back-reference" refers to a sub-expression contained within
   parentheses.) %1 is replaced with the first back-reference in the
   regex, %2 with the second, etc.

   To match spam tags, NeoMutt needs the corresponding header information
   which is always the case for local and POP folders but not for IMAP in
   the default configuration. Depending on the spam header to be analyzed,
   $imap_headers may need to be adjusted.

   If you're using multiple spam filters, a message can have more than one
   spam-related header. You can define spam rules for each filter you use.
   If a message matches two or more of these regular expressions, and the
   $spam_separator variable is set to a string, then the message's spam
   tag will consist of all the format strings joined together, with the
   value of $spam_separator separating them.

   For example, suppose one uses DCC, SpamAssassin, and PureMessage, then
   the configuration might look like in Example 3.15, "Configuring spam
   detection".

   Example 3.15. Configuring spam detection
spam "X-DCC-.*-Metrics:.*(....)=many"         "90+/DCC-%1"
spam "X-Spam-Status: Yes"                     "90+/SA"
spam "X-PerlMX-Spam: .*Probability=([0-9]+)%" "%1/PM"
set spam_separator=", "

   If then a message is received that DCC registered with "many" hits
   under the "Fuz2" checksum, and that PureMessage registered with a 97%
   probability of being spam, that message's spam tag would read
   90+/DCC-Fuz2, 97/PM. (The four characters before "=many" in a DCC
   report indicate the checksum used - in this case, "Fuz2".)

   If the $spam_separator variable is unset, then each spam rule match
   supersedes the previous one. Instead of getting joined format strings,
   you'll get only the last one to match.

   The spam tag is what will be displayed in the index when you use %H in
   the $index_format variable. It's also the string that the ~H
   pattern-matching expression matches against for <search> and <limit>
   functions. And it's what sorting by spam attribute will use as a sort
   key.

   That's a pretty complicated example, and most people's actual
   environments will have only one spam filter. The simpler your
   configuration, the more effective NeoMutt can be, especially when it
   comes to sorting.

   Generally, when you sort by spam tag, NeoMutt will sort lexically -
   that is, by ordering strings alphanumerically. However, if a spam tag
   begins with a number, NeoMutt will sort numerically first, and
   lexically only when two numbers are equal in value. (This is like
   UNIX's sort -n.) A message with no spam attributes at all - that is,
   one that didn't match any of your spam rules - is sorted at lowest
   priority. Numbers are sorted next, beginning with 0 and ranging upward.
   Finally, non-numeric strings are sorted, with "a" taking lower priority
   than "z". Clearly, in general, sorting by spam tags is most effective
   when you can coerce your filter to give you a raw number. But in case
   you can't, NeoMutt can still do something useful.

   The nospam command can be used to write exceptions to spam rules. If a
   header field matches something in a spam command, but you nonetheless
   do not want it to receive a spam tag, you can list a more precise
   regular expression under a nospam command.

   If the regex given to nospam is exactly the same as the regex on an
   existing spam rule entry, the effect will be to remove the entry from
   the spam rules list, instead of adding an exception. Likewise, if the
   regex for a spam command matches an entry on the nospam rule list, that
   nospam entry will be removed. If the regex for nospam is "*", all
   entries on both lists will be removed. This might be the default action
   if you use spam and nospam in conjunction with a folder-hook.

   You can have as many spam or nospam commands as you like. You can even
   do your own primitive spam detection within NeoMutt - for example, if
   you consider all mail from MAILER-DAEMON to be spam, you can use a spam
   command like this:
spam "^From: .*MAILER-DAEMON"       "999"

27. Setting and Querying Variables

27.1. Variable Types

   NeoMutt supports these types of configuration variables:

   boolean
          A boolean expression, either "yes" or "no".

   number
          A signed integer number in the range -32768 to 32767.

   number (long)
          A signed integer number in the range -2147483648 to 2147483647.

   string
          Arbitrary text.

   path
          A specialized string for representing paths including support
          for mailbox shortcuts (see Section 10, "Mailbox Shortcuts") as
          well as tilde ("~") for a user's home directory and more.

   quadoption
          Like a boolean but triggers a prompt when set to "ask-yes" or
          "ask-no" with "yes" and "no" preselected respectively.

   sort order
          A specialized string allowing only particular words as values
          depending on the variable.

   regular expression
          A regular expression, see Section 2, "Regular Expressions" for
          an introduction.

   folder type
          Specifies the type of folder to use: mbox, mmdf, mh or maildir.
          Currently only used to determine the type for newly created
          folders.

   e-mail address
          An email address either with or without real_name. The older
          "user@example.org (Joe User)" form is supported but strongly
          deprecated.

   user-defined
          Arbitrary text, see Section 27.3, "User-Defined Variables" for
          details.

27.2. Commands

   The following commands are available to manipulate and query variables:

   Usage:

   set { [ no | inv | & | ? ] variable } [...]
   set { variable=value | variable+=increment | variable-=decrement }
   [...]
   unset variable [ variable ...]
   reset variable [ variable ...]
   toggle variable [ variable ...]
   set variable ?

   This command is used to set (and unset) configuration variables. There
   are several basic types of variables: boolean, number, string, string
   list and quadoption. boolean variables can be set (true) or unset
   (false). number variables can be assigned a positive integer value. The
   value of numeric variables can be incremented += and decremented -=.
   String list variables use += for appending to the string list and -=
   for removal from the string list. string variables consist of any
   number of printable characters and must be enclosed in quotes if they
   contain spaces or tabs. You may also use the escape sequences "\n" and
   "\t" for newline and tab, respectively. Content of a string variable
   can be extended using +=. quadoption variables are used to control
   whether or not to be prompted for certain actions, or to specify a
   default action. A value of yes will cause the action to be carried out
   automatically as if you had answered yes to the question. Similarly, a
   value of no will cause the action to be carried out as if you had
   answered "no." A value of ask-yes will cause a prompt with a default
   answer of "yes" and ask-no will provide a default answer of "no."

   Prefixing a variable with "no" will unset it. Example: set noask_bcc.

   For boolean variables, you may optionally prefix the variable name with
   inv to toggle the value (on or off). This is useful when writing
   macros. Example: set invsmart_wrap.

   The toggle command automatically prepends the inv prefix to all
   specified variables.

   The unset command automatically prepends the no prefix to all specified
   variables.

   Using the <enter-command> function in the index menu, you can query the
   value of a variable by suffixing the name of the variable with a
   question mark:
set allow_8bit?

   The old prefix query syntax (set ?allow_8bit) is also still supported.

   The question mark is actually only required for boolean and quadoption
   variables.

   The reset command resets all given variables to the compile time
   defaults (hopefully mentioned in this manual). If you use the command
   set and prefix the variable with "&" this has the same behavior as the
   reset command.

   With the reset command there exists the special variable "all", which
   allows you to reset all variables to their system defaults.

27.3. User-Defined Variables

27.3.1. Introduction

   Along with the variables listed in the Configuration variables section,
   NeoMutt supports user-defined variables with names starting with my_ as
   in, for example, my_cfgdir.

   The set command either creates a custom my_ variable or changes its
   value if it exists already. Use of += will adjust a custom variable
   using the same behavior as a string variable, by appending additional
   characters (this is true even if the current contents of the variable
   resemble an integer, which is different than the behavior of += on
   built-in numeric variables). The unset and reset commands remove the
   variable entirely.

   Since user-defined variables are expanded in the same way that
   environment variables are (except for the shell-escape command and
   backtick expansion), this feature can be used to make configuration
   files more readable.

27.3.2. Examples

   The following example defines and uses the variable my_cfgdir to
   abbreviate the calls of the source command:

   Example 3.16. Using user-defined variables for config file readability
set my_cfgdir = $HOME/neomutt/config
source $my_cfgdir/hooks $my_cfgdir/macros
# more source commands...

   A custom variable can also be used in macros to backup the current
   value of another variable. In the following example, the value of the
   $delete is changed temporarily while its original value is saved as
   my_delete. After the macro has executed all commands, the original
   value of $delete is restored.

   Example 3.17. Using user-defined variables for backing up other config
   option values
macro pager ,x '\
<enter-command>set my_delete=$delete<enter>\
<enter-command>set delete=yes<enter>\
...\
<enter-command>set delete=$my_delete<enter>'

   Since NeoMutt expands such values already when parsing the
   configuration file(s), the value of $my_delete in the last example
   would be the value of $delete exactly as it was at that point during
   parsing the configuration file. If another statement would change the
   value for $delete later in the same or another file, it would have no
   effect on $my_delete. However, the expansion can be deferred to
   runtime, as shown in the next example, when escaping the dollar sign.

   Example 3.18. Deferring user-defined variable expansion to runtime
macro pager <PageDown> "\
<enter-command> set my_old_pager_stop=\$pager_stop pager_stop<Enter>\
<next-page>\
<enter-command> set pager_stop=\$my_old_pager_stop<Enter>\
<enter-command> unset my_old_pager_stop<Enter>"

   Note that there is a space between <enter-command> and the set
   configuration command, preventing NeoMutt from recording the macro's
   commands into its history.

27.4. Type Conversions

   Variables are always assigned string values which NeoMutt parses into
   its internal representation according to the type of the variable, for
   example an integer number for numeric types. For all queries (including
   $-expansion) the value is converted from its internal type back into
   string. As a result, any variable can be assigned any value given that
   its content is valid for the target. This also counts for custom
   variables which are of type string. In case of parsing errors, NeoMutt
   will print error messages. Example 3.19, "Type conversions using
   variables" demonstrates type conversions.

   Example 3.19. Type conversions using variables
set my_lines = "5"                # value is string "5"
set pager_index_lines = $my_lines # value is integer 5
set my_sort = "date-received"     # value is string "date-received"
set sort = "last-$my_sort"        # value is sort last-date-received
set my_inc = $read_inc            # value is string "10" (default of $read_inc)
set my_foo = $my_inc              # value is string "10"

   These assignments are all valid. If, however, the value of $my_lines
   would have been "five" (or something else that cannot be parsed into a
   number), the assignment to $pager_index_lines would have produced an
   error message.

   Type conversion applies to all configuration commands which take
   arguments. But please note that every expanded value of a variable is
   considered just a single token. A working example is:
set my_pattern = "~A"
set my_number = "10"
# same as: score ~A +10
score $my_pattern +$my_number

   What does not work is:
set my_mx = "+mailbox1 +mailbox2"
mailboxes $my_mx +mailbox3

   because the value of $my_mx is interpreted as a single mailbox named
   "+mailbox1 +mailbox2" and not two distinct mailboxes.

28. Reading Initialization Commands From Another File

   Usage:

   source filename [ filename ...]

   This command allows the inclusion of initialization commands from other
   files. For example, I place all of my aliases in ~/.mail_aliases so
   that I can make my ~/.neomuttrc readable and keep my aliases private.

   If the filename begins with a tilde ("~"), it will be expanded to the
   path of your home directory.

   If the filename is relative and the command source is executed from the
   context of a configuration file, then the filename is interpreted
   relative to the directory of that configuration file. If the command is
   executed outside of a configuration file, e.g. from the prompt, then
   the filename is interpreted relative to the current working directory
   (see cd on how to change the current working directory at runtime).

Note

   A hook remembers the configuration file it was defined in and sets the
   context to that file when executing its commands. As a result a source
   command inside a hook is executed in the context of the configuration
   file the hook was defined in. Thus relative filenames are interpreted
   relative to the configuration file the hook is defined in.

   If the filename ends with a vertical bar ("|"), then filename is
   considered to be an executable program from which to read input (e.g.
   source ~/bin/myscript|).

29. Removing Hooks

   Usage:

   unhook { * | hook-type }

   This command permits you to flush hooks you have previously defined.
   You can either remove all hooks by giving the "*" character as an
   argument, or you can remove all hooks of a specific type by saying
   something like unhook send-hook.

30. Format Strings

30.1. Basic usage

   Format strings are a general concept you'll find in several locations
   through the NeoMutt configuration, especially in the $index_format,
   $pager_format, $status_format, and other related variables. These can
   be very straightforward, and it's quite possible you already know how
   to use them.

   The most basic format string element is a percent symbol followed by
   another character. For example, %s represents a message's Subject:
   header in the $index_format variable. The "expandos" available are
   documented with each format variable, but there are general modifiers
   available with all formatting expandos, too. Those are our concern
   here.

   Some of the modifiers are borrowed right out of C (though you might
   know them from Perl, Python, shell, or another language). These are the
   [-]m.n modifiers, as in %-12.12s. As with such programming languages,
   these modifiers allow you to specify the minimum and maximum size of
   the resulting string, as well as its justification. If the "-" sign
   follows the percent, the string will be left-justified instead of
   right-justified. If there's a number immediately following that, it's
   the minimum amount of space the formatted string will occupy - if it's
   naturally smaller than that, it will be padded out with spaces. If a
   decimal point and another number follow, that's the maximum space
   allowable - the string will not be permitted to exceed that width, no
   matter its natural size. Each of these three elements is optional, so
   that all these are legal format strings: %-12s, %4c, %.15F and
   %-12.15L.

   NeoMutt adds some other modifiers to format strings. If you use an
   equals symbol (=) as a numeric prefix (like the minus above), it will
   force the string to be centered within its minimum space range. For
   example, %=14y will reserve 14 characters for the %y expansion - that's
   the set of message keywords (formerly X-Label). If the expansion
   results in a string less than 14 characters, it will be centered in a
   14-character space. If the X-Label for a message were "test", that
   expansion would look like "     test     ".

   There are two very little-known modifiers that affect the way that an
   expando is replaced. If there is an underline ("_") character between
   any format modifiers (as above) and the expando letter, it will expands
   in all lower case. And if you use a colon (":"), it will replace all
   decimal points with underlines.

30.2. Conditionals

   Depending on the format string variable, some of its sequences can be
   used to optionally print a string if their value is nonzero. For
   example, you may only want to see the number of flagged messages if
   such messages exist, since zero is not particularly meaningful. To
   optionally print a string based upon one of the above sequences, the
   following construct is used:
%<sequence_char?optional_string>

   where sequence_char is an expando, and optional_string is the string
   you would like printed if sequence_char is nonzero. optional_string may
   contain other sequences as well as normal text, but you may not nest
   optional strings.

   Here is an example illustrating how to optionally print the number of
   new messages (%n) in a mailbox in $status_format:
%<n?%n new messages>

   You can also switch between two strings using the following construct:
%<sequence_char?if_string&else_string>

   If the value of sequence_char is non-zero, if_string will be expanded,
   otherwise else_string will be expanded.

   The conditional sequences can also be nested by using the %< and >
   operators. The %? notation can still be used but requires quoting. For
   example:
%<x?true&false>
%<x?%<y?%<z?xyz&xy>&x>&none>

   For more examples, see Section 29, "Nested If Feature"

30.3. Filters

   Any format string ending in a vertical bar ("|") will be expanded and
   piped through the first word in the string, using spaces as separator.
   The string returned will be used for display. If the returned string
   ends in %, it will be passed through the formatter a second time. This
   allows the filter to generate a replacement format string including %
   expandos.

   All % expandos in a format string are expanded before the script is
   called so that:

   Example 3.20. Using external filters in format strings
set status_format="script.sh '%r %f (%L)'|"

   will make NeoMutt expand %r, %f and %L before calling the script. The
   example also shows that arguments can be quoted: the script will
   receive the expanded string between the single quotes as the only
   argument.

   A practical example is the mutt_xtitle script installed in the samples
   subdirectory of the NeoMutt documentation: it can be used as filter for
   $status_format to set the current terminal's title, if supported.

30.4. Padding

   In most format strings, NeoMutt supports different types of padding
   using special %-expandos:

   %|X
          When this occurs, NeoMutt will fill the rest of the line with
          the character X. For example, filling the rest of the line with
          dashes is done by setting:

set status_format = "%v on %h: %B: %<n?%n&no> new messages %|-"

   %>X
          Since the previous expando stops at the end of line, there must
          be a way to fill the gap between two items via the %>X expando:
          it puts as many characters X in between two items so that the
          rest of the line will be right-justified. For example, to not
          put the version string and hostname the above example on the
          left but on the right and fill the gap with spaces, one might
          use (note the space after %>):

set status_format = "%B: %<n?%n&no> new messages %> (%v on %h)"

   %*X
          Normal right-justification will print everything to the left of
          the %>, displaying padding and whatever lies to the right only
          if there's room. By contrast, "soft-fill" gives priority to the
          right-hand side, guaranteeing space to display it and showing
          padding only if there's still room. If necessary, soft-fill will
          eat text leftwards to make room for rightward text. For example,
          to right-justify the subject making sure as much as possible of
          it fits on screen, one might use (note two spaces after %*: the
          second ensures there's a space between the truncated right-hand
          side and the subject):

set index_format="%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15L (%<l?%4l&%4c>)%*  %s"

30.5. Conditional Dates

   This feature allows the format of dates in the index to vary based on
   how recent the message is. This is especially useful in combination
   with the nested-if feature.

   For example, using %<[y?%<[d?%[%H:%M]&%[%m/%d]>&%[%y.%m]> for the date
   in the $index_format will produce a display like:
   1   + 14.12 Grace Hall      (   13) Gulliver's Travels
   2   + 10/02 Callum Harrison (   48) Huckleberry Finn
   3     12:17 Rhys Lee        (   42) The Lord Of The Rings

30.6. Bytes size display

   Various format strings contain expandos that display the size of
   messages in bytes. This includes %s in $attach_format, %l in
   $compose_format, %s in $folder_format, %c and %cr in $index_format, and
   %l and %L in $status_format. There are four configuration variables
   that can be used to customize how the numbers are displayed.

   $size_show_bytes will display the number of bytes when the size is < 1
   kilobyte. When unset, kilobytes will be displayed instead.

   $size_show_mb will display the number of megabytes when the size is >=
   1 megabyte. When unset, kilobytes will be displayed instead (which
   could be a large number).

   $size_show_fractions, will display numbers with a single decimal place
   for values from 0 to 10 kilobytes, and 1 to 10 megabytes.

   $size_units_on_left will display the unit ("K" or "M") to the left of
   the number, instead of the right if unset.

   These variables also affect size display in a few other places, such as
   progress indicators and attachment delimiters in the pager.

31. Control allowed header fields in a mailto: URL

   Usage:

   mailto_allow { * | header-field ... }
   unmailto_allow { * | header-field ... }

   As a security measure, NeoMutt will only add user-approved header
   fields from a mailto: URL. This is necessary since NeoMutt will handle
   certain header fields, such as Attach:, in a special way. The
   mailto_allow and unmailto_allow commands allow the user to modify the
   list of approved headers.

   NeoMutt initializes the default list to contain only the Subject and
   Body header fields, which are the only requirement specified by the
   mailto: specification in RFC2368, and the Cc, In-Reply-To, References
   headers to aid with replies to mailing lists.

Chapter 4. Advanced Usage

   Table of Contents

   1. Character Set Handling
   2. Regular Expressions
   3. Patterns: Searching, Limiting and Tagging

        3.1. Pattern Modifier
        3.2. Simple Searches
        3.3. Nesting and Boolean Operators
        3.4. Searching by Date
        3.5. Gmail Patterns

   4. Marking Messages
   5. Using Tags
   6. Using Hooks

        6.1. Message Matching in Hooks
        6.2. Mailbox Matching in Hooks

   7. Managing the Environment
   8. External Address Queries
   9. Mailbox Formats
   10. Mailbox Shortcuts
   11. Handling Mailing Lists
   12. Display Munging
   13. New Mail Detection

        13.1. How New Mail Detection Works
        13.2. Polling For New Mail
        13.3. Monitoring New Mail
        13.4. Calculating Mailbox Message Counts

   14. Editing Threads

        14.1. Linking Threads
        14.2. Breaking Threads

   15. Delivery Status Notification (DSN) Support
   16. Start a WWW Browser on URLs
   17. Echoing Text
   18. Message Composition Flow
   19. Miscellany

1. Character Set Handling

   A "character set" is basically a mapping between bytes and glyphs and
   implies a certain character encoding scheme. For example, for the ISO
   8859 family of character sets, an encoding of 8bit per character is
   used. For the Unicode character set, different character encodings may
   be used, UTF-8 being the most popular. In UTF-8, a character is
   represented using a variable number of bytes ranging from 1 to 4.

   Since NeoMutt is a command-line tool run from a shell, and delegates
   certain tasks to external tools (such as an editor for
   composing/editing messages), all of these tools need to agree on a
   character set and encoding. There exists no way to reliably deduce the
   character set a plain text file has. Interoperability is gained by the
   use of well-defined environment variables. The full set can be printed
   by issuing locale on the command line.

   Upon startup, NeoMutt determines the character set on its own using
   routines that inspect locale-specific environment variables. Therefore,
   it is generally not necessary to set the $charset variable in NeoMutt.
   It may even be counter-productive as NeoMutt uses system and library
   functions that derive the character set themselves and on which NeoMutt
   has no influence. It's safest to let NeoMutt work out the locale setup
   itself.

   If you happen to work with several character sets on a regular basis,
   it's highly advisable to use Unicode and an UTF-8 locale. Unicode can
   represent nearly all characters in a message at the same time. When not
   using a Unicode locale, it may happen that you receive messages with
   characters not representable in your locale. When displaying such a
   message, or replying to or forwarding it, information may get lost
   possibly rendering the message unusable (not only for you but also for
   the recipient, this breakage is not reversible as lost information
   cannot be guessed).

   A Unicode locale makes all conversions superfluous which eliminates the
   risk of conversion errors. It also eliminates potentially wrong
   expectations about the character set between NeoMutt and external
   programs.

   The terminal emulator used also must be properly configured for the
   current locale. Terminal emulators usually do not derive the locale
   from environment variables, they need to be configured separately. If
   the terminal is incorrectly configured, NeoMutt may display random and
   unexpected characters (question marks, octal codes, or just random
   glyphs), format strings may not work as expected, you may not be abled
   to enter non-ascii characters, and possible more. Data is always
   represented using bytes and so a correct setup is very important as to
   the machine, all character sets "look" the same.

   Warning: A mismatch between what system and library functions think the
   locale is and what NeoMutt was told what the locale is may make it
   behave badly with non-ascii input: it will fail at seemingly random
   places. This warning is to be taken seriously since not only local mail
   handling may suffer: sent messages may carry wrong character set
   information the receiver has too deal with. The need to set $charset
   directly in most cases points at terminal and environment variable
   setup problems, not NeoMutt problems.

   A list of officially assigned and known character sets can be found at
   IANA, a list of locally supported locales can be obtained by running
   locale -a.

2. Regular Expressions

   All string patterns in NeoMutt including those in more complex patterns
   must be specified using regular expressions (regex) in the "POSIX
   extended" syntax (which is more or less the syntax used by egrep and
   GNU awk). For your convenience, we have included below a brief
   description of this syntax.

   The search is case sensitive if the regular expression contains at
   least one upper case letter, and case insensitive otherwise.

Note

   "\" must be quoted if used for a regular expression in an
   initialization command: "\\".

   A regular expression is a pattern that describes a set of strings.
   Regular expressions are constructed analogously to arithmetic
   expressions, by using various operators to combine smaller expressions.

Note

   The regular expression can be enclosed/delimited by either " or ' which
   is useful if the regular expression includes a white-space character.
   See Syntax of Initialization Files for more information on " and '
   delimiter processing. To match a literal " or ' you must preface it
   with \ (backslash).

   The fundamental building blocks are the regular expressions that match
   a single character. Most characters, including all letters and digits,
   are regular expressions that match themselves. Any metacharacter with
   special meaning may be quoted by preceding it with a backslash.

   The following matches a literal dot "." in an address:

   Example 4.1. Matching a literal dot
# no quotes
alternates only\\.dot@example\\.org

# single quotes
lists 'only\.dot@example\.org'

# Double quotes
subscribe "only\\.dot@example\\.org"

   The period "." matches any single character. The caret "^" and the
   dollar sign "$" are metacharacters that respectively match the empty
   string at the beginning and end of a line.

   A list of characters enclosed by "[" and "]" matches any single
   character in that list; if the first character of the list is a caret
   "^" then it matches any character not in the list. For example, the
   regular expression [0123456789] matches any single digit. A range of
   ASCII characters may be specified by giving the first and last
   characters, separated by a hyphen "-". Most metacharacters lose their
   special meaning inside lists. To include a literal "]" place it first
   in the list. Similarly, to include a literal "^" place it anywhere but
   first. Finally, to include a literal hyphen "-" place it last.

   Certain named classes of characters are predefined. Character classes
   consist of "[:", a keyword denoting the class, and ":]". The following
   classes are defined by the POSIX standard in Table 4.1, "POSIX regular
   expression character classes"

   Table 4.1. POSIX regular expression character classes
   Character class Description
   [:alnum:] Alphanumeric characters
   [:alpha:] Alphabetic characters
   [:blank:] Space or tab characters
   [:cntrl:] Control characters
   [:digit:] Numeric characters
   [:graph:] Characters that are both printable and visible. (A space is
   printable, but not visible, while an "a" is both)
   [:lower:] Lower-case alphabetic characters
   [:print:] Printable characters (characters that are not control
   characters)
   [:punct:] Punctuation characters (characters that are not letter,
   digits, control characters, or space characters)
   [:space:] Space characters (such as space, tab and formfeed, to name a
   few)
   [:upper:] Upper-case alphabetic characters
   [:xdigit:] Characters that are hexadecimal digits

   A character class is only valid in a regular expression inside the
   brackets of a character list.

Note

   Note that the brackets in these class names are part of the symbolic
   names, and must be included in addition to the brackets delimiting the
   bracket list. For example, [[:digit:]] is equivalent to [0-9].

   Two additional special sequences can appear in character lists. These
   apply to non-ASCII character sets, which can have single symbols
   (called collating elements) that are represented with more than one
   character, as well as several characters that are equivalent for
   collating or sorting purposes:

   Collating Symbols
          A collating symbol is a multi-character collating element
          enclosed in "[." and ".]". For example, if "ch" is a collating
          element, then [[.ch.]] is a regex that matches this collating
          element, while [ch] is a regex that matches either "c" or "h".

   Equivalence Classes
          An equivalence class is a locale-specific name for a list of
          characters that are equivalent. The name is enclosed in "[=" and
          "=]". For example, the name "e" might be used to represent all
          of "e" with grave ("e"), "e" with acute ("e") and "e". In this
          case, [[=e=]] is a regex that matches any of: "e" with grave
          ("e"), "e" with acute ("e") and "e".

   A regular expression matching a single character may be followed by one
   of several repetition operators described in Table 4.2, "Regular
   expression repetition operators".

   Table 4.2. Regular expression repetition operators
   Operator Description
   ? The preceding item is optional and matched at most once
   * The preceding item will be matched zero or more times
   + The preceding item will be matched one or more times
   {n} The preceding item is matched exactly n times
   {n,} The preceding item is matched n or more times
   {,m} The preceding item is matched at most m times
   {n,m} The preceding item is matched at least n times, but no more than
   m times

   Two regular expressions may be concatenated; the resulting regular
   expression matches any string formed by concatenating two substrings
   that respectively match the concatenated subexpressions.

   Two regular expressions may be joined by the infix operator "|"; the
   resulting regular expression matches any string matching either
   subexpression.

   Repetition takes precedence over concatenation, which in turn takes
   precedence over alternation. A whole subexpression may be enclosed in
   parentheses to override these precedence rules.

Note

   If you compile NeoMutt with the included regular expression engine, the
   following operators may also be used in regular expressions as
   described in Table 4.3, "GNU regular expression extensions".

   Table 4.3. GNU regular expression extensions
   Expression Description
   \y Matches the empty string at either the beginning or the end of a
   word
   \B Matches the empty string within a word
   \< Matches the empty string at the beginning of a word
   \> Matches the empty string at the end of a word
   \w Matches any word-constituent character (letter, digit, or
   underscore)
   \W Matches any character that is not word-constituent
   \` Matches the empty string at the beginning of a buffer (string)
   \' Matches the empty string at the end of a buffer

   Please note however that these operators are not defined by POSIX, so
   they may or may not be available in stock libraries on various systems.

3. Patterns: Searching, Limiting and Tagging

3.1. Pattern Modifier

   Many of NeoMutt's commands allow you to specify a pattern to match
   (limit, tag-pattern, delete-pattern, etc.). Table 4.4, "Pattern
   modifiers" shows several ways to select messages while Table 4.5,
   "Alias pattern modifiers" shows ways of selecting aliases.

   Table 4.4. Pattern modifiers
   Pattern modifier Notes Description
   ~A   all messages
   ~b EXPR d) messages which contain EXPR in the message body
   =b STRING   If IMAP is enabled, like ~b but searches for STRING on the
   server, rather than downloading each message and searching it locally.
   ~B EXPR d) messages which contain EXPR in the whole message
   =B STRING   If IMAP is enabled, like ~B but searches for STRING on the
   server, rather than downloading each message and searching it locally.
   ~c EXPR   messages carbon-copied to EXPR
   %c GROUP   messages carbon-copied to any member of GROUP
   ~C EXPR   messages either to:, cc: or bcc: EXPR
   %C GROUP   messages either to:, cc: or bcc: to any member of GROUP
   ~d [MIN]-[MAX]   messages with "date-sent" in a Date range
   ~D   deleted messages
   ~e EXPR   messages which contains EXPR in the "Sender" field
   %e GROUP   messages which contain a member of GROUP in the "Sender"
   field
   ~E   expired messages
   ~F   flagged messages
   ~f EXPR   messages originating from EXPR
   %f GROUP   messages originating from any member of GROUP
   ~g   cryptographically signed messages
   ~G   cryptographically encrypted messages
   ~h EXPR d) messages which contain EXPR in the message header
   =h STRING   If IMAP is enabled, like ~h but searches for STRING on the
   server, rather than downloading each message and searching it locally;
   STRING must be of the form "header: substring"(see below).
   ~H EXPR   messages with a spam attribute matching EXPR
   ~i EXPR   messages which match EXPR in the "Message-ID" field
   ~I QUERY   messages whose "Message-ID" field is included in the results
   returned from an external search program, when the program is run with
   QUERY as its argument. This is explained in greater detail in the
   variable reference entry Section 3.102, "external_search_command",
   ~k   messages which contain PGP key material
   ~K EXPR   messages blind carbon-copied to EXPR
   ~L EXPR   messages either originated or received by EXPR
   %L GROUP   message either originated or received by any member of GROUP
   ~l   messages addressed to a known mailing list
   ~m [MIN]-[MAX] c) messages with numbers in the range MIN to MAX
   ~m <[MAX] c) messages with numbers less than MAX
   ~m >[MIN] c) messages with numbers greater than MIN
   ~m [M] c) just message number M
   ~m [MIN],[MAX] c) messages with offsets (from selected message) in the
   range MIN to MAX
   ~M EXPR d) messages which contain a mime Content-Type matching EXPR
   ~n [MIN]-[MAX] a) messages with a score in the range MIN to MAX
   ~N   new messages
   ~O   old messages
   ~p   messages addressed to you (consults $from, alternates, and local
   account/hostname information)
   ~P   messages from you (consults $from, alternates, and local
   account/hostname information)
   ~Q   messages which have been replied to
   ~r [MIN]-[MAX]   messages with "date-received" in a Date range
   ~R   read messages
   ~s EXPR   messages having EXPR in the "Subject" field.
   ~S   superseded messages
   ~t EXPR   messages addressed to EXPR
   ~T   tagged messages
   ~u   messages addressed to a subscribed mailing list
   ~U   unread messages
   ~v   messages part of a collapsed thread.
   ~V   cryptographically verified messages
   ~w EXPR   newsgroups matching EXPR
   ~x EXPR   messages which contain EXPR in the "References" or
   "In-Reply-To" field
   ~X [MIN]-[MAX] a), d) messages with MIN to MAX attachments
   ~y EXPR   messages which contain EXPR in their keywords
   ~Y EXPR   messages whose tags match EXPR
   ~z [MIN]-[MAX] a), b) messages with a size in the range MIN to MAX
   =/ STRING   IMAP custom server-side search for STRING. Currently only
   defined for Gmail. See: Gmail Patterns
   ~=   duplicated messages (see $duplicate_threads)
   ~#   broken threads (see $strict_threads)
   ~$   unreferenced messages (requires threaded view)
   ~(PATTERN)   messages in threads containing messages matching PATTERN,
   e.g. all threads containing messages from you: ~(~P)
   ~<(PATTERN)   messages whose immediate parent matches PATTERN, e.g.
   replies to your messages: ~<(~P)
   ~>(PATTERN)   messages having an immediate child matching PATTERN, e.g.
   messages you replied to: ~>(~P)

   Table 4.5. Alias pattern modifiers
   Pattern modifier Notes Description
   ~c EXPR   aliases which contain EXPR in the alias comment
   ~f EXPR   aliases which contain EXPR in the alias name (From part of
   alias)
   ~t EXPR   aliases which contain EXPR in the alias address (To part of
   alias)

   Where EXPR is a regular expression, and GROUP is an address group.

   a) The forms "<[MAX]", ">[MIN]", "[MIN]-" and "-[MAX]" are allowed,
   too.

   b) The suffixes "K" and "M" are allowed to specify kilobyte and
   megabyte respectively.

   c) The message number ranges (introduced by ~m) are even more general
   and powerful than the other types of ranges. Read on and see
   Section 3.1.1, "Message Ranges" below.

   d) These patterns read each message in, and can therefore be much
   slower. Over IMAP this will entail downloading each message. They can
   not be used for message scoring, and it is recommended to avoid using
   them for index coloring.

   Special attention has to be paid when using regular expressions inside
   of patterns. Specifically, NeoMutt's parser for these patterns will
   strip one level of backslash ("\"), which is normally used for quoting.
   If it is your intention to use a backslash in the regular expression,
   you will need to use two backslashes instead ("\\").

   Example 4.2. Using \s and matching a literal dot in patterns
# no quotes
save-hook ~h\ list-id:\\\\s*<only\\\\.dot>    '=archive'
save-hook ~hlist-id:\\\\s*<only\\\\.dot-here> '=archive'

# single quotes
save-hook '~h list-id:\\s<only\\.dot>'        '=archive'
save-hook ~h'list-id:\\s*<only\\.dot-here>'   '=archive'

# Double quotes
save-hook "~h list-id:\\\\s<only\\\\.dot>"    '=archive'
save-hook ~h"list-id:\\\\s*<only\\\\.dot>"    '=archive'

   You can force NeoMutt to treat EXPR as a simple substring instead of a
   regular expression by using = instead of ~ in the pattern name. For
   example, =b *.* will find all messages that contain the literal string
   "*.*". Simple string matches are less powerful than regular expressions
   but can be considerably faster.

   For IMAP folders, string matches =b, =B, and =h will be performed on
   the server instead of by fetching every message. IMAP treats =h
   specially: it must be of the form "header: substring" and will not
   partially match header names. The substring part may be omitted if you
   simply wish to find messages containing a particular header without
   regard to its value.

   Patterns matching lists of addresses (notably c, C, p, P and t) match
   if there is at least one match in the whole list. If you want to make
   sure that all elements of that list match, you need to prefix your
   pattern with "^". This example matches all mails which only has
   recipients from Germany.

   Example 4.3. Matching all addresses in address lists
^~C \.de$

   You can restrict address pattern matching to aliases that you have
   defined with the "@" modifier. This example matches messages whose
   recipients are all from Germany, and who are known to your alias list.

   Example 4.4. Matching restricted to aliases
^@~C \.de$

   To match any defined alias, use a regular expression that matches any
   string. This example matches messages whose senders are known aliases.

   Example 4.5. Matching any defined alias
@~f .

3.1.1. Message Ranges

   If a message number range (from now on: MNR) contains a comma (,), it
   is a relative MNR. That means the numbers denote offsets from the
   highlighted message. For example:

   Table 4.6. Relative Message Number Ranges
   Pattern                Explanation
   ~m -2,2 Previous 2, highlighted and next 2 emails
   ~m 0,1  Highlighted and next email

   In addition to numbers, either side of the range can also contain one
   of the special characters (shortcuts) .^$. The meaning is:

   Table 4.7. Message Number Shortcuts
   Shortcut Explanation Example Meaning
   . Current / Highlighted ~m -3,. Previous 3 emails plus the highlighted
   one
   $ Last ~m .,$ Highlighted email and all the later ones
   ^ First ~m ^,1 Highlighted, next and all preceding ones

   Lastly, you can also leave either side of the range blank, to make it
   extend as far as possible. For example, ~m ,1 has the same meaning as
   the last example in Table 4.7, "Message Number Shortcuts".

   Otherwise, if a MNR doesn't contain a comma, the meaning is similar to
   other ranges, except that the shortcuts are still available. Examples:

   Table 4.8. Absolute Message Number Ranges
   Pattern        Explanation
   ~m 3-10 Emails 3 to 10
   ~m -10  Emails 1 to 10
   ~m 10-  Emails 10 to last
   ~m <3   First and second email
   ~m ^-2  First and second email
   ~m >1   Everything but first email
   ~m 2-$  Everything but first email
   ~m 2    Just the second email

3.2. Simple Searches

   NeoMutt supports two versions of so called "simple searches". These are
   issued if the query entered for searching, limiting and similar
   operations does not seem to contain a valid pattern modifier (i.e. it
   does not contain one of these characters: "~", "=" or "%"). If the
   query is supposed to contain one of these special characters, they must
   be escaped by prepending a backslash ("\").

   The first type is by checking whether the query string equals a keyword
   case-insensitively from Table 4.9, "Simple search keywords": If that is
   the case, NeoMutt will use the shown pattern modifier instead. If a
   keyword would conflict with your search keyword, you need to turn it
   into a regular expression to avoid matching the keyword table. For
   example, if you want to find all messages matching "flag" (using
   $simple_search) but don't want to match flagged messages, simply search
   for "[f]lag".

   Table 4.9. Simple search keywords
   Keyword Pattern modifier
   all     ~A
   .       ~A
   ^       ~A
   del     ~D
   flag    ~F
   new     ~N
   old     ~O
   repl    ~Q
   read    ~R
   tag     ~T
   unread  ~U

   The second type of simple search is to build a complex search pattern
   using $simple_search as a template. NeoMutt will insert your query
   properly quoted and search for the composed complex query.

3.3. Nesting and Boolean Operators

   Logical AND is performed by specifying more than one criterion. For
   example:
~t work ~f smith

   would select messages which contain the word "work" in the list of
   recipients and that have the word "smith" in the "From" header field.

   NeoMutt also recognizes the following operators to create more complex
   search patterns:
     * ! - logical NOT operator
     * | - logical OR operator
     * () - logical grouping operator

   Here is an example illustrating a complex search pattern. This pattern
   will select all messages which do not contain "work" in the "To" or
   "Cc" field and which are from "smith".

   Example 4.6. Using boolean operators in patterns
!(~t work|~c work) ~f smith

   Here is an example using white space in the regular expression (note
   the "'" and """ delimiters). For this to match, the mail's subject must
   match the "^Junk +From +Me$" and it must be from either "Jim +Somebody"
   or "Ed +SomeoneElse":
'~s "^Junk +From +Me$" ~f ("Jim +Somebody"|"Ed +SomeoneElse")'

Note

   If a regular expression contains parenthesis, or a vertical bar ("|"),
   you must enclose the expression in double or single quotes since those
   characters are also used to separate different parts of NeoMutt's
   pattern language. For example: ~f "user@(home\.org|work\.com)" Without
   the quotes, the parenthesis wouldn't end. This would be separated to
   two OR'd patterns: ~f user@(home\.org and work\.com). They are never
   what you want.

3.4. Searching by Date

   NeoMutt supports two types of dates, absolute and relative.

3.4.1. Absolute Dates

   Dates must be in DD/MM/YY format (month and year are optional,
   defaulting to the current month and year) or YYYYMMDD. An example of a
   valid range of dates is:
Limit to messages matching: ~d 20/1/95-31/10
Limit to messages matching: ~d 19950120-19951031

   If you omit the minimum (first) date, and just specify "-DD/MM/YY" or
   "-YYYYMMDD", all messages before the given date will be selected. If
   you omit the maximum(second) date, and specify "DD/MM/YY-", all
   messages after the given date will be selected. If you specify a single
   date with no dash ("-"), only messages sent on the given date will be
   selected.

   You can add error margins to absolute dates. An error margin is a sign
   (+ or -), followed by a digit, followed by one of the units in
   Table 4.10, "Date units". As a special case, you can replace the sign
   by a "*" character, which is equivalent to giving identical plus and
   minus error margins.

   Table 4.10. Date units
   Unit Description
   y    Years
   m    Months
   w    Weeks
   d    Days

   Example: To select any messages two weeks around January 15, 2001,
   you'd use the following pattern:
Limit to messages matching: ~d 15/1/2001*2w

3.4.2. Relative Dates

   This type of date is relative to the current date, and may be specified
   as:
     * > offset for messages older than offset units
     * < offset for messages newer than offset units
     * = offset for messages exactly offset units old

   offset is specified as a positive number with one of the units from
   Table 4.11, "Relative date units".

   Table 4.11. Relative date units
   Unit Description
   y    Years
   m    Months
   w    Weeks
   d    Days
   H    Hours
   M    Minutes
   S    Seconds

   Example: to select messages less than 1 month old, you would use
Limit to messages matching: ~d <1m

Note

   All dates used when searching are relative to the local time zone, so
   unless you change the setting of your $index_format to include a %[...]
   format, these are not the dates shown in the main index.

3.5. Gmail Patterns

   =/ "search terms" invokes server-side search, passing along the search
   terms provided. Search results are constrained by IMAP to be within the
   current folder. At present this only supports Gmail's search API IMAP
   extension. The search language is entirely up to the mail provider and
   changes at their discretion. Using ~/ will silently fail.

   For up-to-date information about searching, see: Gmail's Support Page.
   You will need to (once) use a web-browser to visit Settings/Labels and
   enable "Show in IMAP" for "All Mail". When searching, visit that folder
   in NeoMutt to most closely match Gmail search semantics.

   Table 4.12. Gmail Example Patterns
   Pattern Matches
   =/ "list:foo.example.org has:attachment is:important" the
   foo.example.org mailing-list per Gmail's definitions, and has an
   attachment, and has been marked as important
   =/ "{has:purple-star has:yellow-star} older_than:2m" is older than two
   months and has either a purple-star or a yellow-star

4. Marking Messages

   There are times that it's useful to ask NeoMutt to "remember" which
   message you're currently looking at, while you move elsewhere in your
   mailbox. You can do this with the "mark-message" operator, which is
   bound to the "~" key by default. Press this key to enter an identifier
   for the marked message. When you want to return to this message, press
   "'" and the name that you previously entered.

   (Message marking is really just a shortcut for defining a macro that
   returns you to the current message by searching for its Message-ID. You
   can choose a different prefix by setting the $mark_macro_prefix
   variable.)

5. Using Tags

   Sometimes it is desirable to perform an operation on a group of
   messages all at once rather than one at a time. An example might be to
   save messages to a mailing list to a separate folder, or to delete all
   messages with a given subject. To tag all messages matching a pattern,
   use the <tag-pattern> function, which is bound to "shift-T" by default.
   Patterns are completable in the editor menu. Invoke the <complete>
   function (by default bound to "Tab") after typing "~" to get a
   selectable list. Or you can select individual messages by hand using
   the <tag-message> function, which is bound to "t" by default. See
   patterns for NeoMutt's pattern matching syntax.

   Once you have tagged the desired messages, you can use the "tag-prefix"
   operator, which is the ";" (semicolon) key by default. When the
   "tag-prefix" operator is used, the next operation will be applied to
   all tagged messages if that operation can be used in that manner. If
   the $auto_tag variable is set, the next operation applies to the tagged
   messages automatically, without requiring the "tag-prefix".

   In macros or push commands, you can use the <tag-prefix-cond> operator.
   If there are no tagged messages, NeoMutt will "eat" the rest of the
   macro to abort its execution. NeoMutt will stop "eating" the macro when
   it encounters the <end-cond> operator; after this operator the rest of
   the macro will be executed as normal.

6. Using Hooks

   A hook is a concept found in many other programs which allows you to
   execute arbitrary commands before performing some operation. For
   example, you may wish to tailor your configuration based upon which
   mailbox you are reading, or to whom you are sending mail. In the
   NeoMutt world, a hook consists of a regular expression or pattern along
   with a configuration option/command. See:
     * account-hook
     * charset-hook
       iconv-hook
     * index-format-hook
     * crypt-hook
     * fcc-save-hook
       fcc-hook
       save-hook
     * folder-hook
     * mbox-hook
     * message-hook
     * open-hook
       close-hook
       append-hook
     * reply-hook
       send-hook
       send2-hook
     * timeout-hook
       startup-hook
       shutdown-hook
     * unhook

   for specific details on each type of hook available. Also see Message
   Composition Flow for an overview of the composition process.

Note

   If a hook changes configuration settings, these changes remain
   effective until the end of the current NeoMutt session. As this is
   generally not desired, a "default" hook needs to be added before all
   other hooks of that type to restore configuration defaults.

   Example 4.7. Specifying a "default" hook
send-hook . 'unmy_hdr From:'
send-hook ~C'^b@b\\.b$' my_hdr from: c@c.c

   In Example 4.7, "Specifying a "default" hook", by default the value of
   $from and $real_name is not overridden. When sending messages either
   To: or Cc: to <b@b.b>, the From: header is changed to <c@c.c>.

6.1. Message Matching in Hooks

   Hooks that act upon messages (message-hook, reply-hook, send-hook,
   send2-hook, save-hook, fcc-hook, index-format-hook) are evaluated in a
   slightly different manner. For the other types of hooks, a regular
   expression is sufficient. But in dealing with messages a finer grain of
   control is needed for matching since for different purposes you want to
   match different criteria.

   NeoMutt allows the use of the search pattern language for matching
   messages in hook commands. This works in exactly the same way as it
   would when limiting or searching the mailbox, except that you are
   restricted to those operators which match information NeoMutt extracts
   from the header of the message (i.e., from, to, cc, date, subject,
   etc.).

   For example, if you wanted to set your return address based upon
   sending mail to a specific address, you could do something like:
send-hook '~t ^user@work\\.com$' 'my_hdr From: John Smith <user@host>'

   which would execute the given command when sending mail to
   user@work.com.

   However, it is not required that you write the pattern to match using
   the full searching language. You can still specify a simple regular
   expression like the other hooks, in which case NeoMutt will translate
   your pattern into the full language, using the translation specified by
   the $default_hook variable. The pattern is translated at the time the
   hook is declared, so the value of $default_hook that is in effect at
   that time will be used.

6.2. Mailbox Matching in Hooks

   Hooks that match against mailboxes (folder-hook, mbox-hook) apply both
   regular expression syntax as well as mailbox shortcut expansion on the
   regex parameter. There is some overlap between these, so special
   attention should be paid to the first character of the regex.
# Here, ^ will expand to "the current mailbox" not "beginning of string":
folder-hook ^/home/user/Mail/bar "set sort=threads"
# If you want ^ to be interpreted as "beginning of string", one workaround
# is to enclose the regex in parenthesis:
folder-hook (^/home/user/Mail/bar) "set sort=threads"
# This will expand to the default save folder for the alias "imap.example.com",
which
# is probably not what you want:
folder-hook @imap\\.example\\.com "set sort=threads"
# A workaround is to use parenthesis or a backslash:
folder-hook (@imap\\.example\\.com) "set sort=threads"
folder-hook '\@imap\.example\.com' "set sort=threads"

   Keep in mind that mailbox shortcut expansion on the regex parameter
   takes place when the hook is initially parsed, not when the hook is
   matching against a mailbox. When NeoMutt starts up and is reading the
   .neomuttrc, some mailbox shortcuts may not be usable. For example, the
   "current mailbox" shortcut, ^, will expand to an empty string because
   no mailbox has been opened yet. NeoMutt will issue an error for this
   case or if the mailbox shortcut results in an empty regex.

7. Managing the Environment

   You can alter the environment that NeoMutt passes on to its child
   processes using the "setenv" and "unsetenv" commands. You can also
   query current environment values by adding a "?" character.

Note

   These follow NeoMutt-style syntax, not shell-style!
setenv TERM vt100
setenv ORGANIZATION "The NeoMutt Development Team"
unsetenv DISPLAY
setenv LESS?

   Running setenv with no parameters will show a list of all the
   environment variables.

8. External Address Queries

   NeoMutt supports connecting to external directory databases such as
   LDAP, ph/qi, bbdb, or NIS through a wrapper script which connects to
   NeoMutt using a simple interface. Using the $query_command variable,
   you specify the wrapper command to use. For example:
set query_command = "mutt_ldap_query.pl %s"

   The wrapper script should accept the query on the command-line. It
   should return a one line message, then each matching response on a
   single line, each line containing a tab separated address then name
   then some other optional information. On error, or if there are no
   matching addresses, return a non-zero exit code and a one line error
   message.

   An example multiple response output:
Searching database ... 70 entries ... 5 matching:
ji@papaya.com   Jeremy Irons    Emmy, Oscar, Tony
jc@damson.com   James Cagney    Oscar
mr@ilama.com    Meg Ryan
mjf@kumquat.com Michael J Fox
ma@yew.com      Murray Abraham  Oscar

   There are two mechanisms for accessing the query function of NeoMutt.
   One is to do a query from the index menu using the <query> function
   (default: Q). This will prompt for a query, then bring up the query
   menu which will list the matching responses. From the query menu, you
   can select addresses to create aliases, or to mail. You can tag
   multiple addresses to mail, start a new query, or have a new query
   appended to the current responses.

   The other mechanism for accessing the query function is for address
   completion, similar to the alias completion. In any prompt for address
   entry, you can use the <complete-query> function (default: ^T) to run a
   query based on the current address you have typed. Like aliases,
   NeoMutt will look for what you have typed back to the last space or
   comma. If there is a single response for that query, NeoMutt will
   expand the address in place. If there are multiple responses, NeoMutt
   will activate the query menu. At the query menu, you can select one or
   more addresses to be added to the prompt.

Note

   The query menu is affected by $alias_sort, thus overruling the order of
   entries as generated by $query_command.

9. Mailbox Formats

   NeoMutt supports reading and writing of four different local mailbox
   formats: mbox, MMDF, MH and Maildir. The mailbox type is auto detected,
   so there is no need to use a flag for different mailbox types. When
   creating new mailboxes, NeoMutt uses the default specified with the
   $mbox_type variable. A short description of the formats follows.

   mbox. This is a widely used mailbox format for UNIX. All messages are
   stored in a single file. Each message has a line of the form:
From me@ox.ac.uk Fri, 11 Apr 1997 11:44:56 PST

   to denote the start of a new message (this is often referred to as the
   "From_" line). The mbox format requires mailbox locking, is prone to
   mailbox corruption with concurrently writing clients or misinterpreted
   From_ lines. Depending on the environment, new mail detection can be
   unreliable. Mbox folders are fast to open and easy to archive.

   MMDF. This is a variant of the mbox format. Each message is surrounded
   by lines containing "^A^A^A^A" (four times control-A's). The same
   problems as for mbox apply (also with finding the right message
   separator as four control-A's may appear in message bodies).

   MH. A radical departure from mbox and MMDF, a mailbox consists of a
   directory and each message is stored in a separate file. The filename
   indicates the message number (however, this is may not correspond to
   the message number NeoMutt displays). Deleted messages are renamed with
   a comma (",") prepended to the filename. NeoMutt detects this type of
   mailbox by looking for either .mh_sequences or .xmhcache files (needed
   to distinguish normal directories from MH mailboxes). MH is more robust
   with concurrent clients writing the mailbox, but still may suffer from
   lost flags; message corruption is less likely to occur than with
   mbox/mmdf. It's usually slower to open compared to mbox/mmdf since many
   small files have to be read (NeoMutt provides Section 8.1, "Header
   Caching" to greatly speed this process up). Depending on the
   environment, MH is not very disk-space efficient.

   Maildir. The newest of the mailbox formats, used by the Qmail MTA (a
   replacement for sendmail). Similar to MH, except that it adds three
   subdirectories of the mailbox: tmp, new and cur. Filenames for the
   messages are chosen in such a way they are unique, even when two
   programs are writing the mailbox over NFS, which means that no file
   locking is needed and corruption is very unlikely. Maildir maybe slower
   to open without caching in NeoMutt, it too is not very disk-space
   efficient depending on the environment. Since no additional files are
   used for metadata (which is embedded in the message filenames) and
   Maildir is locking-free, it's easy to sync across different machines
   using file-level synchronization tools.

10. Mailbox Shortcuts

   There are a number of built in shortcuts which refer to specific
   mailboxes. These shortcuts can be used anywhere you are prompted for a
   file or mailbox path or in path-related configuration variables. Note
   that these only work at the beginning of a string.

   Table 4.13. Mailbox shortcuts
   Shortcut Refers to...
   ! your $spool_file (incoming) mailbox
   > your $mbox file
   < your $record file
   ^ the current mailbox
   - or !! the file you've last visited
   ~ your home directory
   = or + your $folder directory
   @alias to the default save folder as determined by the address of the
   alias

   For example, to store a copy of outgoing messages in the folder they
   were composed in, a folder-hook can be used to set $record:
folder-hook . 'set record=^'

   Note: the current mailbox shortcut, "^", has no value in some cases. No
   mailbox is opened when NeoMutt is invoked to send an email from the
   command-line. In interactive mode, NeoMutt reads the muttrc before
   opening the mailbox, so immediate expansion won't work as expected
   either. This can be an issue when trying to directly assign to $record,
   but also affects the fcc-hook mailbox, which is expanded immediately
   too. The folder-hook example above works because the command is
   executed later, when the folder-hook fires.

11. Handling Mailing Lists

   NeoMutt has a few configuration options that make dealing with large
   amounts of mail easier. The first thing you must do is to let NeoMutt
   know what addresses you consider to be mailing lists (technically this
   does not have to be a mailing list, but that is what it is most often
   used for), and what lists you are subscribed to. This is accomplished
   through the use of the lists and subscribe commands in your .neomuttrc.
   Alternatively or additionally, you can set $auto_subscribe to
   automatically subscribe addresses found in a List-Post header.

   Now that NeoMutt knows what your mailing lists are, it can do several
   things, the first of which is the ability to show the name of a list
   through which you received a message (i.e., of a subscribed list) in
   the index menu display. This is useful to distinguish between personal
   and list mail in the same mailbox. In the $index_format variable, the
   expando "%L" will print the string "To <list>" when "list" appears in
   the "To" field, and "Cc <list>" when it appears in the "Cc" field
   (otherwise it prints the name of the author).

   Often times the "To" and "Cc" fields in mailing list messages tend to
   get quite large. Most people do not bother to remove the author of the
   message they reply to from the list, resulting in two or more copies
   being sent to that person. The <list-reply> function, which by default
   is bound to "L" in the index menu and pager, helps reduce the clutter
   by only replying to the known mailing list addresses instead of all
   recipients (except as specified by Mail-Followup-To, see below).

   NeoMutt also supports the Mail-Followup-To header. When you send a
   message to a list of recipients which includes one or several known
   mailing lists, and if the $followup_to option is set, NeoMutt will
   generate a Mail-Followup-To header. If any of the recipients are
   subscribed mailing lists, this header will contain all the recipients
   to whom you send this message, but not your address. This indicates
   that group-replies or list-replies (also known as "followups") to this
   message should only be sent to the original recipients of the message,
   and not separately to you - you'll receive your copy through one of the
   mailing lists you are subscribed to. If none of the recipients are
   subscribed mailing lists, the header will also contain your address,
   ensuring you receive a copy of replies.

   Conversely, when group-replying or list-replying to a message which has
   a Mail-Followup-To header, NeoMutt will respect this header if the
   $honor_followup_to configuration variable is set. Using list-reply will
   in this case also make sure that the reply goes to the mailing list,
   even if it's not specified in the list of recipients in the
   Mail-Followup-To.

Note

   When header editing is enabled, you can create a Mail-Followup-To
   header manually. NeoMutt will only auto-generate this header if it
   doesn't exist when you send the message.

   The other method some mailing list admins use is to generate a
   "Reply-To" field which points back to the mailing list address rather
   than the author of the message. This can create problems when trying to
   reply directly to the author in private, since most mail clients will
   automatically reply to the address given in the "Reply-To" field.
   NeoMutt uses the $reply_to variable to help decide which address to
   use. If set to ask-yes or ask-no, you will be prompted as to whether or
   not you would like to use the address given in the "Reply-To" field, or
   reply directly to the address given in the "From" field. When set to
   yes, the "Reply-To" field will be used when present.

   You can change or delete the "X-Label:" field within NeoMutt using the
   "edit-label" command, bound to the "y" key by default. This works for
   tagged messages, too. While in the edit-label function, pressing the
   <complete> binding (TAB, by default) will perform completion against
   all labels currently in use.

   Lastly, NeoMutt has the ability to sort the mailbox into threads. A
   thread is a group of messages which all relate to the same subject.
   This is usually organized into a tree-like structure where a message
   and all of its replies are represented graphically. If you've ever used
   a threaded news client, this is the same concept. It makes dealing with
   large volume mailing lists easier because you can easily delete
   uninteresting threads and quickly find topics of value.

12. Display Munging

   Working within the confines of a console or terminal window, it is
   often useful to be able to modify certain information elements in a
   non-destructive way - to change how they display, without changing the
   stored value of the information itself. This is especially so of
   message subjects, which may often be polluted with extraneous metadata
   that either is reproduced elsewhere, or is of secondary interest.

   subjectrx regex replacement
   unsubjectrx { * | regex }

   subjectrx specifies a regular expression which, if detected in a
   message subject, causes the subject to be replaced with the
   "replacement" value. The replacement is subject to substitutions in the
   same way as for the spam command: %L for the text to the left of the
   match, %R for text to the right of the match, and %1 for the first
   subgroup in the match (etc). If you simply want to erase the match, set
   it to "%L%R". Any number of subjectrx commands may coexist.

   Note this well: the "replacement" value replaces the entire subject,
   not just the match!

   unsubjectrx removes a given subjectrx from the substitution list. If *
   is used as the argument, all substitutions will be removed.

   Example 4.8. Subject Munging
# Erase [rt #12345] tags from Request Tracker (RT) e-mails
subjectrx '\[rt #[0-9]+\] *' '%L%R'
# Servicedesk is another RT that sends more complex subjects.
# Keep the ticket number.
subjectrx '\[servicedesk #([0-9]+)\] ([^.]+)\.([^.]+) - (new|open|pending|update
) - ' '%L[#%1] %R'
# Strip out annoying [listname] prefixes in subjects
subjectrx '\[[^]]*\]:? *' '%L%R'

13. New Mail Detection

   NeoMutt supports setups with multiple folders, allowing all of them to
   be monitored for new mail (see Section 16, "Monitoring Incoming Mail"
   for details).

13.1. How New Mail Detection Works

   For Mbox and Mmdf folders, new mail is detected by comparing access
   and/or modification times of files: NeoMutt assumes a folder has new
   mail if it wasn't accessed after it was last modified. Utilities like
   biff or frm or any other program which accesses the mailbox might cause
   NeoMutt to never detect new mail for that mailbox if they do not
   properly reset the access time. Other possible causes of NeoMutt not
   detecting new mail in these folders are backup tools (updating access
   times) or filesystems mounted without access time update support (for
   Linux systems, see the relatime option).

Note

   Contrary to older NeoMutt releases, it now maintains the new mail
   status of a folder by properly resetting the access time if the folder
   contains at least one message which is neither read, nor deleted, nor
   marked as old.

   In cases where new mail detection for Mbox or Mmdf folders appears to
   be unreliable, the $check_mbox_size option can be used to make NeoMutt
   track and consult file sizes for new mail detection instead which won't
   work for size-neutral changes.

   New mail for Maildir is assumed if there is one message in the new/
   subdirectory which is not marked deleted (see $maildir_trash). For MH
   folders, a mailbox is considered having new mail if there's at least
   one message in the "unseen" sequence as specified by $mh_seq_unseen.
   Optionally, $new_mail_command can be configured to execute an external
   program every time new mail is detected in the current inbox.

   NeoMutt does not poll POP3 folders for new mail, it only periodically
   checks the currently opened folder (if it's a POP3 folder).

   For IMAP, by default NeoMutt uses recent message counts provided by the
   server to detect new mail. If the $imap_idle option is set, it'll use
   the IMAP IDLE extension if advertised by the server.

   The $mail_check_recent option changes whether NeoMutt will notify you
   of new mail in an already visited mailbox. When set (the default) it
   will only notify you of new mail received since the last time you
   opened the mailbox. When unset, NeoMutt will notify you of any new mail
   in the mailbox.

13.2. Polling For New Mail

   When in the index menu and being idle (also see $timeout), NeoMutt
   periodically checks for new mail in all folders which have been
   configured via the mailboxes command (excepting those specified with
   the -nopoll flag). The interval depends on the folder type: for
   local/IMAP folders it consults $mail_check and $pop_check_interval for
   POP folders.

   Outside the index menu the directory browser supports checking for new
   mail using the <check-new> function which is unbound by default.
   Pressing TAB will bring up a menu showing the files specified by the
   mailboxes command, and indicate which contain new messages. NeoMutt
   will automatically enter this mode when invoked from the command line
   with the -y option, or from the index/pager via the <change-folder>
   function.

   For the pager, index and directory browser menus, NeoMutt contains the
   <mailbox-list> function (bound to "." by default) which will print a
   list of folders with new mail in the command line at the bottom of the
   screen.

   For the index, by default NeoMutt displays the number of mailboxes with
   new mail in the status bar, please refer to the $status_format variable
   for details.

   When changing folders, NeoMutt fills the prompt with the first folder
   from the mailboxes list containing new mail (if any), pressing <Space>
   will cycle through folders with new mail. The (by default unbound)
   function <next-unread-mailbox> in the index can be used to immediately
   open the next folder with unread mail (if any).

13.3. Monitoring New Mail

   When the Inotify mechanism for monitoring of files is supported (Linux
   only) and not disabled at compilation time, NeoMutt immediately
   notifies about new mail for all folders configured via the mailboxes
   command (excepting those specified with the -nopoll flag). Dependent on
   mailbox format also added old mails are tracked (not for Maildir).

   No configuration variables are available. Trace output is given when
   debugging is enabled via command line option -d3. The lower level 2
   only shows errors, the higher level 5 all including raw Inotify events.

Note

   Getting events about new mail is limited to the capabilities of the
   underlying mechanism. inotify only reports local changes, i. e. new
   mail notification works for mails delivered by an agent on the same
   machine as NeoMutt, but not when delivered remotely on a network file
   system as nfs. also the monitoring handles might fail in rare
   conditions, so you better don't completely rely on this feature.

Note

   When using Maildir, you don't have to manually specify all your
   mailboxes. You can use this command instead:
mailboxes `find ~/.mail/ -type d -name cur | sed -e 's:/cur/*$::' -e 's/ /\\ /g'
 | sort | tr '\n' ' '`

13.4. Calculating Mailbox Message Counts

   If $mail_check_stats is set, NeoMutt will periodically calculate the
   unread, flagged, and total message counts for each mailbox watched by
   the mailboxes command. (Note: IMAP mailboxes only support unread and
   total counts). This calculation takes place at the same time as new
   mail polling, but is controlled by a separate timer:
   $mail_check_stats_interval.

   The sidebar can display these message counts. See $sidebar_format.

14. Editing Threads

   NeoMutt has the ability to dynamically restructure threads that are
   broken either by misconfigured software or bad behavior from some
   correspondents. This allows to clean your mailboxes from these
   annoyances which make it hard to follow a discussion.

14.1. Linking Threads

   Some mailers tend to "forget" to correctly set the "In-Reply-To:" and
   "References:" headers when replying to a message. This results in
   broken discussions because NeoMutt has not enough information to guess
   the correct threading. You can fix this by tagging a number of replies,
   then moving to the parent message and using the <link-threads> function
   (bound to & by default). The replies will then be connected to this
   parent message.

14.2. Breaking Threads

   On mailing lists, some people are in the bad habit of starting a new
   discussion by hitting "reply" to any message from the list and changing
   the subject to a totally unrelated one. You can fix such threads by
   using the <break-thread> function (bound by default to #), which will
   turn the subthread starting from the current message into a whole
   different thread.

15. Delivery Status Notification (DSN) Support

   RFC1894 defines a set of MIME content types for relaying information
   about the status of electronic mail messages. These can be thought of
   as "return receipts."

   To support DSN, there are two variables. $dsn_notify is used to request
   receipts for different results (such as failed message, message
   delivered, etc.). $dsn_return requests how much of your message should
   be returned with the receipt (headers or full message).

   When using $sendmail for mail delivery, you need to use either Berkeley
   sendmail 8.8.x (or greater) a MTA supporting DSN command line options
   compatible to Sendmail: The -N and -R options can be used by the mail
   client to make requests as to what type of status messages should be
   returned. Please consider your MTA documentation whether DSN is
   supported.

   For SMTP delivery using $smtp_url, it depends on the capabilities
   announced by the server whether NeoMutt will attempt to request DSN or
   not.

16. Start a WWW Browser on URLs

   If a message contains URLs, it is efficient to get a menu with all the
   URLs and start a WWW browser on one of them. This functionality is
   provided by the external urlview program which can be retrieved at
   ftp://ftp.mutt.org/mutt/contrib/ and the configuration commands:
macro index \cb |urlview\n
macro pager \cb |urlview\n

17. Echoing Text

   Usage:

   echo message

   You can print messages to the message window using the "echo" command.
   This might be useful after a macro finishes executing. After printing
   the message, echo will pause for the number of seconds specified by
   $sleep_time.
echo "Sourcing muttrc file"
unset confirm_append
macro index ,a "<save-message>=archive<enter><enter-command>echo 'Saved to archi
ve'<enter>"

18. Message Composition Flow

   This is a brief overview of the steps NeoMutt takes during message
   composition. It also shows the order and timing of hook execution.
     * Reply envelope settings. $reverse_name processing. To, Cc, Subject,
       References header defaults.
     * my_hdr processing for To, Cc, Bcc, Subject headers.
     * Prompts for To, Cc, Bcc, Subject headers. See $ask_cc, $ask_bcc,
       $fast_reply.
     * From header setting. Note: this is so send-hooks below can match
       ~P, but From is re-set further below in case a send-hook changes
       the value.
     * reply-hook
     * send-hook
     * From header setting.
     * my_hdr processing for From, Reply-To, Message-ID and user-defined
       headers. The To, Cc, Bcc, Subject, and Return-Path headers are
       ignored at this stage.
     * Message body and signature generation.
     * send2-hook
     * $real_name part of From header setting.
     * $editor invocation for the message.
     * send2-hook
     * Cryptographic settings.
     * fcc-hook. Fcc setting.
     * Compose menu. Note: send2-hook is evaluated each time the headers
       are changed.
     * Message encryption and signing. Key selection.
     * Fcc saving if $fcc_before_send is set. (Note the variable
       documentation for caveats of Fcc'ing before sending.)
     * Message sending.
     * Fcc saving if $fcc_before_send is unset (the default). The Fcc used
       to be saved before sending the message. It is now by default saved
       afterwards, but if the saving fails, the user is prompted.

19. Miscellany

   This section documents various features that fit nowhere else.

   Address normalization
          NeoMutt normalizes all e-mail addresses to the simplest form
          possible. If an address contains a real_name, the form Joe User
          <joe@example.com> is used and the pure e-mail address without
          angle brackets otherwise, i.e. just joe@example.com.

          This normalization affects all headers NeoMutt generates
          including aliases.

   Initial folder selection
          The folder NeoMutt opens at startup is determined as follows:
          the folder specified in the $MAIL environment variable if
          present. Otherwise, the value of $MAILDIR is taken into account.
          If that isn't present either, NeoMutt takes the user's mailbox
          in the mailspool as determined at compile-time (which may also
          reside in the home directory). The $spool_file setting overrides
          this selection. Highest priority has the mailbox given with the
          -f command line option.

Chapter 5. NeoMutt's MIME Support

   Table of Contents

   1. Using MIME in NeoMutt

        1.1. MIME Overview
        1.2. Viewing MIME Messages in the Pager
        1.3. The Attachment Menu
        1.4. The Compose Menu

   2. MIME Type Configuration with mime.types
   3. MIME Viewer Configuration with Mailcap

        3.1. The Basics of the Mailcap File
        3.2. Secure Use of Mailcap
        3.3. Advanced Mailcap Usage
        3.4. Example Mailcap Files

   4. MIME Autoview
   5. MIME Multipart/Alternative

        5.1. Reading Multipart/Alternative Emails
        5.2. Composing Multipart/Alternative Emails

   6. MIME Multipart/Multilingual

        6.1. Reading Multipart/Multilingual Emails
        6.2. Composing Multipart/Multilingual Emails

   7. MIME Multipart/Related

        7.1. Composing Multipart/Related Emails

   8. Attachment Searching and Counting
   9. MIME Lookup

   Quite a bit of effort has been made to make NeoMutt the premier
   text-mode MIME MUA. Every effort has been made to provide the
   functionality that the discerning MIME user requires, and the
   conformance to the standards wherever possible. When configuring
   NeoMutt for MIME, there are two extra types of configuration files
   which NeoMutt uses. One is the mime.types file, which contains the
   mapping of file extensions to IANA MIME types. The other is the mailcap
   file, which specifies the external commands to use for handling
   specific MIME types.

1. Using MIME in NeoMutt

1.1. MIME Overview

   MIME is short for "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension" and describes
   mechanisms to internationalize and structure mail messages. Before the
   introduction of MIME, messages had a single text part and were limited
   to us-ascii header and content. With MIME, messages can have
   attachments (and even attachments which itself have attachments and
   thus form a tree structure), nearly arbitrary characters can be used
   for sender names, recipients and subjects.

   Besides the handling of non-ascii characters in message headers, to
   NeoMutt the most important aspect of MIME are so-called MIME types.
   These are constructed using a major and minor type separated by a
   forward slash. These specify details about the content that follows.
   Based upon these, NeoMutt decides how to handle this part. The most
   popular major type is "text" with minor types for plain text, HTML and
   various other formats. Major types also exist for images, audio, video
   and of course general application data (e.g. to separate
   cryptographically signed data with a signature, send office documents,
   and in general arbitrary binary data). There's also the multipart major
   type which represents the root of a subtree of MIME parts. A list of
   supported MIME types can be found in Table 5.1, "Supported MIME types".

   MIME also defines a set of encoding schemes for transporting MIME
   content over the network: 7bit, 8bit, quoted-printable, base64 and
   binary. There're some rules when to choose what for encoding headers
   and/or body (if needed), and NeoMutt will in general make a good
   choice.

   NeoMutt does most of MIME encoding/decoding behind the scenes to form
   messages conforming to MIME on the sending side. On reception, it can
   be flexibly configured as to how what MIME structure is displayed (and
   if it's displayed): these decisions are based on the content's MIME
   type. There are three areas/menus in dealing with MIME: the pager
   (while viewing a message), the attachment menu and the compose menu.

1.2. Viewing MIME Messages in the Pager

   When you select a message from the index and view it in the pager,
   NeoMutt decodes as much of a message as possible to a text
   representation. NeoMutt internally supports a number of MIME types,
   including the text/plain type, the message/rfc822 (mail messages) type
   and some multipart types. In addition, it recognizes a variety of PGP
   MIME and S/MIME types, including PGP/MIME and application/pgp, and
   application/pkcs7-mime.

   NeoMutt will denote attachments with a couple lines describing them.
   These lines are of the form:
[-- Attachment #1: Description --]
[-- Type: text/plain, Encoding: 7bit, Size: 10000 --]

   Where the Description is the description or filename given for the
   attachment, and the Encoding is one of the already mentioned content
   encodings.

   If NeoMutt cannot deal with a MIME type, it will display a message
   like:
[-- image/gif is unsupported (use 'v' to view this part) --]

1.3. The Attachment Menu

   The default binding for <view-attachments> is "v", which displays the
   attachment menu for a message. The attachment menu displays a list of
   the attachments in a message. From the attachment menu, you can save,
   print, pipe, delete, and view attachments. You can apply these
   operations to a group of attachments at once, by tagging the
   attachments and by using the <tag-prefix> operator. You can also reply
   to the current message from this menu, and only the current attachment
   (or the attachments tagged) will be quoted in your reply. You can view
   attachments as text, or view them using the mailcap viewer definition
   (the mailcap mechanism is explained later in detail).

   Finally, you can apply the usual message-related functions (like
   <resend-message>, and the <reply> and <forward-message> functions) to
   attachments of type message/rfc822.

   See table Table 9.7, "Default Attachment Menu Bindings" for all
   available functions.

1.3.1. Viewing Attachments

   There are four(!) ways of viewing attachments, so the functions deserve
   some extra explanation.

   <view-mailcap> (default keybinding: m)
          This will use the first matching mailcap entry.

          If no matching mailcap entries are found, it will abort with an
          error message.

   <view-attach> (default keybinding: <Enter>)
          NeoMutt will display internally supported MIME types (see
          Section 1.2, "Viewing MIME Messages in the Pager") in the pager.
          This will respect auto_view settings, to determine whether to
          use a copiousoutput mailcap entry or just directly display the
          attachment.

          Other MIME types will use the first matching mailcap entry.

          If no matching mailcap entries are found, the attachment will be
          displayed in the pager as raw text.

   <view-pager>
          NeoMutt will use the first matching copiousoutput mailcap entry
          to display the attachment in the pager (regardless of auto_view
          settings).

          If no matching mailcap entries are found, the attachment will be
          displayed in the pager as raw text.

   <view-text> (default keybinding: T)
          The attachment will always be displayed in the pager as raw
          text.

1.3.2. Saving Attachments

   <save-entry> (default keybinding: s)
          This will save the attachment to disk.

          The permissions of the saved file will depend on the user's
          umask. e.g. umask 022 will create a file with permissions
          rw-r--r--.

          See also: $attach_save_dir, $attach_save_without_prompting,
          $attach_sep, $attach_split

1.4. The Compose Menu

   The compose menu is the menu you see before you send a message. It
   allows you to edit the recipient list, the subject, and other aspects
   of your message. It also contains a list of the attachments of your
   message, including the main body. From this menu, you can print, copy,
   filter, pipe, edit, compose, review, and rename an attachment or a list
   of tagged attachments. You can also modifying the attachment
   information, notably the type, encoding and description.

   Attachments appear as follows by default:
- 1 [text/plain, 7bit, 1K]           /tmp/neomutt-euler-8082-0 <no description>
  2 [applica/x-gunzip, base64, 422K] ~/src/neomutt-0.85.tar.gz <no description>

   The "-" denotes that NeoMutt will delete the file after sending (or
   postponing, or canceling) the message. It can be toggled with the
   <toggle-unlink> command (default: u). The next field is the MIME
   content-type, and can be changed with the <edit-type> command (default:
   ^T). The next field is the encoding for the attachment, which allows a
   binary message to be encoded for transmission on 7bit links. It can be
   changed with the <edit-encoding> command (default: ^E). The next field
   is the size of the attachment, rounded to kilobytes or megabytes. The
   next field is the filename, which can be changed with the <rename-file>
   command (default: R). The final field is the description of the
   attachment, and can be changed with the <edit-description> command
   (default: d). See $attach_format for a full list of available expandos
   to format this display to your needs.

2. MIME Type Configuration with mime.types

   To get most out of MIME, it's important that a MIME part's content type
   matches the content as closely as possible so that the recipient's
   client can automatically select the right viewer for the content.
   However, there's no reliable way for NeoMutt to know how to detect
   every possible file type. Instead, it uses a simple plain text mapping
   file that specifies what file extension corresponds to what MIME type.
   This file is called mime.types.

   When you add an attachment to your mail message, NeoMutt searches the
   system mime.types file at /etc/mime.types, $SYSCONFDIR/mime.types or
   $PKGDATADIR/mime.types and then your personal mime.types file at
   $HOME/.mime.types.

   Where $HOME is your home directory. The $PKGDATADIR and the $SYSCONFDIR
   directories depend on where NeoMutt is installed: the former is the
   default for shared data, the latter for system configuration files.

   Each line starts with the full MIME type, followed by a space and
   space-separated list of file extensions. For example you could use:

   Example 5.1. mime.types
application/postscript          ps eps
application/pgp                 pgp
audio/x-aiff                    aif aifc aiff

   A sample mime.types file comes with the NeoMutt distribution, and
   should contain most of the MIME types you are likely to use.

   If NeoMutt can not determine the MIME type by the extension of the file
   you attach, it will run the command specified in
   $mime_type_query_command. If that command is not specified, NeoMutt
   will look at the file. If the file is free of binary information,
   NeoMutt will assume that the file is plain text, and mark it as
   text/plain. If the file contains binary information, then NeoMutt will
   mark it as application/octet-stream. You can change the MIME type that
   NeoMutt assigns to an attachment by using the <edit-type> command from
   the compose menu (default: ^T), see Table 5.1, "Supported MIME types"
   for supported major types. NeoMutt recognizes all of these if the
   appropriate entry is found in the mime.types file. Non-recognized mime
   types should only be used if the recipient of the message is likely to
   be expecting such attachments.

   Table 5.1. Supported MIME types
   MIME major type Standard                Description
   application     yes      General application data
   audio           yes      Audio data
   image           yes      Image data
   message         yes      Mail messages, message status information
   model           yes      VRML and other modeling data
   multipart       yes      Container for other MIME parts
   text            yes      Text data
   video           yes      Video data
   chemical        no       Mostly molecular data

   MIME types are not arbitrary, they need to be assigned by IANA.

3. MIME Viewer Configuration with Mailcap

   NeoMutt supports RFC1524 MIME Configuration, in particular the Unix
   specific format specified in Appendix A of RFC1524. This file format is
   commonly referred to as the "mailcap" format. Many MIME compliant
   programs utilize the mailcap format, allowing you to specify handling
   for all MIME types in one place for all programs. Programs known to use
   this format include Firefox, lynx and metamail.

   In order to handle various MIME types that NeoMutt doesn't have
   built-in support for, it parses a series of external configuration
   files to find an external handler. The default search string for these
   files is a colon delimited list containing the following files:
    1. $HOME/.mailcap
    2. $PKGDATADIR/mailcap
    3. $SYSCONFDIR/mailcap
    4. /etc/mailcap
    5. /usr/etc/mailcap
    6. /usr/local/etc/mailcap

   where $HOME is your home directory. The $PKGDATADIR and the $SYSCONFDIR
   directories depend on where NeoMutt is installed: the former is the
   default for shared data, the latter for system configuration files.

   The default search path can be obtained by running the following
   command:
neomutt -nF /dev/null -Q mailcap_path

   In particular, the metamail distribution will install a mailcap file,
   usually as /usr/local/etc/mailcap, which contains some baseline
   entries.

3.1. The Basics of the Mailcap File

   A mailcap file consists of a series of lines which are comments, blank,
   or definitions.

   A comment line consists of a # character followed by anything you want.

   A blank line is blank.

   A definition line consists of a content type, a view command, and any
   number of optional fields. Each field of a definition line is divided
   by a semicolon ";" character.

   The content type is specified in the MIME standard "type/subtype"
   notation. For example, text/plain, text/html, image/gif, etc. In
   addition, the mailcap format includes two formats for wildcards, one
   using the special "*" subtype, the other is the implicit wild, where
   you only include the major type. For example, image/*, or video will
   match all image types and video types, respectively.

   The view command is a Unix command for viewing the type specified.
   There are two different types of commands supported. The default is to
   send the body of the MIME message to the command on stdin. You can
   change this behavior by using %s as a parameter to your view command.
   This will cause NeoMutt to save the body of the MIME message to a
   temporary file, and then call the view command with the %s replaced by
   the name of the temporary file. In both cases, NeoMutt will turn over
   the terminal to the view program until the program quits, at which time
   NeoMutt will remove the temporary file if it exists. This means that
   mailcap does not work out of the box with programs which detach
   themselves from the terminal right after starting, like open on Mac OS
   X. In order to nevertheless use these programs with mailcap, you
   probably need custom shell scripts.

   So, in the simplest form, you can send a text/plain message to the
   external pager more on standard input:
text/plain; more

   Or, you could send the message as a file:
text/plain; more %s

   Perhaps you would like to use lynx to interactively view a text/html
   message:
text/html; lynx %s

   In this case, lynx does not support viewing a file from standard input,
   so you must use the %s syntax.

Note

   Some older versions of lynx contain a bug where they will check the
   mailcap file for a viewer for text/html. They will find the line which
   calls lynx, and run it. This causes lynx to continuously spawn itself
   to view the object.

   On the other hand, maybe you don't want to use lynx interactively, you
   just want to have it convert the text/html to text/plain, then you can
   use:
text/html; lynx -dump %s | more

   Perhaps you wish to use lynx to view text/html files, and a pager on
   all other text formats, then you would use the following:
text/html; lynx %s
text/*; more

3.2. Secure Use of Mailcap

   The interpretation of shell meta-characters embedded in MIME parameters
   can lead to security problems in general. NeoMutt tries to quote
   parameters in expansion of %s syntaxes properly, and avoids risky
   characters by substituting them, see the $mailcap_sanitize variable.

   Although NeoMutt's procedures to invoke programs with mailcap seem to
   be safe, there are other applications parsing mailcap, maybe taking
   less care of it. Therefore you should pay attention to the following
   rules:

   Keep the %-expandos away from shell quoting. Don't quote them with
   single or double quotes. NeoMutt does this for you, the right way, as
   should any other program which interprets mailcap. Don't put them into
   backtick expansions. Be highly careful with eval statements, and avoid
   them if possible at all. Trying to fix broken behavior with quotes
   introduces new leaks - there is no alternative to correct quoting in
   the first place.

   If you have to use the %-expandos' values in context where you need
   quoting or backtick expansions, put that value into a shell variable
   and reference the shell variable where necessary, as in the following
   example (using $charset inside the backtick expansion is safe, since it
   is not itself subject to any further expansion):
text/test-mailcap-bug; cat %s; copiousoutput; test=charset=%{charset} \
        && test "`echo $charset | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`" != iso-8859-1

3.3. Advanced Mailcap Usage

3.3.1. Optional Fields

   In addition to the required content-type and view command fields, you
   can add semi-colon ";" separated fields to set flags and other options.
   NeoMutt recognizes the following optional fields:

   copiousoutput
          This flag tells NeoMutt that the command passes possibly large
          amounts of text on standard output. This causes NeoMutt to
          invoke a pager (either the internal pager or the external pager
          defined by the pager variable) on the output of the view
          command. Without this flag, NeoMutt assumes that the command is
          interactive. One could use this to replace the pipe to more in
          the lynx -dump example in the Basic section:

text/html; lynx -dump %s ; copiousoutput

          This will cause lynx to format the text/html output as
          text/plain and NeoMutt will use your standard pager to display
          the results.

          NeoMutt will set the COLUMNS environment variable to the width
          of the pager. Some programs make use of this environment
          variable automatically. Others provide a command line argument
          that can use this to set the output width:

text/html; lynx -dump -width ${COLUMNS:-80} %s; copiousoutput

          Note that when using the built-in pager, only entries with this
          flag will be considered a handler for a MIME type - all other
          entries will be ignored.

   needsterminal
          NeoMutt uses this flag when viewing attachments with auto_view,
          in order to decide whether it should honor the setting of the
          $wait_key variable or not. When an attachment is viewed using an
          interactive program, and the corresponding mailcap entry has a
          needsterminal flag, NeoMutt will use $wait_key and the exit
          status of the program to decide if it will ask you to press a
          key after the external program has exited. In all other
          situations it will not prompt you for a key.

   compose=<command>
          This flag specifies the command to use to create a new
          attachment of a specific MIME type. NeoMutt supports this from
          the compose menu.

   composetyped=<command>
          This flag specifies the command to use to create a new
          attachment of a specific MIME type. This command differs from
          the compose command in that NeoMutt will expect standard MIME
          headers on the data. This can be used to specify parameters,
          filename, description, etc. for a new attachment. NeoMutt
          supports this from the compose menu.

   print=<command>
          This flag specifies the command to use to print a specific MIME
          type. NeoMutt supports this from the attachment and compose
          menus.

   edit=<command>
          This flag specifies the command to use to edit a specific MIME
          type. NeoMutt supports this from the compose menu, and also uses
          it to compose new attachments. NeoMutt will default to the
          defined $editor for text attachments.

   nametemplate=<template>
          This field specifies the format for the file denoted by %s in
          the command fields. Certain programs will require a certain file
          extension, for instance, to correctly view a file. For instance,
          lynx will only interpret a file as text/html if the file ends in
          .html. So, you would specify lynx as a text/html viewer with a
          line in the mailcap file like:

text/html; lynx %s; nametemplate=%s.html

   test=<command>
          This field specifies a command to run to test whether this
          mailcap entry should be used. The command is defined with the
          command expansion rules defined in the next section. If the
          command returns 0, then the test passed, and NeoMutt uses this
          entry. If the command returns non-zero, then the test failed,
          and NeoMutt continues searching for the right entry. Note that
          the content-type must match before NeoMutt performs the test.
          For example:

text/html; firefox -remote 'openURL(%s)' ; test=RunningX
text/html; lynx %s

          In this example, NeoMutt will run the program RunningX which
          will return 0 if the X Window manager is running, and non-zero
          if it isn't. If RunningX returns 0, then NeoMutt will run
          firefox to display the text/html object. If RunningX doesn't
          return 0, then NeoMutt will go on to the next entry and use lynx
          to display the text/html object.

   x-neomutt-keep
          x-neomutt-keep tells NeoMutt to not delete the temporary file
          after the program has been run.

          Using it allows you to control the lifespan of the temporary
          file. Without this option, the file will be deleted after
          $timeout seconds.

text/html; firefox %s & x-neomutt-keep

   x-neomutt-nowrap
          x-neomutt-nowrap tells the NeoMutt pager to ignore the $wrap
          parameter and to assume the output from the mailcap command to
          already be correctly wrapped.

text/html; /usr/local/bin/w3m -s -T text/html -o display_link_number=1 %s; namet
emplate=%s.html; copiousoutput; x-neomutt-nowrap;

3.3.2. Search Order

   When searching for an entry in the mailcap file, NeoMutt will search
   for the most useful entry for its purpose. For instance, if you are
   attempting to print an image/gif, and you have the following entries in
   your mailcap file, NeoMutt will search for an entry with the print
   command:
image/*;        xv %s
image/gif;      ; print=anytopnm %s | pnmtops | lpr; \
                nametemplate=%s.gif

   NeoMutt will skip the image/* entry and use the image/gif entry with
   the print command.

   In addition, you can use this with auto_view to denote two commands for
   viewing an attachment, one to be viewed automatically, the other to be
   viewed interactively from the attachment menu using the <view-mailcap>
   function (bound to "m" by default). In addition, you can then use the
   test feature to determine which viewer to use interactively depending
   on your environment.
text/html;      firefox -remote 'openURL(%s)' ; test=RunningX
text/html;      lynx %s; nametemplate=%s.html
text/html;      lynx -dump %s; nametemplate=%s.html; copiousoutput

   For auto_view, NeoMutt will choose the third entry because of the
   copiousoutput tag. For interactive viewing, NeoMutt will run the
   program RunningX to determine if it should use the first entry. If the
   program returns non-zero, NeoMutt will use the second entry for
   interactive viewing. The last entry is for inline display in the pager
   and the <view-attach> function in the attachment menu.

   Entries with the copiousoutput tag should always be specified as the
   last one per type. For non-interactive use, the last entry will then
   actually be the first matching one with the tag set. For
   non-interactive use, only copiousoutput-tagged entries are considered.
   For interactive use, NeoMutt ignores this tag and treats all entries
   equally. Therefore, if not specified last, all following entries
   without this tag would never be considered for <view-attach> because
   the copiousoutput before them matched already.

3.3.3. Command Expansion

   The various commands defined in the mailcap files are passed to the
   /bin/sh shell using the system(3) function. Before the command is
   passed to /bin/sh -c, it is parsed to expand various special parameters
   with information from NeoMutt. The keywords NeoMutt expands are:

   %s
          As seen in the basic mailcap section, this variable is expanded
          to a filename specified by the calling program. This file
          contains the body of the message to view/print/edit or where the
          composing program should place the results of composition. In
          addition, the use of this keyword causes NeoMutt to not pass the
          body of the message to the view/print/edit program on stdin.

   %t
          NeoMutt will expand %t to the text representation of the content
          type of the message in the same form as the first parameter of
          the mailcap definition line, i.e. text/html or image/gif.

   %{<parameter>}
          NeoMutt will expand this to the value of the specified parameter
          from the Content-Type: line of the mail message. For instance,
          if your mail message contains:

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1

          then NeoMutt will expand %{charset} to "iso-8859-1". The default
          metamail mailcap file uses this feature to test the charset to
          spawn an xterm using the right charset to view the message.

   \%
          This will be replaced by a literal %.

   NeoMutt does not currently support the %F and %n keywords specified in
   RFC1524. The main purpose of these parameters is for multipart
   messages, which is handled internally by NeoMutt.

3.4. Example Mailcap Files

   This mailcap file is fairly simple and standard:
# I'm always running X :)
video/*;        xanim %s > /dev/null
image/*;        xv %s > /dev/null
# I'm always running firefox (if my computer had more memory, maybe)
text/html;      firefox -remote 'openURL(%s)'

   These mailcap files shows how to control the lifespan of the temporary
   file.
# The `display` program shows an image and doesn't return until the user quits.

# Display an image, but wait for the user to quit the display program.
# When the user quits control will return to NeoMutt.
image/png; display %s;

# Display an image and return to NeoMutt immediately.
image/png; display %s &;

# The file will be automatically deleted after $timeout seconds.

# Some graphical programs return immediately if they're already running.
# We'll add an ampersand (&), just in case they're not.

# View the contents of a 'tar' file.
# The file will be automatically deleted after $timeout seconds.
application/x-tar; file-roller %s &;

# View the contents of a 'tar' file.
# The file will not be deleted.
application/x-tar; file-roller %s &; x-neomutt-keep

# Some programs watch any files they have open.
# If NeoMutt deleted the file, the program would close prematurely.

# Use a custom script to manage the file's lifespan.
application/pdf; my-pdf-script.sh %s; x-neomutt-keep

   This mailcap file shows quite a number of examples:
# Use xanim to view all videos Xanim produces a header on startup,
# send that to /dev/null so I don't see it
video/*;        xanim %s > /dev/null
# Send html to a running firefox by remote
text/html;      firefox -remote 'openURL(%s)'; test=RunningFirefox
# If I'm not running firefox but I am running X, start firefox on the
# object
text/html;      firefox %s; test=RunningX
# Else use lynx to view it as text
text/html;      lynx %s
# This version would convert the text/html to text/plain
text/html;      lynx -dump %s; copiousoutput
# I use enscript to print text in two columns to a page
text/*;         more %s; print=enscript -2Gr %s
# Firefox adds a flag to tell itself to view jpegs internally
image/jpeg;     xv %s; x-mozilla-flags=internal
# Use xv to view images if I'm running X
# In addition, this uses the \ to extend the line and set my editor
# for images
image/*;        xv %s; test=RunningX; edit=xpaint %s
# Convert images to text using the netpbm tools
image/*;        (anytopnm %s | pnmscale -xysize 80 46 | ppmtopgm | pgmtopbm | \
                pbmtoascii -1x2) 2>&1 ; copiousoutput
# Send excel spreadsheets to my NT box
application/ms-excel;   open.pl %s

4. MIME Autoview

   Usage:

   auto_view mime-type [ /mime-subtype ] [ mime-type [ /mime-subtype ]
   ...]
   unauto_view { * | [ mime-type [ /mime-subtype ] ...]}

   In addition to explicitly telling NeoMutt to view an attachment with
   the MIME viewer defined in the mailcap file from the attachments menu,
   NeoMutt has support for automatically viewing MIME attachments while in
   the pager.

   For this to work, you must define a viewer in the mailcap file which
   uses the copiousoutput option to denote that it is non-interactive.
   Usually, you also use the entry to convert the attachment to a text
   representation which you can view in the pager.

   You then use the auto_view configuration command to list the
   content-types that you wish to view automatically. For instance, if you
   set it to:
auto_view text/html application/x-gunzip \
  application/postscript image/gif application/x-tar-gz

   ...NeoMutt would try to find corresponding entries for rendering
   attachments of these types as text. A corresponding mailcap could look
   like:
text/html;              lynx -dump %s; copiousoutput; nametemplate=%s.html
image/*;                anytopnm %s | pnmscale -xsize 80 -ysize 50 | ppmtopgm |
\
                        pgmtopbm | pbmtoascii ; copiousoutput
application/x-gunzip;   gzcat; copiousoutput
application/x-tar-gz;   gunzip -c %s | tar -tf - ; copiousoutput
application/postscript; ps2ascii %s; copiousoutput

   unauto_view can be used to remove previous entries from the auto_view
   list. This can be used with message-hook to autoview messages based on
   size, etc. "unauto_view *" will remove all previous entries.

5. MIME Multipart/Alternative

   A multipart/alternative email has several parts that represent the same
   content in different formats, such as text/plain and text/html. This
   kind of email is heavily used by many modern mail user agents to send
   HTML messages which contain an alternative plain text representation.
   You can read and write multipart/alternative emails in NeoMutt.

5.1. Reading Multipart/Alternative Emails

   NeoMutt has some heuristics for determining which attachment of a
   multipart/alternative type to display:
    1. First, NeoMutt will check the alternative_order list to determine
       if one of the available types is preferred. It consists of a number
       of MIME types in order, including support for implicit and explicit
       wildcards. For example:
alternative_order text/enriched text/plain text application/postscript image/*

    2. Next, NeoMutt will check if any of the types have a defined
       auto_view, and use that.
    3. Failing that, NeoMutt will look first for text/enriched, followed
       by text/plain, and finally text/html.
    4. As a last attempt, NeoMutt will look for any type it knows how to
       handle.

   To remove a MIME type from the alternative_order list, use the
   unalternative_order command.

5.2. Composing Multipart/Alternative Emails

   Noemutt includes some primitive ability to compose
   multipart/alternative emails:
    1. In the Compose menu, attach the two (or more) alternatives as
       usual. For example, attach "invitation.html" and then
       "invitation.txt". (You can reorder them using the <move-up> (-) and
       <move-down> (+) bindings, and edit the descriptions).
    2. Tag the attachments that are alternatives, and press the
       <group-alternatives> (&) binding to group them together. After
       this, the separate parts will be displayed in a tree structure.
       Attachments can still be edited separately and reordered within the
       group, but must be ungrouped using the <ungroup-attachment> (#)
       binding for more advanced editing before tagging and grouping
       together again as described above.
    3. Send the email as usual.

   If all the attachments have been grouped and form a single
   multipart/alternative, part then this message will be sent as a
   multipart/alternative email, otherwise it will be sent as a
   multipart/mixed email.

   Be aware that when sending a multipart/alternative email, you have to
   manually prepare the alternative parts and attach them. However, you
   can use NeoMutt's macro to perform all the operations needed, such that
   you can compose a plain text email as usual and turn that into a
   multipart/alternative email in one single command, with one part being
   text/plain and the other text/html. An example macro which adds an HTML
   part to the main body of an email and sends it could be the following:
macro compose Y "<first-entry><enter-command>set wait_key=no<enter>\
<pipe-entry>pandoc -o /tmp/neomutt-alternative.html<enter>\
<attach-file>/tmp/neomutt-alternative.html<enter>\
<toggle-unlink><toggle-disposition>\
<tag-entry><first-entry><tag-entry><group-alternatives>\
<enter-command>set wait_key=yes<enter><send-message>" \
"send the message as 'multipart/alternative'"

6. MIME Multipart/Multilingual

   NeoMutt includes supports for reading and writing
   multipart/multilingual emails. A multipart/multilingual email is like a
   multipart/alternative email, except that it comes with parts of
   different versions of languages instead of appearances. Its format is
   described by RFC8255.

6.1. Reading Multipart/Multilingual Emails

   NeoMutt uses the $preferred_languages variable to determine which
   languages to display when displaying a multipart/multilingual email.
   You can have several preferred languages, separated by ,
set preferred_languages="fr,en,de"

   NeoMutt will try to match these strings again the multilingual header
   in the received emails "by prefix", e.g., en will match both en and
   en_US.

   If $preferred_languages is not set, it default to None, and the first
   part of the received multipart/multilingual email will be displayed.

6.2. Composing Multipart/Multilingual Emails

   The procedures of composing a multipart/multilingual email is similar
   to those in Composing Multipart/Alternative. You have to prepare every
   part manually or using some scripts, and then tag and group them
   together into a multipart/multilingual bundle before sending it:
    1. Prepare parts of the multilingual emails.
    2. Attach them as attachments.
    3. Tag them with <tag-entry>
    4. Edit the Content-Language header of every attachment with command
       <edit-language> (default to Ctrl-L). This is important, otherwise
       the recipient of this email will not know the corresponding
       languages. You can set arbitrary string as Content-Language, but it
       is recommended to set it as some common prefixes such as "en", "zh"
       and "fr".
    5. Group all the tag messages together by <group-multilingual>
       (default to ^).
    6. Send the email as usual.

   As in Composing Multipart/Alternative, you can also use NeoMutt's macro
   and some external scripts to combine this procedure into one.

   After grouping the separate parts will be displayed in a tree
   structure. Attachments can still be edited separately and reordered
   within the group, but must be ungrouped using the <ungroup-attachment>
   (#) binding for more advanced editing before tagging and grouping
   together again as described above.

7. MIME Multipart/Related

   NeoMutt doesn't include any special support for reading
   multipart/related emails, but it is possible to write a
   multipart/related email. A multipart/related attachment is intended for
   compound objects consisting of several inter-related body parts which
   are linked together using the Content-ID header. Its format is
   described by RFC2387.

7.1. Composing Multipart/Related Emails

   The procedure for composing a multipart/related email is similar to
   that in Composing Multipart/Alternative. You have to prepare every part
   manually or using some scripts, and then tag and group them together
   into a multipart/related bundle before sending it:
    1. Prepare parts of the related email.
    2. Attach them as attachments.
    3. Tag them with <tag-entry>
    4. One part can reference another using its Content-ID header. For
       example, an HTML part that includes an embedded image needs to
       contain: <img src="cid:content-id"> where an attached image has a
       Content-ID header of content-id. The Content-ID of an attachment
       can be set using <edit-content-id> (default key Alt-i).
       <edit-content-id> sets a random ID which can then be changed if
       desired. Permitted characters for Content-ID are: -.0-9@A-Z_a-z.
       If the multipart/related group is intended to be inline, members of
       the group should also have their Content-Disposition header set to
       inline which can be toggled using <toggle-disposition> (default key
       Ctrl-D).
       It can also be desirable to give referenced files in the group a
       filename even when the Content-Disposition is set to be inline. To
       do this use <rename-attachment> (default key Ctrl-O).
    5. Group all the tagged messages together with <group-related>
       (default key %).
       Top level attachments (excluding multipart ones) in the group are
       automatically given a random Content-ID if they do not already have
       one.
    6. Send the email as usual.

   Some care needs to be taken with the construction of a
   multipart/related email to ensure it is correctly displayed by the
   receiving mail client. A typical email with a multipart/alternative
   part containing a text/plain part and a text/html part with an embedded
   image, along with a separate attachment might end up like this:
  I     1 <no description>                                         [multipart/re
lated, 7bit, 0K]
  I     2 +-><no description>                                  [multipart/altern
ative, 7bit, 0K]
- I     3 | +->/tmp/neomutt-hostname-XXXX-XXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX   [text/plain, 7bit,
 us-ascii, 0.1K]
- I     4 | +->/tmp/neomutt-alternative.html                      [text/html, 8b
it, utf-8, 0.6K]
  I     5 +->image.png                                                  [image/p
ng, base64, 19K]
  A     6 attachment.pdf                                         [application/pd
f, quoted, 7.1K]

   In the above email /tmp/neomutt-alternative.html would reference
   image.png using <img src="cid:content-id"> and image.png has been given
   an explicit name of image.png using <rename-attachment> (regardless of
   its initial filename). <group-related> has set its Content-ID header to
   a random value.

8. Attachment Searching and Counting

   If you ever lose track of attachments in your mailboxes, NeoMutt's
   attachment-counting and -searching support might be for you. You can
   make your message index display the number of qualifying attachments in
   each message, or search for messages by attachment count. You also can
   configure what kinds of attachments qualify for this feature with the
   attachments and unattachments commands.

   In order to provide this information, NeoMutt needs to fully MIME-parse
   all messages affected first. This can slow down operation especially
   for remote mail folders such as IMAP because all messages have to be
   downloaded first regardless whether the user really wants to view them
   or not though using Section 8.2, "Body Caching" usually means to
   download the message just once.

   By default, NeoMutt will not search inside multipart/alternative
   containers. This can be changed via the $count_alternatives
   configuration variable.

   The syntax is:

   attachments { + | - } disposition mime-type [ mime-type ...]
   unattachments { + | - } disposition mime-type [ mime-type ...]
   attachments ?
   unattachments *

   disposition is the attachment's Content-Disposition type - either
   inline or attachment. You can abbreviate this to I or A.

   Disposition is prefixed by either a "+" symbol or a "-" symbol. If it's
   a "+", you're saying that you want to allow this disposition and MIME
   type to qualify. If it's a "-", you're saying that this disposition and
   MIME type is an exception to previous "+" rules. There are examples
   below of how this is useful.

   mime-type is the MIME type of the attachment you want the command to
   affect. A MIME type is always of the format major/minor, where major
   describes the broad category of document you're looking at, and minor
   describes the specific type within that category. The major part of
   mime-type must be literal text (or the special token "*"), but the
   minor part may be a regular expression. (Therefore, "*/.*" matches any
   MIME type.)

   The MIME types you give to the attachments directive are a kind of
   pattern. When you use the attachments directive, the patterns you
   specify are added to a list. When you use unattachments, the pattern is
   removed from the list. The patterns are not expanded and matched to
   specific MIME types at this time - they're just text in a list. They're
   only matched when actually evaluating a message.

   Note that the first MIME part is treated slightly differently: It is
   almost always the message text. Thus, it is not counted as an
   attachment if its disposition is inline and it is not a multipart/* or
   message/* MIME-type.

   Some examples might help to illustrate. The examples that are not
   commented out define the default configuration of the lists.

   Example 5.2. Attachment counting
# Removing a pattern from a list removes that pattern literally. It
# does not remove any type matching the pattern.
#
#  attachments   +A */.*
#  attachments   +A image/jpeg
#  unattachments +A */.*
#
# This leaves "attached" image/jpeg files on the allowed attachments
# list. It does not remove all items, as you might expect, because the
# second */.* is not a matching expression at this time.
#
# Remember: "unattachments" only undoes what "attachments" has done!
# It does not trigger any matching on actual messages.
#
# Qualify any MIME part with an "attachment" disposition, EXCEPT for
# text/vcard, text/x-vcard, application/pgp.*, application/pkcs7-.* and
# application/x-pkcs7-.* parts. (PGP and S/MIME parts are already known
# to NeoMutt, and can be searched for with ~g, ~G, and ~k.)
#
# I've added pkcs7/x-pkcs7 to this, since it functions (for S/MIME)
# analogously to PGP signature attachments. S/MIME isn't supported
# in a stock NeoMutt build, but we can still treat it specially here.
#
attachments  +A */.*
attachments  -A text/vcard text/x-vcard
attachments  -A application/pgp.*
attachments  -A application/pkcs7-.* application/x-pkcs7-.*
# Discount all MIME parts with an "inline" disposition, unless they're
# text/plain. (Why inline a text/plain part unless it's external to the
# message flow?)
attachments  +I text/plain
# These two lines make NeoMutt qualify MIME containers. (So, for example,
# a message/rfc822 forward will count as an attachment.) The first
# line is unnecessary if you already have "attach-allow */.*", of
# course. These are off by default! The MIME elements contained
# within a message/* or multipart/* are still examined, even if the
# containers themselves don't qualify.
# Recursion into multipart/alternatives containers is controlled by the
# $count_alternatives setting.

#attachments  +A message/.* multipart/.*
#attachments  +I message/.* multipart/.*
## You probably don't really care to know about deleted attachments.
attachments  -A message/external-body
attachments  -I message/external-body

   Entering the command "attachments ?" as a command will list your
   current settings in neomuttrc format, so that it can be pasted
   elsewhere.

   Entering the command "unattachments *" as a command will Clear all
   attachment settings.

9. MIME Lookup

   Usage:

   mime_lookup mime-type [ /mime-subtype ] [ mime-type [ /mime-subtype ]
   ...]
   unmime_lookup { * | [ mime-type [ /mime-subtype ] ...]}

   NeoMutt's mime_lookup list specifies a list of MIME types that should
   not be treated according to their mailcap entry. This option is
   designed to deal with binary types such as application/octet-stream.
   When an attachment's MIME type is listed in mime_lookup, then the
   extension of the filename will be compared to the list of extensions in
   the mime.types file. The MIME type associated with this extension will
   then be used to process the attachment according to the rules in the
   mailcap file and according to any other configuration options (such as
   auto_view) specified. Common usage would be:
mime_lookup application/octet-stream application/X-Lotus-Manuscript

   In addition, the unmime_lookup command may be used to disable this
   feature for any particular MIME type if it had been set, for example,
   in a global .neomuttrc.

Chapter 6. Optional Features

   Table of Contents

   1. General Notes

        1.1. Enabling/Disabling Features
        1.2. URL Syntax

   2. SSL/TLS Support

        2.1. STARTTLS
        2.2. Tunnel

   3. POP3 Support

        3.1. Remote POP3 mailboxes
        3.2. Fetching mail from a POP3 server

   4. IMAP Support

        4.1. The IMAP Folder Browser
        4.2. Authentication

   5. SMTP Support
   6. OAUTHBEARER and XOAUTH2 Support
   7. Managing Multiple Accounts
   8. Local Caching

        8.1. Header Caching
        8.2. Body Caching
        8.3. Cache Directories
        8.4. Maintenance

   9. Account Command Feature

        9.1. Support
        9.2. Introduction
        9.3. Usage
        9.4. Known Bugs
        9.5. Credits

   10. Attach Headers Color Feature

        10.1. Support
        10.2. Introduction
        10.3. Usage
        10.4. neomuttrc
        10.5. See Also
        10.6. Known Bugs
        10.7. Credits

   11. Command-line Crypto (-C) Feature

        11.1. Support
        11.2. Introduction
        11.3. Usage
        11.4. neomuttrc
        11.5. gitconfig
        11.6. Credits

   12. Compose Message Preview Feature

        12.1. Support
        12.2. Introduction
        12.3. Variables
        12.4. Functions
        12.5. Limitations
        12.6. Credits

   13. Compose to Sender Feature

        13.1. Support
        13.2. Introduction
        13.3. Functions
        13.4. neomuttrc
        13.5. Known Bugs
        13.6. Credits

   14. Compressed Folders Feature

        14.1. Support
        14.2. Introduction
        14.3. Commands
        14.4. neomuttrc
        14.5. See Also
        14.6. Credits

   15. Conditional Dates Feature

        15.1. Support
        15.2. Introduction
        15.3. Variables
        15.4. neomuttrc
        15.5. See Also
        15.6. Known Bugs
        15.7. Credits

   16. Encrypt-to-Self Feature

        16.1. Support
        16.2. Introduction
        16.3. Variables
        16.4. neomuttrc
        16.5. Known Bugs
        16.6. Credits

   17. Encryption information block

        17.1. Support
        17.2. Introduction
        17.3. Usage
        17.4. Credits

   18. Fmemopen Feature

        18.1. Support
        18.2. Introduction
        18.3. See Also
        18.4. Known Bugs
        18.5. Credits

   19. Forgotten Attachment Feature

        19.1. Support
        19.2. Introduction
        19.3. Variables
        19.4. neomuttrc
        19.5. See Also
        19.6. Known Bugs
        19.7. Credits

   20. Global Hooks

        20.1. Introduction
        20.2. Commands
        20.3. neomuttrc
        20.4. See Also
        20.5. Known Bugs
        20.6. Credits

   21. Header Cache Compression Feature

        21.1. Support
        21.2. Introduction
        21.3. Variables
        21.4. neomuttrc
        21.5. Known Bugs
        21.6. Credits

   22. Ifdef Feature

        22.1. Support
        22.2. Introduction
        22.3. Commands
        22.4. neomuttrc
        22.5. Known Bugs
        22.6. Credits

   23. Index Color Feature

        23.1. Support
        23.2. Introduction
        23.3. Colors
        23.4. neomuttrc
        23.5. See Also
        23.6. Known Bugs
        23.7. Credits

   24. Initials Expando Feature

        24.1. Support
        24.2. Introduction
        24.3. Variables
        24.4. neomuttrc
        24.5. See Also
        24.6. Known Bugs
        24.7. Credits

   25. Kyoto Cabinet Feature

        25.1. Support
        25.2. Introduction
        25.3. See Also
        25.4. Known Bugs
        25.5. Credits

   26. Limit Current Thread Feature

        26.1. Support
        26.2. Introduction
        26.3. Functions
        26.4. neomuttrc
        26.5. Known Bugs
        26.6. Credits

   27. LMDB Feature

        27.1. Support
        27.2. Introduction
        27.3. See Also
        27.4. Known Bugs
        27.5. Credits

   28. Multiple FCC Feature

        28.1. Support
        28.2. Introduction
        28.3. See Also
        28.4. Known Bugs
        28.5. Credits

   29. Nested If Feature

        29.1. Support
        29.2. Introduction
        29.3. Variables
        29.4. neomuttrc
        29.5. See Also
        29.6. Known Bugs
        29.7. Credits

   30. New Mail Feature

        30.1. Support
        30.2. Introduction
        30.3. Variables
        30.4. neomuttrc
        30.5. See Also
        30.6. Known Bugs
        30.7. Credits

   31. NNTP Feature

        31.1. Support
        31.2. Introduction
        31.3. Variables
        31.4. Functions
        31.5. neomuttrc
        31.6. Known Bugs
        31.7. Credits

   32. Custom backend based Tags Feature

        32.1. Support
        32.2. Introduction
        32.3. Variables
        32.4. Functions
        32.5. Commands
        32.6. Colors
        32.7. neomuttrc
        32.8. Credits

   33. Notmuch Feature

        33.1. Support
        33.2. Introduction
        33.3. Using Notmuch
        33.4. Variables
        33.5. Functions
        33.6. Colors
        33.7. neomuttrc
        33.8. See Also
        33.9. Known Bugs
        33.10. Credits

   34. Pager Read Delay Feature

        34.1. Support
        34.2. Introduction
        34.3. Functions
        34.4. Variables
        34.5. neomuttrc
        34.6. Known Bugs
        34.7. Credits

   35. Progress Bar Feature

        35.1. Support
        35.2. Introduction
        35.3. Colors
        35.4. neomuttrc
        35.5. See Also
        35.6. Known Bugs
        35.7. Credits

   36. Quasi-Delete Feature

        36.1. Support
        36.2. Introduction
        36.3. Functions
        36.4. neomuttrc
        36.5. See Also
        36.6. Known Bugs
        36.7. Credits

   37. Reply With X-Original-To Feature

        37.1. Support
        37.2. Introduction
        37.3. Variables
        37.4. neomuttrc
        37.5. Credits

   38. Sensible Browser Feature

        38.1. Support
        38.2. Introduction
        38.3. See Also
        38.4. Known Bugs
        38.5. Credits

   39. Sidebar Feature

        39.1. Support
        39.2. Introduction
        39.3. Variables
        39.4. Functions
        39.5. Commands
        39.6. Colors
        39.7. Sort
        39.8. neomuttrc
        39.9. See Also
        39.10. Known Bugs
        39.11. Credits

   40. Skip Quoted Feature

        40.1. Support
        40.2. Introduction
        40.3. Functions
        40.4. Variables
        40.5. neomuttrc
        40.6. Known Bugs
        40.7. Credits

   41. Status Color Feature

        41.1. Support
        41.2. Introduction
        41.3. Commands
        41.4. Colors
        41.5. neomuttrc
        41.6. See Also
        41.7. Known Bugs
        41.8. Credits

   42. TLS-SNI Feature

        42.1. Support
        42.2. Introduction
        42.3. Known Bugs
        42.4. Credits

   43. Trash Folder Feature

        43.1. Support
        43.2. Introduction
        43.3. Variables
        43.4. Functions
        43.5. neomuttrc
        43.6. See Also
        43.7. Known Bugs
        43.8. Credits

   44. Use Threads Feature

        44.1. Support
        44.2. Introduction
        44.3. Functions
        44.4. Variables
        44.5. Use Threads
        44.6. neomuttrc
        44.7. Known Bugs
        44.8. Credits

   45. Autocrypt

        45.1. Requirements
        45.2. First Run
        45.3. Compose Menu
        45.4. Account Management
        45.5. Alternative Key and Keyring Strategies

1. General Notes

1.1. Enabling/Disabling Features

   NeoMutt supports several of optional features which can be enabled or
   disabled at compile-time by giving the configure script certain
   arguments. These are listed in the "Optional features" section of the
   configure --help output.

   Which features are enabled or disabled can later be determined from the
   output of neomutt -v. If a compile option starts with "+" it is enabled
   and disabled if prefixed with "-". For example, if NeoMutt was compiled
   using GnuTLS for encrypted communication instead of OpenSSL, neomutt -v
   would contain:
-openssl +gnutls

1.2. URL Syntax

   NeoMutt optionally supports the IMAP, POP3 and SMTP protocols which
   require to access servers using URLs. The canonical syntax for
   specifying URLs in NeoMutt is (an item enclosed in [] means it is
   optional and may be omitted):
proto[s]://[username[:password]@]server[:port][/path]

   proto is the communication protocol: imap for IMAP, pop for POP3 and
   smtp for SMTP. If "s" for "secure communication" is appended, NeoMutt
   will attempt to establish an encrypted communication using SSL or TLS.

   Since all protocols supported by NeoMutt support/require
   authentication, login credentials may be specified in the URL. This has
   the advantage that multiple IMAP, POP3 or SMTP servers may be specified
   (which isn't possible using, for example, $imap_user). The username may
   contain the "@" symbol being used by many mail systems as part of the
   login name. The special characters "/" (%2F), ":" (%3A) and "%" (%25)
   have to be URL-encoded in usernames using the %-notation.

   A password can be given, too but is not recommended if the URL is
   specified in a configuration file on disk.

   If no port number is given, NeoMutt will use the system's default for
   the given protocol (usually consulting /etc/services).

   The optional path is only relevant for IMAP and ignored elsewhere.

   Example 6.1. URLs
pops://host/
imaps://user@host/INBOX/Sent
smtp://user@host:587/

2. SSL/TLS Support

   If NeoMutt is compiled with IMAP, POP3 and/or SMTP support, it can also
   be compiled with support for SSL or TLS using either OpenSSL or GnuTLS
   (by running the configure script with the --ssl=... option for OpenSSL
   or --gnutls=... for GnuTLS). NeoMutt can then attempt to encrypt
   communication with remote servers if these protocols are suffixed with
   "s" for "secure communication".

2.1. STARTTLS

   When non-secure URL protocols imap://, pop://, and smtp:// are used,
   the initial connection to the server will be unencrypted. STARTTLS can
   be used to negotiate an encrypted connection after the initial
   unencrypted connection and exchange.

   Two configuration variables control NeoMutt's behavior with STARTTLS.
   $ssl_starttls will initiate STARTTLS if the server advertises support
   for it. $ssl_force_tls will always try to initiate it, whether the
   server advertises support or not.

   NeoMutt highly recommends setting $ssl_force_tls unless you need to
   connect to an unencrypted server. It's possible for an attacker to
   spoof interactions during the initial connection and hide support for
   STARTTLS. The only way to prevent these attacks is by forcing STARTTLS
   with the $ssl_force_tls configuration variable.

2.2. Tunnel

   When connecting through a $tunnel and $tunnel_is_secure is set(the
   default), NeoMutt will assume the connection to the server through the
   pipe is already secured. NeoMutt will ignore $ssl_starttls and
   $ssl_force_tls, behaving as if TLS has already been negotiated.

   When $tunnel_is_secure is unset, NeoMutt will respect the values of
   $ssl_starttls and $ssl_force_tls. It is highly recommended to set
   $ssl_force_tls in this case, to force STARTTLS negotiation. Note that
   doing so will prevent connection to an IMAP server configured for
   preauthentication(PREAUTH). If you use this configuration, it is
   recommended to use a secure tunnel.

3. POP3 Support

   NeoMutt has POP3 support and has the ability to work with mailboxes
   located on a remote POP3 server and fetch mail for local browsing.

   Remote POP3 servers can be accessed using URLs with the pop protocol
   for unencrypted and pops for encrypted communication, see Section 1.2,
   "URL Syntax" for details.

3.1. Remote POP3 mailboxes

   Polling for new mail is more expensive over POP3 than locally. For this
   reason the frequency at which NeoMutt will check for mail remotely can
   be controlled by the $pop_check_interval variable, which defaults to
   every 60 seconds.

   Due to limitations in POP3, this method doesn't allow for some features
   such as editing messages, changing their flags or even deleting them.
   However, using Section 8.1, "Header Caching" and Section 8.2, "Body
   Caching", NeoMutt simulates the new/old/read flags as well as flagged
   and replied. NeoMutt applies some logic on top of remote messages but
   cannot change them so that modifications of flags are lost when
   messages are downloaded from the POP3 server (either by NeoMutt or
   other tools).
# A sample configuration file for setting up a remote POP3 mailbox

# If an SMTP password has been set, use this to set the same password for POP3.
set pop_pass=$smtp_pass

# Set the POP3 server and user
set pop_host="pops://user@example.com"

# Use the remote server as the mailbox
set folder=$pop_host
set spool_file=+

3.2. Fetching mail from a POP3 server

   Another way to access your POP3 mail is the <fetch-mail> function
   (default: G). It allows to connect to $pop_host, fetch all your new
   mail and place it in the local $spool_file. After this point, NeoMutt
   runs exactly as if the mail had always been local. The <fetch-mail>
   function will ask whether you want to delete the messages on the remote
   server, leaving only your local copies.

Note

   If you only need to fetch all messages to a local mailbox, you should
   consider using a specialized program, such as fetchmail(1), getmail(1)
   or similar.
# A sample configuration file for fetching mail from a POP3 server

# The spool file contains the local copies of your messages. If it doesn't
# exist, initialize it as an empty file.
set spool_file="/home/user/.mailspool"

# The POP3 server and user from which to fetch messages
set pop_host="pops://user@example.com"

4. IMAP Support

   NeoMutt has IMAP support and has the ability to work with folders
   located on a remote IMAP server.

   You can access the remote inbox by selecting the folder by its URL (see
   Section 1.2, "URL Syntax" for details) using the imap or imaps
   protocol. Alternatively, a pine-compatible notation is also supported,
   i.e. {[username@]imapserver[:port][/ssl]}path/to/folder

   Note that not all servers use "/" as the hierarchy separator. NeoMutt
   should correctly notice which separator is being used by the server and
   convert paths accordingly.

   The IMAP protocol has a subscription feature where the server manages a
   list of of subscribed folders. To add or remove a folder to the list of
   subscribed folders use the commands:

   subscribe-to imap-folder-uri
   unsubscribe-from imap-folder-uri

   imap-folder-uri must be an IMAP URI, from which the server and the
   folder is derived, e.g.
subscribe-to imaps://mail.example.org/inbox

   Instead of the above commands you can also use the <subscribe> and
   <unsubscribe> functions of the browser (default keys s and u) to
   subscribe to or unsubscribe from a folder while browsing the folders on
   the IMAP server. The browser can be instructed to only display the
   folders you are subscribed to with the <toggle-subscribed> functions.
   See also the $imap_list_subscribed variable.

   Because the list of subscribed folders is managed by the IMAP server,
   NeoMutt can also ask the server for that list. If
   $imap_check_subscribed is set, NeoMutt will do that and add those
   folders to its mailboxes list just as if you had used the mailboxes
   command on each of them, so that these folders get checked periodically
   for new mail.

   Polling for new mail on an IMAP server can cause noticeable delays. So,
   you'll want to carefully tune the $mail_check and $timeout variables.
   Reasonable values are:
set mail_check=90
set timeout=15

   with relatively good results even over slow modem lines.

Note

   Note that if you are using mbox as the mail store on UW servers prior
   to v12.250, the server has been reported to disconnect a client if
   another client selects the same folder.

4.1. The IMAP Folder Browser

   As of version 1.2, NeoMutt supports browsing mailboxes on an IMAP
   server. This is mostly the same as the local file browser, with the
   following differences:
     * In lieu of file permissions, NeoMutt displays the string "IMAP",
       possibly followed by the symbol "+", indicating that the entry
       contains both messages and subfolders. On Cyrus-like servers
       folders will often contain both messages and subfolders. A mailbox
       name with a trailing delimiter (usually "/" or ".") indicates
       subfolders.
     * For the case where an entry can contain both messages and
       subfolders, the selection key (bound to enter by default) will
       choose to descend into the subfolder view. If you wish to view the
       messages in that folder, you must use view-file instead (bound to
       space by default).
     * You can create, delete and rename mailboxes with the
       <create-mailbox>, <delete-mailbox>, and <rename-mailbox> commands
       (default bindings: C, d and r, respectively). You may also
       <subscribe> and <unsubscribe> to mailboxes (normally these are
       bound to s and u, respectively).

4.2. Authentication

   NeoMutt supports four authentication methods with IMAP servers: SASL,
   GSSAPI, CRAM-MD5, and LOGIN. There is also support for the
   pseudo-protocol ANONYMOUS, which allows you to log in to a public IMAP
   server without having an account. To use ANONYMOUS, simply make your
   username blank or "anonymous".

   SASL is a special super-authenticator, which selects among several
   protocols (including GSSAPI, CRAM-MD5, ANONYMOUS, and DIGEST-MD5) the
   most secure method available on your host and the server. Using some of
   these methods (including DIGEST-MD5 and possibly GSSAPI), your entire
   session will be encrypted and invisible to those teeming network
   snoops. It is the best option if you have it. To use it, you must have
   the Cyrus SASL library installed on your system and compile NeoMutt
   with the --with-sasl flag.

   NeoMutt will try whichever methods are compiled in and available on the
   server, in the following order: SASL, ANONYMOUS, GSSAPI, CRAM-MD5,
   LOGIN.

   There are a few variables which control authentication:
     * $imap_user - controls the username under which you request
       authentication on the IMAP server, for all authenticators. This is
       overridden by an explicit username in the mailbox path (i.e. by
       using a mailbox name of the form {user@host}).
     * $imap_pass - a password which you may preset, used by all
       authentication methods where a password is needed.
     * $imap_authenticators - a colon-delimited list of IMAP
       authentication methods to try, in the order you wish to try them.
       If specified, this overrides NeoMutt's default (attempt everything,
       in the order listed above).

5. SMTP Support

   Besides supporting traditional mail delivery through a
   sendmail-compatible program, NeoMutt supports delivery through SMTP.

   If the configuration variable $smtp_url is set, NeoMutt will contact
   the given SMTP server to deliver messages; if it is unset, NeoMutt will
   use the program specified by $sendmail.

   For details on the URL syntax, please see Section 1.2, "URL Syntax".

   The built-in SMTP support supports encryption (the smtps protocol using
   SSL or TLS) as well as SMTP authentication using SASL. The
   authentication mechanisms for SASL are specified in
   $smtp_authenticators defaulting to an empty list which makes NeoMutt
   try all available methods from most-secure to least-secure.

6. OAUTHBEARER and XOAUTH2 Support

   Preliminary OAUTH support for IMAP, POP, and SMTP is provided via
   external scripts.

   At least for Gmail, you can use the oauth2.py script from Google's
   gmail-oauth2-tools:
   https://github.com/google/gmail-oauth2-tools/blob/master/python/oauth2.
   py

   You'll need to get your own oauth client credentials for Gmail here:
   https://console.developers.google.com/apis/credentials

   Then, you'd use oauth2.py with --generate_oauth2_token to get a refresh
   token, and configure NeoMutt with:
set imap_authenticators="oauthbearer"
set imap_oauth_refresh_command="/path/to/oauth2.py --quiet --user=[email_address
]\
    --client_id=[client_id] --client_secret=[client_secret]\
    --refresh_token=[refresh_token]"

   For Office365, you can use the mutt_oauth2.py script written by
   Alexander Perlis:
   https://github.com/neomutt/neomutt/blob/main/contrib/oauth2/mutt_oauth2
   .py

   You'll need to get your own oauth client credentials by following the
   script instructions:
   https://github.com/neomutt/neomutt/blob/main/contrib/oauth2/README.md
set imap_authenticators="xoauth2"
set imap_oauth_refresh_command="/path/to/mutt_oauth2.py /path/to/token"

   Substitute pop or smtp for imap in the above examples to configure for
   those. Please note that xoauth2 support has not yet been implemented
   for pop.

7. Managing Multiple Accounts

   Usage:

   account-hook regex command

   If you happen to have accounts on multiple IMAP, POP and/or SMTP
   servers, you may find managing all the authentication settings
   inconvenient and error-prone. The account-hook command may help. This
   hook works like folder-hook but is invoked whenever NeoMutt needs to
   access a remote mailbox (including inside the folder browser), not just
   when you open the mailbox. This includes (for example) polling for new
   mail, storing Fcc messages and saving messages to a folder. As a
   consequence, account-hook should only be used to set connection-related
   settings such as passwords or tunnel commands but not settings such as
   sender address or name (because in general it should be considered
   unpredictable which account-hook was last used).

   Some examples:
account-hook . 'unset imap_user; unset imap_pass; unset tunnel'
account-hook imap://host1/ 'set imap_user=me1 imap_pass=foo'
account-hook imap://host2/ 'set tunnel="ssh host2 /usr/local/libexec/imapd"'
account-hook smtp://user@host3/ 'set tunnel="ssh host3 /usr/local/libexec/smtpd"
'

   To manage multiple accounts with, for example, different values of
   $record or sender addresses, folder-hook has to be be used together
   with the mailboxes command.

   Example 6.2. Managing multiple accounts
mailboxes imap://user@host1/INBOX
folder-hook imap://user@host1/ 'set folder=imap://host1/ ; set record=+INBOX/Sen
t'
mailboxes imap://user@host2/INBOX
folder-hook imap://user@host2/ 'set folder=imap://host2/ ; set record=+INBOX/Sen
t'

   In example Example 6.2, "Managing multiple accounts" the folders are
   defined using mailboxes so NeoMutt polls them for new mail. Each
   folder-hook triggers when one mailbox below each IMAP account is opened
   and sets $folder to the account's root folder. Next, it sets $record to
   the INBOX/Sent folder below the newly set $folder. Please notice that
   the value the "+" mailbox shortcut refers to depends on the current
   value of $folder and therefore has to be set separately per account.
   Setting other values like $from or $signature is analogous to setting
   $record.

8. Local Caching

   NeoMutt contains two types of local caching: (1) the so-called "header
   caching" and (2) the so-called "body caching" which are both described
   in this section.

   Header caching is optional as it depends on external libraries, body
   caching is always enabled if NeoMutt is compiled with POP and/or IMAP
   support as these use it (body caching requires no external library).

8.1. Header Caching

   NeoMutt provides optional support for caching message headers for the
   following types of folders: IMAP, POP, Maildir and MH. Header caching
   greatly speeds up opening large folders because for remote folders,
   headers usually only need to be downloaded once. For Maildir and MH,
   reading the headers from a single file is much faster than looking at
   possibly thousands of single files (since Maildir and MH use one file
   per message.)

   Header caching can be enabled by configuring one of the database
   backends. One of bdb, gdbm, kyotocabinet, lmdb, qdbm, rocksdb, tdb,
   tokyocabinet.

   If enabled, $header_cache can be used to either point to a file or a
   directory. If set to point to a file, one database file for all folders
   will be used (which may result in lower performance), but one file per
   folder if it points to a directory.

   Additionally, $header_cache_backend can be set to specify which backend
   to use. The list of available backends can be specified at configure
   time with a set of --with-<backend> options. Currently, the following
   backends are supported: bdb, gdbm, kyotocabinet, lmdb, qdbm, rocksdb,
   tdb, tokyocabinet.

   Take a look at the benchmark script provided in the following
   repository: contrib-hcache-benchmark. There you can find a way of
   finding the storage backend for your needs.

8.2. Body Caching

   Both cache methods can be combined using the same directory for storage
   (and for IMAP/POP even provide meaningful file names) which simplifies
   manual maintenance tasks.

   In addition to caching message headers only, NeoMutt can also cache
   whole message bodies. This results in faster display of messages for
   POP and IMAP folders because messages usually have to be downloaded
   only once.

   For configuration, the variable $message_cache_dir must point to a
   directory. There, NeoMutt will create a hierarchy of subdirectories
   named like the account and mailbox path the cache is for.

8.3. Cache Directories

   For using both, header and body caching, $header_cache and
   $message_cache_dir can be safely set to the same value.

   In a header or body cache directory, NeoMutt creates a directory
   hierarchy named like: proto:user@hostname where proto is either "pop"
   or "imap." Within there, for each folder, NeoMutt stores messages in
   single files and header caches in files with the ".hcache" extension.
   All files can be removed as needed if the consumed disk space becomes
   an issue as NeoMutt will silently fetch missing items again. Pathnames
   are always stored in UTF-8 encoding.

   For Maildir and MH, the header cache files are named after the MD5
   checksum of the path.

8.4. Maintenance

   NeoMutt does not (yet) support maintenance features for header cache
   database files so that files have to be removed in case they grow too
   big. It depends on the database library used for header caching whether
   disk space freed by removing messages is reused.

   For body caches, NeoMutt can keep the local cache in sync with the
   remote mailbox if the $message_cache_clean variable is set. Cleaning
   means to remove messages from the cache which are no longer present in
   the mailbox which only happens when other mail clients or instances of
   NeoMutt using a different body cache location delete messages (NeoMutt
   itself removes deleted messages from the cache when syncing a mailbox).
   As cleaning can take a noticeable amount of time, it should not be set
   in general but only occasionally.

9. Account Command Feature

Populate account credentials via an external command

9.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2022-05-16

   Dependencies: None

9.2. Introduction

   NeoMutt provides dedicated config variables to specify credentials for
   network servers. These include imap_user, imap_pass, smtp_user,
   smtp_pass, etc. There are a few downsides to this approach. For one
   thing, their use encourages storing usernames and passwords in plain
   text inside a NeoMutt config file. People have come up with solutions
   to this, including using gpg-encrypted files and populating my_
   variables via external scripts through source "/path/to/script|".
   However, once the variables are set, the secrets can be inspected with
   the set command. Also, because these config variables are not
   account-specific, they have been the cause of a proliferation of ways
   to mimic per-account setups using a combination of convoluted hooks and
   macros to modify them on folder change or on a keypress.

   The goal of this feature is to get rid of most _user and _pass
   variables. To do so, we provide a way of specifying an external command
   that NeoMutt will call to populate account credentials for network
   servers such as IMAP, POP, or SMTP. The external command is called with
   a number of arguments indicating the known properties of the account
   such as the account type and hostname; the external command provides
   NeoMutt with a list of additional properties such as username and
   password.

9.3. Usage

   The variable account_command configures an external program to be used
   to gather account credentials.
set account_command = "/path/to/my/script.sh"

   The program specified will be called by NeoMutt with a number of
   key-value command line arguments.
     * --hostname val: the network host name of the service
     * --username val: the username for the account. This might be
       specified in the URL itself, e.g., set
       folder="imaps://me@example.com@example.com" or with a dedicated
       existing variable, e.g. set imap_user=me@example.com.
     * --type val: the type of the account, one of imap, pop, smtp, nntp,
       with an optional trailing s if SSL/TLS is required.

   The program specified will have to respond by printing to stdout a
   number of key: value lines. NeoMutt currently recognizes the following
   keys.
     * login
     * username
     * password

   Because password can contain any characters, including spaces, we
   expect lines to match the regex ^([[:alpha:]]+): (.*)$ exactly.

9.4. Known Bugs

   None

9.5. Credits

   Pietro Cerutti

10. Attach Headers Color Feature

Color attachment headers using regex, just like mail bodies

10.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-09-10

   Dependencies: None

10.2. Introduction

   This feature allows specifying regexes to color attachment headers just
   like the mail body would. The headers are the parts colored by the
   attachment color. Coloring them is useful to highlight the results of
   GPGME's signature checks or simply the mimetype or size of the
   attachment. Only the part matched by the regex is colored.

10.3. Usage

   The attach_headers color should be used just like the body color.
color attach_headers foreground background pattern

10.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the attach-headers-color feature.

# Color if the attachment is autoviewed
color   attach_headers     brightgreen     default    "Autoview"
# Color only the brackets around the headers
color   attach_headers     brightyellow    default    "^\\[--"
color   attach_headers     brightyellow    default    "--]$"
# Color the mime type and the size
color   attach_headers     green           default    "Type: [a-z]+/[a-z0-9\-]+"
color   attach_headers     green           default    "Size: [0-9\.]+[KM]"
# Color GPGME signature checks
color   attach_headers     brightgreen     default    "Good signature from.*"
color   attach_headers     brightred       default    "Bad signature from.*"
color   attach_headers     brightred       default    "BAD signature from.*"
color   attach_headers     brightred       default    "Note: This key has expire
d!"
color   attach_headers     brightmagenta   default    "Problem signature from.*"
color   attach_headers     brightmagenta   default    "WARNING: This key is not
certified with a trusted signature!"
color   attach_headers     brightmagenta   default    "         There is no indi
cation that the signature belongs to the owner."
color   attach_headers     brightmagenta   default    "can't handle these multip
le signatures"
color   attach_headers     brightmagenta   default    "signature verification su
ppressed"
color   attach_headers     brightmagenta   default    "invalid node with packet
of type"

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

10.5. See Also

     * Color command
     * Regular Expressions

10.6. Known Bugs

   None

10.7. Credits

   Guillaume Brogi

11. Command-line Crypto (-C) Feature

Enable message security in modes that by default don't enable it

11.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2024-01-21

   Dependencies: Gpgme

11.2. Introduction

   This feature allows enabling message security in modes that don't
   enable it by default. Those include batch mode, sending a postponed
   message, and resending a message.

   This allows using NeoMutt as a driver for git-send-email(1), to send
   patches in signed and/or encrypted mail.

11.3. Usage

   To send an email from a file, enabling cryptographic operations as when
   sending interactively, simply use the -C flag.
$ neomutt -C -H - < /mail/to/be/sent

11.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the cli-crypto feature.

set pgp_default_key = "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111"
# Sign all mail
set crypt_autosign = yes
# Encrypt mail if all recipients have valid public keys
set crypt_opportunistic_encrypt = yes
# Self encrypt mail
set crypt_self_encrypt = yes

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

11.5. gitconfig

# Example .gitconfig config file for the cli-crypto feature.

[sendemail]
sendmailcmd = neomutt -C -H - && true

11.6. Credits

   Alejandro Colomar, Richard Russon, Jenya Sovetkin

12. Compose Message Preview Feature

Show a preview of the message in the Compose Dialog

12.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2024-12-12

   Dependencies: None

12.2. Introduction

   NeoMutt shows you a preview of the message you are about to send in the
   compose dialog.

12.3. Variables

   Table 6.1. Message Preview Variables
   Name Type Default Description
   compose_preview_above_attachments boolean no Show the message preview
   above the attachments list.
   compose_preview_min_rows number 5 Hide the preview if it has fewer than
   this number of rows
   compose_show_preview boolean no Enable or disable the message preview
   feature

12.4. Functions

   The message preview is controller by the following functions.

   Table 6.2. Message Preview Functions
    Menus       Function                    Description              Default
   compose <preview-page-down> show the next page of the message
   <PageDown>
   compose <preview-page-up>   show the previous page of the message
   <PageUp>

12.5. Limitations

   This is a new feature and it's still under development. If you find any
   problems, or you'd like to help improve it, please let us know.
     * Pager displays simple text, no colour or attributes
     * Smart text wrapping is not supported

12.6. Credits

   Dennis Schoen

13. Compose to Sender Feature

Send new mail to the sender of the current mail

13.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-10-02

   Dependencies: None

13.2. Introduction

   The compose-to-sender feature adds a new command to start composing a
   new email to the sender of the current message. This is not a reply,
   but a new, separate, message.

   It works on tagged messages too, sending one email to all of the
   senders of the tagged messages.

13.3. Functions

   compose-to-sender adds the following function to NeoMutt. By default,
   it is not bound to a key.

   Table 6.3. compose-to-sender Functions
   Menus Function Description
   index,pager <compose-to-sender> compose a new email to the sender of
   the current email

13.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the compose-to-sender feature.

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FUNCTIONS - shown with an example mapping
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Compose a new email (not a reply) to the sender
bind index,pager @ compose-to-sender

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

13.5. Known Bugs

   None

13.6. Credits

   Brian Medley, Guillaume Brogi

14. Compressed Folders Feature

Read from/write to compressed mailboxes

14.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-05-30

   Dependencies: None

14.2. Introduction

   The Compressed Folder feature allows NeoMutt to read mailbox files that
   are compressed. But it isn't limited to compressed files. It works well
   with encrypted files, too. In fact, if you can create a program/script
   to convert to and from your format, then NeoMutt can read it.

   The feature adds three hooks to NeoMutt: open-hook, close-hook and
   append-hook. They define commands to: uncompress a file; compress a
   file; append messages to an already compressed file.

   There are some examples of both compressed and encrypted files, later.
   For now, the documentation will just concentrate on compressed files.

14.3. Commands

   open-hook regex "shell-command"
   close-hook regex "shell-command"
   append-hook regex "shell-command"

   The shell-command must contain two placeholders for filenames: %f and
   %t. These represent "from" and "to" filenames. These placeholders
   should be placed inside single-quotes to prevent unintended shell
   expansions.

   If you need the exact string "%f" or "%t" in your command, simply
   double up the "%" character, e.g. "%%f" or "%%t".

   Table 6.4. Not all Hooks are Required
   Open Close Append Effect Useful if
   Open -- -- Folder is readonly The folder is just a backup
   Open Close -- Folder is read/write, but the entire folder must be
   written if anything is changed Your compression format doesn't support
   appending
   Open Close Append Folder is read/write and emails can be efficiently
   added to the end Your compression format supports appending
   Open -- Append Folder is readonly, but can be appended to You want to
   store emails, but never change them

Note

   The command:
     * should return a non-zero exit status on failure
     * should not delete any files

14.3.1. Read from compressed mailbox

open-hook regex "shell-command"

   If NeoMutt is unable to open a file, it then looks for open-hook that
   matches the filename.

   If your compression program doesn't have a well-defined extension, then
   you can use . as the regex.

   Example 6.3. Example of open-hook
open-hook '\.gz$' "gzip --stdout --decompress '%f' > '%t'"

     * NeoMutt finds a file, "example.gz", that it can't read
     * NeoMutt has an open-hook whose regex matches the filename: \.gz$
     * NeoMutt uses the command gzip -cd to create a temporary file that
       it can read

14.3.2. Write to a compressed mailbox

close-hook regex "shell-command"

   When NeoMutt has finished with a compressed mail folder, it will look
   for a matching close-hook to recompress the file. This hook is
   optional.

Note

   If the folder has not been modified, the close-hook will not be called.

   Example 6.4. Example of close-hook
close-hook '\.gz$' "gzip --stdout '%t' > '%f'"

     * NeoMutt has finished with a folder, "example.gz", that it opened
       with open-hook
     * The folder has been modified
     * NeoMutt has a close-hook whose regex matches the filename: \.gz$
     * NeoMutt uses the command gzip -c to create a new compressed file

Note

   The close-hook can also include extra options, e.g. compression level:
   --best

14.3.3. Append to a compressed mailbox

append-hook regex "shell-command"

   When NeoMutt wants to append an email to a compressed mail folder, it
   will look for a matching append-hook. This hook is optional.

   Using the append-hook will save time, but NeoMutt won't be able to
   determine the type of the mail folder inside the compressed file.

   NeoMutt will assume the type to be that of the $mbox_type variable.
   NeoMutt also uses this type for temporary files.

   NeoMutt will only use the append-hook for existing files. The
   close-hook will be used for empty, or missing files.

Note

   If your command writes to stdout, it is vital that you use >> in the
   "append-hook". If not, data will be lost.

   Example 6.5. Example of append-hook
append-hook '\.gz$' "gzip --stdout '%t' >> '%f'"

     * NeoMutt wants to append an email to a folder, "example.gz", that it
       opened with open-hook
     * NeoMutt has an append-hook whose regex matches the filename: \.gz$
     * NeoMutt knows the mailbox type from the $mbox variable
     * NeoMutt uses the command gzip -c to append to an existing
       compressed file

Note

   The append-hook can also include extra options, e.g. compression level:
   --best

14.3.4. Empty Files

   NeoMutt assumes that an empty file is not compressed. In this
   situation, unset $save_empty, so that the compressed file will be
   removed if you delete all of the messages.

14.3.5. Security

   Encrypted files are decrypted into temporary files which are stored in
   the $tmp_dir directory. This could be a security risk.

14.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the compress feature.

# This feature adds three hooks to NeoMutt which allow it to
# work with compressed, or encrypted, mailboxes.

# The hooks are of the form:
#       open-hook   regex "shell-command"
#       close-hook  regex "shell-command"
#       append-hook regex "shell-command"
# The 'append-hook' is optional.

# Handler for gzip compressed mailboxes
open-hook   '\.gz$' "gzip --stdout --decompress '%f' >  '%t'"
close-hook  '\.gz$' "gzip --stdout              '%t' >  '%f'"
append-hook '\.gz$' "gzip --stdout              '%t' >> '%f'"
# Handler for bzip2 compressed mailboxes
open-hook   '\.bz2$' "bzip2 --stdout --decompress '%f' >  '%t'"
close-hook  '\.bz2$' "bzip2 --stdout              '%t' >  '%f'"
append-hook '\.bz2$' "bzip2 --stdout              '%t' >> '%f'"
# Handler for xz compressed mailboxes
open-hook   '\.xz$' "xz --stdout --decompress '%f' >  '%t'"
close-hook  '\.xz$' "xz --stdout              '%t' >  '%f'"
append-hook '\.xz$' "xz --stdout              '%t' >> '%f'"
# Handler for pgp encrypted mailboxes
# PGP does not support appending to an encrypted file
open-hook   '\.pgp$' "pgp -f < '%f' > '%t'"
close-hook  '\.pgp$' "pgp -fe YourPgpUserIdOrKeyId < '%t' > '%f'"
# Handler for gpg encrypted mailboxes
# gpg does not support appending to an encrypted file
open-hook   '\.gpg$' "gpg --decrypt < '%f' > '%t'"
close-hook  '\.gpg$' "gpg --encrypt --recipient YourGpgUserIdOrKeyId < '%t' > '%
f'"

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

14.5. See Also

     * Regular Expressions
     * $tmp_dir
     * $mbox_type
     * $save_empty
     * folder-hook

14.6. Credits

   Roland Rosenfeld, Alain Penders, Christoph "Myon" Berg, Evgeni Golov,
   Richard Russon

15. Conditional Dates Feature

Use rules to choose date format

15.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-07

   Dependencies:
          nested-if feature

15.2. Introduction

   The "Conditional Dates" feature allows you to construct $index_format
   expressions based on the age of the email.

   NeoMutt's default $index_format displays email dates in the form:
   abbreviated-month day-of-month - "Jan 14".

   The format is configurable but only per-mailbox. This feature allows
   you to configure the display depending on the age of the email.

   Table 6.5. Potential Formatting Scheme
      Email Sent     Format Example
   Today             %H:%M  13:23
   This Month        %a %d  Thu 17
   This Year         %b %d  Dec 10
   Older than 1 Year %m/%y  06/14

   For an explanation of the date formatting strings, see strftime(3).

   By carefully picking your formats, the dates can remain unambiguous and
   compact.

   NeoMutt's conditional format strings have the form: (whitespace
   introduced for clarity)
%< TEST ? TRUE & FALSE >

   The examples below use the test "%[" - the date of the message in the
   local timezone. They will also work with "%(" - the local time that the
   message arrived.

   The date tests are of the form:
%<[nX? TRUE & FALSE >

     * "n" is an optional count (defaults to 1 if missing)
     * "X" is the time period

   Table 6.6. Date Formatting Codes
   Letter Time Period
   y      Years
   m      Months
   w      Weeks
   d      Days
   H      Hours
   M      Minutes

   Table 6.7. Example Date Tests
   Test       Meaning
   %[y  This year
   %[1y This year
   %[6m In the last 6 months
   %[w  This week
   %[d  Today
   %[4H In the last 4 hours

15.2.1. Example 1

   We start with a one-condition test.

   Table 6.8. Example 1
   Test Date Range Format String  Example
   %[1m This month %[%b %d]      Dec 10
        Older      %[%Y-%m-%d]   2015-04-23

   The $index_format string would contain:
%<[1m?%[%b %d]&%[%Y-%m-%d]>

   Reparsed a little, for clarity, you can see the test condition and the
   two format strings.
%<[1m?        &           >

      %[%b %d] %[%Y-%m-%d]

15.2.2. Example 2

   This example contains three test conditions and four date formats.

   Table 6.9. Example 2
   Test Date Range Format String Example
   %[d  Today      %[%H:%M ]     12:34
   %[m  This month %[%a %d]      Thu 12
   %[y  This year  %[%b %d]      Dec 10
        Older      %[%m/%y ]     06/15

   The $index_format string would contain:
%<[y?%<[m?%<[d?%[%H:%M ]&%[%a %d]>&%[%b %d]>&%[%m/%y ]>

   Reparsed a little, for clarity, you can see the test conditions and the
   four format strings.
%<[y?                                       &%[%m/%y ]>  Older
     %<[m?                        &%[%b %d]>             This year
          %<[d?         &%[%a %d]>                       This month
               %[%H:%M ]                                 Today

   This a another view of the same example, with some whitespace for
   clarity.
%<[y? %<[m? %<[d? AAA & BBB > & CCC > & DDD >

   AAA = %[%H:%M ] BBB = %[%a %d] CCC = %[%b %d] DDD = %[%m/%y ]

15.3. Variables

   The "Conditional Dates" feature doesn't have any config of its own. It
   modifies the behavior of the format strings.

15.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the cond-date feature.

#
# The default index_format is:
#       '%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15L (%<l?%4l&%4c>) %s'
#
# We replace the date field '%{%b %d}', giving:
set index_format='%4C %Z %<[y?%<[m?%<[d?%[%H:%M ]&%[%a %d]>&%[%b %d]>&%[%m/%y ]>
 %-15.15L (%<l?%4l&%4c>) %s'
# Test  Date Range  Format String  Example
# --------------------------------------------
# %[d   Today       %[%H:%M ]      12:34
# %[m   This month  %[%a %d]       Thu 12
# %[y   This year   %[%b %d]       Dec 10
#  --    Older       %[%m/%y ]      06/15

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

15.5. See Also

     * $index_format
     * nested-if feature
     * strftime(3)

15.6. Known Bugs

   Date parsing doesn't quite do what you expect. "1w" doesn't mean the
   "in the last 7 days", but "this week". This doesn't match the normal
   NeoMutt behavior: for example ~d>1w means emails dated in the last 7
   days.

15.7. Credits

   Aaron Schrab, Eric Davis, Richard Russon

16. Encrypt-to-Self Feature

Save a self-encrypted copy of emails

16.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-07-23

   Dependencies: None

16.2. Introduction

   Once you encrypt an email to someone you cannot read it. This is good
   for security, but bad for record-keeping. If you wanted to keep a copy
   of an encrypted email you could set $fcc_clear.

   A better option is to enable $smime_self_encrypt, then set
   $smime_default_key to your personal S/MIME key id.
set smime_self_encrypt = yes
set smime_default_key  = bb345e23.0

   Or, if you use PGP, $pgp_self_encrypt, then set $pgp_default_key to
   your personal PGP key id.
set pgp_self_encrypt = yes
set pgp_default_key  = A4AF18C5582473BD35A1E9CE78BB3D480042198E

   If you have different key for signing, then you can set $pgp_sign_as or
   $smime_sign_as respectively.

16.3. Variables

   Table 6.10. encrypt-self Variables
          Name         Type   Default
   pgp_default_key    string  (empty)
   pgp_self_encrypt   boolean yes
   pgp_sign_as        string  (empty)
   smime_default_key  string  (empty)
   smime_self_encrypt boolean yes
   smime_sign_as      string  (empty)

16.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the encrypt-to-self feature.

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VARIABLES - shown with their default values
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Save a copy of outgoing email, encrypted to yourself
set pgp_self_encrypt = "yes"
set pgp_default_key = "PGP-KEY"
# set pgp_sign_as = "PGP-SIGNING-KEY"

# Save a copy of outgoing email, encrypted to yourself
set smime_self_encrypt = "yes"
set smime_default_key = "SMIME-KEY"
# set smime_sign_as = "SMIME-SIGNING-KEY"

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

16.5. Known Bugs

   None

16.6. Credits

   Omen Wild, Richard Russon, Guillaume Brogi

17. Encryption information block

Show a block of encryption information about a message

17.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2024-04-10

   Dependencies: Gpgme

17.2. Introduction

   This feature shows a block of information that provides information
   about an encrypted message; mainly about its recipients. Here is an
   example of such a block:
[-- Begin encryption information --]
Recipient: RSA key, ID 00C14A7DBBDD521C
Recipient: RSA key, ID 0000000000000000
[-- End encryption information --]

17.3. Usage

   It's enabled by default. The variable to control it is
   crypt_encryption_info.

17.4. Credits

   Alejandro Colomar, Richard Russon, nab

18. Fmemopen Feature

Replace some temporary files with memory buffers

18.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-07

   Dependencies:
          open_memstream(), fmemopen() from glibc

   This feature can be enabled by running configure with the option
   --fmemopen

18.2. Introduction

   The "fmemopen" feature speeds up some searches.

   This feature changes a few places where NeoMutt creates temporary
   files. It replaces them with in-memory buffers. This should improve the
   performance when searching the header or body using the
   $thorough_search option.

   There are no user-configurable parts.

   This feature depends on open_memstream() and fmemopen(). They are
   provided by glibc. Without them, NeoMutt will simply create temporary
   files.

18.3. See Also

     * Compile-Time Features
     * fmemopen(3)

18.4. Known Bugs

   debian bug 834408

18.5. Credits

   Julius Plenz, Richard Russon

19. Forgotten Attachment Feature

Alert user when (s)he forgets to attach a file to an outgoing email.

19.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-09-10

   Dependencies: None

19.2. Introduction

   The "forgotten-attachment" feature provides a new setting for NeoMutt
   that alerts the user if the message body contains a certain keyword but
   there are no attachments added. This is meant to ensure that the user
   does not forget to attach a file after promising to do so in the mail.
   The attachment keyword will not be scanned in text matched by
   $quote_regex.

19.3. Variables

   Table 6.11. forgotten-attachment Variables
           Name                Type        Default
   abort_noattach_regex regular expression
   \\<(attach|attached|attachments?)\\>
   abort_noattach       quadoption         no

19.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the forgotten-attachment feature.

# The 'forgotten-attachment' feature provides a new setting for NeoMutt that
# alerts the user if the message body contains a certain regular expression but
there are
# no attachments added. This is meant to ensure that the user does not forget
# to attach a file after promising to do so in the mail.

# Ask if the user wishes to abort sending if $abort_noattach_regex is found in t
he
# body, but no attachments have been added
# It can be set to:
#    "yes"     : always abort
#    "ask-yes" : ask whether to abort
#    "no"      : send the mail
set abort_noattach = no
# Search for the following regular expression in the body of the email
# English: attach, attached, attachment, attachments
set abort_noattach_regex = "\\<attach(|ed|ments?)\\>"
# Nederlands:
# set abort_noattach_regex = "\\<(bijvoegen|bijgevoegd|bijlage|bijlagen)\\>"
# Deutsch:
# set abort_noattach_regex = "\\<(anhaengen|angehaengt|anhang|anhaenge|haengt an
)\\>"
# Franc,ais:
# set abort_noattach_regex = "\\<(attache|attaches|attache|attachons|joint|joint
e|joints|jointes|joins|joignons)\\>"

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

19.5. See Also

     * The Attachment Menu
     * The Attachment Menu key mappings

19.6. Known Bugs

   None

19.7. Credits

   Darshit Shah, Richard Russon, Johannes Weissl, Steven Ragnaroek

20. Global Hooks

Define actions to run globally within NeoMutt

20.1. Introduction

   These hooks are called when global events take place in NeoMutt.

   Run a command...
     * timeout-hook - periodically
     * startup-hook - when NeoMutt starts up, before opening the first
       mailbox
     * shutdown-hook - NeoMutt shuts down, before closing the last mailbox

   The commands are NeoMutt commands. If you want to run an external shell
   command, you need to run them like this:
startup-hook 'echo `action.sh ARGS`'

   The single quotes prevent the backticks from being expanded. The echo
   command prevents an empty command error.

20.1.1. Timeout Hook

Run a command periodically

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-08-08

   This feature implements a new hook that is called periodically when
   NeoMutt checks for new mail. This hook is called every $timeout
   seconds.

20.1.2. Startup Hook

Run a command when NeoMutt starts up, before opening the first mailbox

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-11-25

   This feature implements a new hook that is called when NeoMutt first
   starts up, but before opening the first mailbox. This is most likely to
   be useful to users of notmuch.

20.1.3. Shutdown Hook

Run a command when NeoMutt shuts down, before closing the last mailbox

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-11-25

   This feature implements a hook that is called when NeoMutt shuts down,
   but before closing the last mailbox. This is most likely to be useful
   to users of notmuch.

20.2. Commands

   timeout-hook command

   startup-hook command

   shutdown-hook command

20.3. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the global hooks feature.

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# COMMANDS - shown with an example argument
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# After $timeout seconds of inactivity, run this NeoMutt command
timeout-hook 'exec sync-mailbox'
# When NeoMutt first loads, run this NeoMutt command
startup-hook 'exec sync-mailbox'
# When NeoMutt quits, run this NeoMutt command
shutdown-hook 'exec sync-mailbox'

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

20.4. See Also

     * $timeout

20.5. Known Bugs

   None

20.6. Credits

   Armin Wolfermann, Richard Russon, Thomas Adam

21. Header Cache Compression Feature

Options for compressing the header cache files

21.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2020-02-22

   Dependencies: header cache

21.2. Introduction

   The Header Cache Compression Feature can be used for speeding up the
   loading of large mailboxes. Also the space used on disk can be shrunk
   by about 50% - depending on the compression method being used.

   The implementation sits on top of the header caching functions. So the
   header cache compression can be used together with all available
   database backends.

21.3. Variables

   Table 6.12. Header Cache Compression Variables
               Name              Type  Default
   header_cache_compress_method string (empty)
   header_cache_compress_level  number 1

   The header_cache_compress_method can be (empty) - which means, that no
   header cache compression should be used. But when set to lz4, zlib or
   zstd - then the compression is turned on.

   The header_cache_compress_level defines the compression level, which
   should be used together with the selected header_cache_compress_method.
   Here is an overview of the possible settings:

   Table 6.13. Header Cache Compression Methods and it's Levels
   Method Name Min Max
   lz4         1   12
   zlib        1   9
   zstd        1   22

21.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the header cache compression feature.

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VARIABLES - shown with their default values
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
set header_cache_compress_level = 1
set header_cache_compress_method = ""

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

21.5. Known Bugs

   None

21.6. Credits

   Tino Reichardt

22. Ifdef Feature

Conditional config options

22.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-07

   Dependencies: None

22.2. Introduction

   The "ifdef" feature introduces three new commands to NeoMutt and allows
   you to share one config file between versions of NeoMutt that may have
   different features compiled in.
ifdef  symbol "config-command [args...]"  # If a symbol is defined
ifndef symbol "config-command [args...]"  # If a symbol is not defined
finish                                    # Finish reading the current file

   Table 6.14. ifdef Symbols
            Example Symbol               Description
   sidebar_format                    Config variable
   status-color, imap                Compiled-in feature
   pgp-menu, group-related           Function
   index-format-hook, tag-transforms Command
   indicator, sidebar_new            Colour
   my_var                            My variable
   lmdb, tokyocabinet                Store (database)
   HOME, COLUMNS                     Environment variable

   A list of compile-time symbols can be seen in the output of the command
neomutt -v

   (in the "Compile options" section).

   finish is particularly useful when combined with ifndef. e.g.
# Sidebar config file
ifndef sidebar finish

22.3. Commands

   ifdef symbol "config-command [args...]"
   ifndef symbol "config-command [args...]"
   finish

22.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the ifdef feature.

# This feature introduces three useful commands which allow you to share
# one config file between versions of NeoMutt that may have different
# features compiled in.

#   ifdef  symbol "config-command [args...]"
#   ifndef symbol "config-command [args...]"
#   finish
# The 'ifdef' command tests whether NeoMutt understands the name of
# a variable, environment variable, function, command or compile-time symbol.

# If it does, then it executes a config command.

# The 'ifndef' command tests whether a symbol does NOT exist.

# The 'finish' command tells NeoMutt to stop reading current config file.

# If the 'trash' variable exists, set it.
ifdef trash 'set trash=~/Mail/trash'
# If the 'PS1' environment variable exists, source config file.
ifdef PS1 'source .neomutt/interactive.rc'
# If the 'tag-pattern' function exists, bind a key to it.
ifdef tag-pattern 'bind index <F6> tag-pattern'
# If the 'imap-fetch-mail' command exists, read my IMAP config.
ifdef imap-fetch-mail 'source ~/.neomutt/imap.rc'
# If the compile-time symbol 'sidebar' does not exist, then
# stop reading the current config file.
ifndef sidebar finish

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

22.5. Known Bugs

   None

22.6. Credits

   Cedric Duval, Matteo F. Vescovi, Richard Russon

23. Index Color Feature

Custom rules for theming the email index

23.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-07

   Dependencies:
          status-color feature

23.2. Introduction

   The "index-color" feature allows you to specify colors for individual
   parts of the email index. e.g. Subject, Author, Flags.

   First choose which part of the index you'd like to color. Then, if
   needed, pick a pattern to match.

   Note: The pattern does not have to refer to the object you wish to
   color. e.g.
color index_author red default "~sneomutt"

   The author appears red when the subject (~s) contains "neomutt".

23.3. Colors

   All the colors default to default, i.e. unset.

   The index objects can be themed using the color command and an optional
   pattern. A missing pattern is equivalent to a match-all .* pattern.
color index-object foreground background [pattern]

   Table 6.15. Index Colors
       Object                       Highlights
   index           Entire index line
   index_author    Author name, %A %a %F %L %n
   index_collapsed Number of messages in a collapsed thread, %M
   index_date      Date field
   index_flags     Message flags, %S %Z
   index_label     Message label, %y %Y
   index_number    Message number, %C
   index_size      Message size, %c %cr %l
   index_subject   Subject, %s
   index_tag       Message tags, %G
   index_tags      Transformed message tags, %g %J

23.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the index-color feature.

# Entire index line
color index white black '.*'
# Author name, %A %a %F %L %n
# Give the author column a dark grey background
color index_author default color234 '.*'
# Highlight a particular from (~f)
color index_author brightyellow color234 '~fRay Charles'
# Message flags, %S %Z
# Highlight the flags for flagged (~F) emails
color index_flags default red '~F'
# Subject, %s
# Look for a particular subject (~s)
color index_subject brightcyan default '~s\(closes #[0-9]+\)'
# Number of messages in a collapsed thread, %M
color index_collapsed default brightblue
# Date field
color index_date green default
# Message label, %y %Y
color index_label default brightgreen
# Message number, %C
color index_number red default
# Message size, %c %cr %l
color index_size cyan default

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

23.5. See Also

     * Regular Expressions
     * Patterns
     * $index_format
     * Color command
     * Status-Color feature

23.6. Known Bugs

   None

23.7. Credits

   Christian Aichinger, Christoph "Myon" Berg, Elimar Riesebieter, Eric
   Davis, Vladimir Marek, Richard Russon

24. Initials Expando Feature

Expando for author's initials

24.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-07

   Dependencies: None

24.2. Introduction

   The "initials" feature adds an expando (%I) for an author's initials.

   The index panel displays a list of emails. Its layout is controlled by
   the $index_format variable. Using this expando saves space in the index
   panel. This can be useful if you are regularly working with a small set
   of people.

24.3. Variables

   This feature has no config of its own. It adds an expando which can be
   used in the $index_format variable.

24.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the initials feature.

# The 'initials' feature has no config of its own.

# It adds an expando for an author's initials,
# which can be used in the 'index_format' variable.

# The default 'index_format' is:
set index_format='%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15L (%<l?%4l&%4c>) %s'
# Where %L represents the author/recipient
# This might look like:
#       1   + Nov 17 David Bowie   Changesbowie    ( 689)
#       2   ! Nov 17 Stevie Nicks  Rumours         ( 555)
#       3   + Nov 16 Jimi Hendrix  Voodoo Child    ( 263)
#       4   + Nov 16 Debbie Harry  Parallel Lines  ( 540)
# Using the %I expando:
set index_format='%4C %Z %{%b %d} %I (%<l?%4l&%4c>) %s'
# This might look like:
#       1   + Nov 17 DB Changesbowie    ( 689)
#       2   ! Nov 17 SN Rumours         ( 555)
#       3   + Nov 16 JH Voodoo Child    ( 263)
#       4   + Nov 16 DH Parallel Lines  ( 540)

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

24.5. See Also

     * $index_format
     * index-color feature
     * folder-hook

24.6. Known Bugs

   None

24.7. Credits

   Vsevolod Volkov, Richard Russon

25. Kyoto Cabinet Feature

Kyoto Cabinet backend for the header cache

25.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-10-02

   Dependencies:
          Kyoto Cabinet libraries

   To check if NeoMutt supports Kyoto Cabinet, look for
     * "kyoto" in the NeoMutt version.
     * "+hcache" in the compile options
     * "hcache backend: kyotocabinet" in the NeoMutt version

25.2. Introduction

   This feature adds support for using Kyoto Cabinet, the successor to
   Tokyo Cabinet, as a storage backend for NeoMutt's header cache
   (hcache). It is enabled at configure time with the
   --with-kyotocabinet=<path> switch.

25.3. See Also

     * Local Caching
     * Kyoto Cabinet

25.4. Known Bugs

   None

25.5. Credits

   Clemens Lang

26. Limit Current Thread Feature

Focus on one Email Thread

26.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-28

   Dependencies: None

26.2. Introduction

   This feature adds a new way of using the Limit Command. The
   <limit-current-thread> function restricts the view to just the current
   thread. Setting the limit (the l key) to "all" will restore the full
   email list.

26.3. Functions

   Limit-current-thread adds the following function to NeoMutt. By
   default, it is not bound to a key.

   Table 6.16. Limit-Current-Thread Functions
   Menus        Function                Description
   index <limit-current-thread> Limit view to current thread

26.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the limit-current-thread feature.

# Limit view to current thread
bind index <esc>L limit-current-thread

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

26.5. Known Bugs

   None

26.6. Credits

   David Sterba, Richard Russon

27. LMDB Feature

LMDB backend for the header cache

27.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-07-23

   Dependencies: None

27.2. Introduction

   This feature adds support for using LMDB as a storage backend for
   NeoMutt's header cache (hcache). It is enabled at configure time with
   the --with-lmdb=<path> switch.

Note

   It is not recommended to store the lmdb database on a shared drive.

27.3. See Also

     * Local Caching

27.4. Known Bugs

   None

27.5. Credits

   Pietro Cerutti, Jan-Piet Mens, Clemens Lang

28. Multiple FCC Feature

Save multiple copies of outgoing mail

28.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-08-08

   Dependencies: None

28.2. Introduction

   This feature allows the user to save outgoing emails in multiple
   folders.

   Folders should be listed separated by commas, but no spaces.

   The "fcc" field of an email can be set in two ways:
     * The <edit-fcc> command in the compose menu (default key: "f")
     * Creating a fcc-hook in your .neomuttrc

28.3. See Also

     * $record
     * fcc-hook

28.4. Known Bugs

   None

28.5. Credits

   Omen Wild, Richard Russon

29. Nested If Feature

Allow complex nested conditions in format strings

29.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-07

   Dependencies: None

29.2. Introduction

   NeoMutt's format strings can contain embedded if-then-else conditions.
   They are of the form:
%?VAR?TRUE&FALSE?

   If the variable "VAR" has a value greater than zero, print the "TRUE"
   string, otherwise print the "FALSE" string.

   e.g. %?S?Size: %S&Empty?

   Which can be read as:

   if (%S > 0) { print "Size: %S" } else { print "Empty" }

   These conditions are useful, but in NeoMutt they cannot be nested
   within one another. This feature uses the notation %<VAR?TRUE&FALSE>
   and allows them to be nested.

   The %<...> notation was used to format the current local time. but
   that's not really very useful since NeoMutt has no means of refreshing
   the screen periodically.

   A simple nested condition might be: (Some whitespace has been
   introduced for clarity)
%<x? %<y? XY & X > & %<y? Y & NONE > >  Conditions
     %<y? XY & X >                      x>0
          XY                            x>0,y>0
               X                        x>0,y=0

%<x? %<y? XY & X > & %<y? Y & NONE > >  Conditions
                     %<y? Y & NONE >    x=0
                          Y             x=0,y>0
                              NONE      x=0,y=0

   Equivalent to:

   if (x > 0) {
     if (y > 0) {
       print 'XY'
     } else {
       print 'X'
     }
   } else {
     if (y > 0) {
       print 'Y'
     } else {
       print 'NONE'
     }
   }

   Examples:
set index_format='%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-25.25n %s%> %<M?%M Msgs &%<l?%l Lines&%c Byt
es>>'

   if a thread is folded display the number of messages (%M)
   else if we know how many lines in the message display lines in message
   (%l)
   else display the size of the message in bytes (%c)
set index_format='%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-25.25n %<M?[%M] %s&%s%* %<l?%l&%c>>'

   if a thread is folded display the number of messages (%M) and the subje
   ct (%s)
   else if we know how many lines are in the message display subject (%s)
   and the lines in message (%l)
   else display the subject (%s) and the size of the message in bytes (%c)

Note

   If you wish to use angle brackets < > in a nested condition, then it's
   necessary to escape them, e.g.
set index_format='%<M?\<%M\>&%s>'

29.3. Variables

   The "nested-if" feature doesn't have any config of its own. It modifies
   the behavior of the format strings.

29.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the nested-if feature.

# This feature uses the format: '%<VAR?TRUE&FALSE>' for conditional
# format strings that can be nested.

# Example 1
# if a thread is folded
#       display the number of messages (%M)
# else if we know how many lines in the message
#       display lines in message (%l)
# else display the size of the message in bytes (%c)
set index_format='%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-25.25n %s%> %<M?%M Msgs &%<l?%l Lines&%c Byt
es>>'

# Example 2
# if a thread is folded
#       display the number of messages (%M)
#       display the subject (%s)
# else if we know how many lines in the message
#       display lines in message (%l)
# else
#       display the size of the message in bytes (%c)
set index_format='%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-25.25n %<M?[%M] %s&%s%* %<l?%l&%c>>'

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

29.5. See Also

     * cond-date feature
     * $index_format
     * $status_format

29.6. Known Bugs

   This feature is hard to understand

29.7. Credits

   David Champion, Richard Russon, Aleksa Sarai

30. New Mail Feature

Execute a command upon the receipt of new mail.

30.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-07-23

   Dependencies: None

30.2. Introduction

   This feature enables the new_mail_command setting, which can be used to
   execute a custom script (e.g. a notification handler) upon receiving a
   new mail.

   The command string can contain expandos, such as %n for the number of
   new messages. For a complete list, see: $status_format.

Note

   When the notification is sent, the folder of the new mail is no longer
   known. This is a limitation of NeoMutt. The `%f` expando will show the
   open folder.

   When using Maildir local mailboxes, you must set $check_new config
   variable for this feature to work.

   For example in Linux you can use (most distributions already provide
   notify-send):
set new_mail_command="notify-send --icon='/home/santiago/Pictures/neomutt.png' \
  'New Email' '%n new messages, %u unread.' &"

   And in OS X you will need to install a command line interface for
   Notification Center, for example terminal-notifier:
set new_mail_command="terminal-notifier -title '%v' -subtitle 'New Mail' \
  -message '%n new messages, %u unread.' -activate 'com.apple.Terminal'"

30.3. Variables

   Table 6.17. New Mail Command Variables
         Name        Type  Default
   new_mail_command string (empty)

30.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the new-mail feature.

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VARIABLES - shown with their default values
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Set the command you want NeoMutt to execute upon the receipt of a new email
set new_mail_command = ""
# Linux example:
# set new_mail_command="notify-send --icon='/home/santiago/Pictures/neomutt.png'
 \
#   'New Email in %f' '%n new messages, %u unread.' &"
# OS X example:
# set new_mail_command="terminal-notifier -title '%v' -subtitle 'New Mail in %f'
 \
#   -message '%n new messages, %u unread.' -activate 'com.apple.Terminal'"
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

30.5. See Also

     * folder-hook

30.6. Known Bugs

   None

30.7. Credits

   Yoshiki Vazquez-Baeza, Santiago Torres-Arias, Richard Russon

31. NNTP Feature

Talk to a Usenet news server

31.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-05-30

   Dependencies: None

31.2. Introduction

   Reading news via NNTP

   NeoMutt can read from a news server using NNTP.

   The default news server can be obtained from the $NNTPSERVER
   environment variable or from the /etc/nntpserver file. Like in other
   news readers, information about the subscribed newsgroups is saved in
   the file specified by the $newsrc variable. You can open a newsgroup
   with the function <change-newsgroup>

   When browsing the list of newsgroups on the server the function
   <subscribe> can be used to tell NeoMutt the groups of interest to you.
   This list is stored in the $newsrc file, so NeoMutt remembers it across
   invocations (see also $save_unsubscribed). With the <unsubscribe>
   function a group can be deleted from that list. You can also specify
   the list of interesting groups with the mailboxes command in your
   config file.

   When checking for new messages, NeoMutt only polls the subscribed
   newsgroups.

   The variable $news_cache_dir can be used to point to a directory.
   NeoMutt will create a hierarchy of subdirectories named like the
   account and newsgroup the cache is for. The hierarchy is also used to
   store header cache if NeoMutt was compiled with header cache support.

31.3. Variables

   Table 6.18. NNTP Variables
           Name           Type           Default
   ask_followup_to       boolean no
   ask_x_comment_to      boolean no
   catchup_newsgroup     quad    ask-yes
   followup_to_poster    quad    ask-yes
   group_index_format    string  %4C %M%N %5s %-45.45f %d
   inews                 string  (empty)
   newsgroups_charset    string  utf-8
   newsrc                string  ~/.newsrc
   news_cache_dir        string  ~/.neomutt
   news_server           string  (empty)
   nntp_authenticators   string  (empty)
   nntp_context          number  1000
   nntp_listgroup        boolean yes
   nntp_load_description boolean yes
   nntp_pass             string  (empty)
   nntp_poll             number  60
   nntp_user             string  (empty)
   post_moderated        quad    ask-yes
   save_unsubscribed     boolean no
   show_new_news         boolean yes
   show_only_unread      boolean no
   x_comment_to          boolean no

31.4. Functions

   NNTP adds the following functions to NeoMutt. By default, none of them
   are bound to keys.

   Table 6.19. NNTP Functions
   Menus Function Description
   browser,index <catchup> mark all articles in newsgroup as read
   index,pager <change-newsgroup> open a different newsgroup
   compose <edit-followup-to> edit the Followup-To field
   compose <edit-newsgroups> edit the newsgroups list
   compose <edit-x-comment-to> edit the X-Comment-To field
   attach,index,pager <followup-message> followup to newsgroup
   index,pager <post-message> post message to newsgroup
   browser <reload-active> load list of all newsgroups from NNTP server
   browser <subscribe> subscribe to current mbox (IMAP/NNTP only)
   browser <subscribe-pattern> subscribe to newsgroups matching a pattern
   browser <uncatchup> mark all articles in newsgroup as unread
   browser <unsubscribe> unsubscribe from current mbox (IMAP/NNTP only)
   browser <unsubscribe-pattern> unsubscribe from newsgroups matching a
   pattern
   index,pager <change-newsgroup-readonly> open a different newsgroup in
   read only mode
   attach,index,pager <forward-to-group> forward to newsgroup
   index <get-children> get all children of the current message
   index <get-parent> get parent of the current message
   index <reconstruct-thread> reconstruct thread containing current
   message
   index <get-message> get message with Message-Id

31.5. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the nntp feature.

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VARIABLES - shown with their default values
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
set ask_followup_to = no
set ask_x_comment_to = no
set catchup_newsgroup = ask-yes
set followup_to_poster = ask-yes
set group_index_format = '%4C %M%N %5s  %-45.45f %d'
set inews = ''
set newsgroups_charset = utf-8
set newsrc = '~/.newsrc'
set news_cache_dir = '~/.neomutt'
set news_server = ''
set nntp_authenticators = ''
set nntp_context = 1000
set nntp_listgroup = yes
set nntp_load_description = yes
set nntp_pass = ''
set nntp_poll = 60
set nntp_user = ''
set post_moderated = ask-yes
set save_unsubscribed = no
set show_new_news = yes
set show_only_unread = no
set x_comment_to = no
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FUNCTIONS - shown with an example mapping
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# mark all articles in newsgroup as read
bind browser,index y catchup
# open a different newsgroup
bind index,pager i change-newsgroup
# edit the Followup-To field
bind compose o edit-followup-to
# edit the newsgroups list
bind compose N edit-newsgroups
# edit the X-Comment-To field
bind compose x edit-x-comment-to
# followup to newsgroup
bind attach,index,pager F followup-message
# post message to newsgroup
bind index,pager P post-message
# load list of all newsgroups from NNTP server
bind browser g reload-active
# subscribe to current mbox (IMAP/NNTP only)
bind browser s subscribe
# subscribe to newsgroups matching a pattern
bind browser S subscribe-pattern
# mark all articles in newsgroup as unread
bind browser Y uncatchup
# unsubscribe from current mbox (IMAP/NNTP only)
bind browser u unsubscribe
# unsubscribe from newsgroups matching a pattern
bind browser U unsubscribe-pattern
# open a different newsgroup in read only mode
bind index,pager \ei change-newsgroup-readonly
# forward to newsgroup
bind attach,index,pager \eF forward-to-group
# get all children of the current message
# bind index ??? get-children
# get parent of the current message
bind index \eG get-parent
# reconstruct thread containing current message
# bind index ??? reconstruct-thread
# get message with Message-Id
bind index \CG get-message
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

31.6. Known Bugs

   None

31.7. Credits

   Vsevolod Volkov, Felix von Leitner, Richard Russon

32. Custom backend based Tags Feature

Implements Notmuch tags and Imap keywords

32.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2017-10-16

   Dependencies:
     * quasi-delete feature
     * index-color feature

32.2. Introduction

   Some backends allow to index and tag mail without storing the tags
   within the mail envelope. Two backends are currently implementing this
   feature. Notmuch handles them natively and IMAP stores them in custom
   IMAP keywords.

32.3. Variables

   Table 6.20. Custom tags Variables
      Name      Type  Default
   hidden_tags string
   unread,draft,flagged,passed,replied,attachment,signed,encrypted

32.4. Functions

   Notmuch adds the following functions to NeoMutt. By default, none of
   them are bound to keys.

   Table 6.21. Notmuch/IMAP Functions
   Menus Function Description
   index,pager <modify-labels> add, remove, or toggle tags: IMAP: edit the
   tags list Notmuch: [+]<tag> to add, -<tag> to remove, !<tag> to
   toggle(notmuch) tags. Note: Tab completion of tag names is available
   index,pager <modify-labels-then-hide> add, remove, or toggle tags IMAP:
   edit the tags list Notmuch: [+]<tag> to add, -<tag> to remove, !<tag>
   to toggle labels and then hide or unhide the message by changing the
   "quasi-deleted" to match if it would be shown when requerying. Normal
   redisplay rules apply here, so the user must call <sync-mailbox> for
   the changes to be displayed. Note: Tab completion of tag names is
   available.

32.5. Commands

   tag-transforms tag transformed-string { tag transformed-string ...}
   tag-formats tag format-string { tag format-string ...}

32.6. Colors

   Adds the objects, below, to index-color feature. The objects can take
   an optional pattern.

   Table 6.22. Index Colors
     Object                    Highlights
   index_tag  an individual message tag, %G, uses tag name
   index_tags the transformed message tags, %g or %J

32.7. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the custom tags feature.

# VARIABLES - shown with their default values
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable specifies private notmuch tags which should not be printed
# on screen (index, pager).
set hidden_tags = "unread,draft,flagged,passed,replied,attachment,signed,encrypt
ed"
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FUNCTIONS - shown with an example mapping
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# modify (notmuch/imap) tags
bind index,pager \` modify-labels
# modify (notmuch/imap) tag non-interactively.
macro index,pager tt "<modify-labels>!todo\n" "Toggle the 'todo' tag"
# modify labels and then hide message
# bind index,pager ??? modify-labels-then-hide
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# COMMANDS - shown with an example
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Replace some tags with icons
# tag-transforms tag transformed-string { tag transformed-string ...}
# tag-transforms "inbox"   "i"   \
#                "unread"  "u"   \
#                "replied" ">u "  \
#                "sent"    "-> "  \
#                "todo"    "T"   \
#                "deleted" "DEL" \
#                "invites" "CAL"

# The formats must start with 'G' and the entire sequence is case sensitive.
# tag-formats tag format-string { tag format-string ...}
# tag-formats "inbox"   "GI" \
#             "unread"  "GU" \
#             "replied" "GR" \
#             "sent"    "GS" \
#             "todo"    "Gt" \
#             "deleted" "GD" \
#             "invites" "Gi"

# Now instead of using '%g' or '%J' in your $index_format, which lists all tags
# in a non-deterministic order, you can something like the following which puts
# a transformed tag name in a specific spot on the index line:
# set index_format='%4C %S %[%y.%m.%d] %-18.18n %<GU?%GU& > %<GR?%GR& > %<GI?%GI
& > %s'

# The %G formatting sequence may display all tags including tags hidden by
# hidden_tags.
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# COLORS - some unpleasant examples are given
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# These symbols are added to the index-color feature:
# an individual message tag, %G, uses tag name
color index_tag red white "inbox"
# the transformed message tags, %g
color index_tags green default
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

32.8. Credits

   Mehdi Abaakouk, Richard Russon, Bernard 'Guyzmo' Pratz

33. Notmuch Feature

Email search engine

33.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-17

   Dependencies:
     * quasi-delete feature
     * index-color feature
     * Notmuch libraries

33.2. Introduction

   Notmuch is an email fulltext indexing and tagging engine.
     * For more information, see: https://notmuchmail.org/
     * More examples: https://notmuchmail.org/mutttips/

33.3. Using Notmuch

33.3.1. Folders URL

   notmuch://[<path>][?<item>=<name>[& ...]]

   The <path> is an absolute path to the directory where the notmuch
   database is found as returned by "notmuch config get database.path"
   command. Note that the <path> should NOT include .notmuch directory
   name.

   If the "<path>" is not defined then $nm_default_url or $folder is used,
   for example:
set nm_default_url = "notmuch:///home/foo/maildir"
named-mailboxes "My INBOX" "notmuch://?query=tag:inbox"

33.3.2. Items

   query=<string>

   See SEARCH SYNTAX in notmuch man page. Don't forget to use operators
   ("and"/"or") in your queries.

   Note that proper URL should not contain blank space and all "bad" chars
   should be encoded, for example

   tag:AAA and tag:BBB - encoding -> tag:AAA%20and%20tag:BBB

   but NeoMutt config file parser is smart enough to accept space in
   quoted strings. It means that you can use

   notmuch:///foo?query=tag:AAA and tag:BBB

   in your config files to keep things readable.

   For more details about Xapian queries, see:
   https://xapian.org/docs/queryparser.html

   limit=<number>

   Restricts number of messages/threads in the result. The default limit
   is nm_db_limit.

   Due to a limitation with libnotmuch, unread and flagged message count
   may be inaccurate with limit statements. libnotmuch cannot return a
   specific tag count within the first X messages of a query.

   type=<threads|messages>

   Reads all matching messages or whole-threads. The default is 'messages'
   or nm_query_type.

33.4. Variables

   Table 6.23. Notmuch Variables
   Name Type Default Note
   nm_config_file path auto Configuration file for the notmuch database.
   Either a path, auto for detecting a config. file, or empty for no
   configuration file. Only useful for notmuch 0.32+.
   nm_config_profile string (empty) Configuration profile for the notmuch
   database. Only useful for notmuch 0.32+.
   nm_db_limit number 0
   nm_default_url string (empty) Must use format: notmuch://<absolute
   path>
   nm_exclude_tags string (empty)
   nm_flagged_tag string flagged
   nm_open_timeout number 5
   nm_query_type string messages
   nm_query_window_current_position number 0 Position of current search
   window
   nm_query_window_current_search string (empty) Current search parameters
   nm_query_window_duration number 0 Duration between start and end dates
   for windowed notmuch query. This corresponds to a bounded notmuch date:
   query. See notmuch-search-terms manual page for more info. Value of 0
   disables windowed queries unless nm_query_window_enable=yes
   nm_query_window_enable boolean no Enables windowed notmuch queries for
   nm_query_window_duration = 0
   nm_query_window_or_terms string (empty) Additional notmuch search terms
   to always include in the window even if they're outside the date range.
   This turns the window from date:... to date:... or (additional search
   terms.) For example, to always include flagged, unread emails, set to
   tag:flagged and tag:unread
   nm_query_window_timebase string week Time base for windowed notmuch
   queries. Must be one of: hour, day, week, month, or year
   nm_record boolean no
   nm_record_tags string (empty)
   nm_unread_tag string unread

   More variables about tags configuration can be found in Custom backend
   Tags Feature

33.5. Functions

   Notmuch adds the following functions to NeoMutt. By default, none of
   them are bound to keys.

   Table 6.24. Notmuch Functions
   Menus Function Description
   index,pager <change-vfolder> switch to another virtual folder, a new
   folder maybe be specified by vfolder description (see named-mailboxes)
   or URL. the default is next vfolder with unread messages
   index,pager <entire-thread> read entire thread of the current message
   index,pager <vfolder-from-query> generate virtual folder from notmuch
   search query. Note: TAB completion of 'tag:' names is available.
   index,pager <vfolder-from-query-readonly> The same as
   <vfolder-from-query>; however, the mailbox will be read-only.
   index <vfolder-window-forward> generate virtual folder by moving the
   query's time window forward
   index <vfolder-window-backward> generate virtual folder by moving the
   query's time window backward
   index <vfolder-window-reset> generate virtual folder by moving the
   query's time window to the present

   More functions about tags can be found in Custom backend Tags Feature

33.6. Colors

   See Custom backend Tags colors

33.7. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the notmuch feature.

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VARIABLES - shown with their default values
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable specifies notmuch query limit.
set nm_db_limit = 0
# This variable specifies the default Notmuch database in format:
# notmuch://<absolute path>
set nm_default_url = ""
# The messages tagged with these tags are excluded and not loaded
# from notmuch DB to NeoMutt unless specified explicitly.
set nm_exclude_tags = ""
# This option specifies timeout for Notmuch database. Default is 5 seconds.
set nm_open_timeout = 5
# This variable specifies notmuch query type, supported types: 'threads' and
# 'messages'.
set nm_query_type = messages
# When writing a message in the NeoMutt record (see $record in the NeoMutt docs)
,
# also add it to the notmuch DB. Replies inherit the tags from the original emai
l.
set nm_record = no
# Tags modifications to the messages stored in the NeoMutt record.
# example:
#   set record = "~/sent-mails"
#   set nm_record = yes
#   set nm_record_tags = "-inbox,archive,me"
set nm_record_tags = ""
# This variable specifies the notmuch tag used for unread messages.
set nm_unread_tag = unread
# setup time window preferences
# first setup the duration, and then the time unit of that duration
# when set to 0 (the default) the search window feature is disabled
# unless explicitly enabled with nm_query_window_enable.
set nm_query_window_enable=yes
set nm_query_window_duration=2
set nm_query_window_timebase="week" # or "hour", "day", "week", "month", "year"
# Extend query window to always show mail matching these terms.
set nm_query_window_or_terms="tag:unread and tag:flagged"
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FUNCTIONS - shown with an example mapping
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# open a different virtual folder
bind index,pager X change-vfolder
# read entire thread of the current message
bind index,pager + entire-thread
# generate virtual folder from query
bind index,pager \eX vfolder-from-query
# generate virtual folder from query with time window
bind index < vfolder-window-backward
bind index > vfolder-window-forward
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

33.8. See Also

     * Compile-Time Features

33.9. Known Bugs

   None

33.10. Credits

   Karel Zak, Chris Mason, Christoph Rissner, David Riebenbauer, David
   Sterba, David Wilson, Don Zickus, Eric Davis, Jan Synacek, Jeremiah C.
   Foster, Josh Poimboeuf, Kirill A. Shutemov, Luke Macken, Mantas
   Mikulenas, Patrick Brisbin, Philippe Le Brouster, Raghavendra D Prabhu,
   Sami Farin, Stefan Assmann, Stefan Kuhn, Tim Stoakes, Vladimir Marek,
   Victor Manuel Jaquez Leal, Richard Russon, Bernard 'Guyzmo' Pratz

34. Pager Read Delay Feature

Delay when the pager marks a previewed message as read

34.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2021-06-16

   Dependencies: None

34.2. Introduction

   The "Pager Read Delay" feature adds a new config variable to allow the
   pager to operate in a preview mode. A new message is not marked as read
   merely because the pager opened it, but only after the pager remains on
   the message for a given length of time.

34.3. Functions

   The "Pager Read Delay" feature adds no new functions to NeoMutt.
   Existing pager functions for navigating to a different message now
   check whether to mark a message as read.

34.4. Variables

   The "Pager Read Delay" feature adds one new config variable,
   $pager_read_delay, which is an integer for how many seconds the pager
   must remain on a given message before marking it as read. The variable
   defaults to 0 for the original behavior of marking a message as read
   the moment the pager visits it.

34.5. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the pager-read-delay feature.

# Stay at least 5 seconds on a message before the pager marks it as read
set pager_read_delay = 5

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

34.6. Known Bugs

   When $pager_index_lines is non-zero, the "N" status indicator from the
   "%Z" expando of $index_format does not actively reflect the current
   new/read status of the message.

34.7. Credits

   Eric Blake

35. Progress Bar Feature

Show a visual progress bar on slow operations

35.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-07

   Dependencies: None

35.2. Introduction

   The "progress" feature shows a visual progress bar on slow tasks, such
   as indexing a large folder over the net.

35.3. Colors

   Table 6.25. Progress Colors
     Name   Default Color     Description
   progress default       Visual progress bar

35.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the progress feature.

# The 'progress' feature provides clear visual feedback for
# slow tasks, such as indexing a large folder over the net.

# Set the color of the progress bar
# White text on a red background
color progress white red

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

35.5. See Also

     * Color command

35.6. Known Bugs

   None

35.7. Credits

   Rocco Rutte, Vincent Lefevre, Stefan Kuhn, Karel Zak, Richard Russon

36. Quasi-Delete Feature

Mark emails that should be hidden, but not deleted

36.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-07

   Dependencies: None

36.2. Introduction

   The "quasi-delete" function marks an email that should be hidden from
   the index, but NOT deleted. The email will disappear from the index
   when <sync-mailbox> is called.

   On its own, this feature isn't very useful. It forms a useful part of
   the notmuch plugin.

36.3. Functions

   Table 6.26. Quasi-Delete Functions
   Menus Default Key Function Description
   index,pager (none) <quasi-delete> delete from NeoMutt, don't touch on
   disk

36.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the quasi-delete feature.

# The 'quasi-delete' function marks an email that should be hidden
# from the index, but NOT deleted.
bind index,pager Q quasi-delete

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

36.5. See Also

     * notmuch feature

36.6. Known Bugs

   None

36.7. Credits

   Karel Zak, Richard Russon

37. Reply With X-Original-To Feature

Direct reply to email using X-Original-To header

37.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-09-10

   Dependencies: None

37.2. Introduction

   Adds a reply_with_xorig for NeoMutt configuration files. If enabled,
   allows to reply to an email using the email address in the first
   X-Original-To: header of a mail as the From: header of the answer.

37.3. Variables

   Table 6.27. Reply With X-Original-To Variables
         Name        Type   Default
   reply_with_xorig Boolean no

37.4. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the reply-with-xorig feature.

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VARIABLES - shown with their default values
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Use X-Original-To header to reply when reverse is disabled or no alternate
# is found.
set reply_with_xorig = "yes"

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

37.5. Credits

   Pierre-Elliott Becue

38. Sensible Browser Feature

Make the file browser behave

38.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-09-10

   Dependencies: None

38.2. Introduction

   The "sensible browser" is a set of small changes to NeoMutt's mailbox
   browser which make the browser behave in a more predictable way.

   The behavior is divided into two use cases: Fixed Order; Variable
   Order.

38.2.1. A Fixed Order of Mailboxes

   This is for users who like their mailboxes in a fixed order, e.g.
   alphabetical, or unsorted (in the order of the config file).
# Fixed order
set browser_sort = "alpha"
set browser_sort = "unsorted"

   When you first start the browser, e.g. c? your current mailbox will be
   highlighted.

   When you navigate to a parent mailbox ("..") your old mailbox will be
   highlighted.

   ".." will always be listed at the top, however the rest of the list is
   sorted.

38.2.2. A Variable Order of Mailboxes

   This is for users who like their mailboxes sorted by a characteristic
   that changes, e.g. count of new mail, or the size of mailbox.
# Variable order
set browser_sort = "reverse-count"
set browser_sort = "reverse-size"

   When you first start the browser, e.g. c? the highlight will be on the
   first mailbox, e.g. the one with the most new mail.

   When you navigate to a parent mailbox ("..") your old mailbox will be
   highlighted.

   ".." will always be listed at the top, however the rest of the list is
   sorted.

38.3. See Also

     * $folder_format

38.4. Known Bugs

   None

38.5. Credits

   Pierre-Elliott Becue, Haakon Riiser, Richard Russon

39. Sidebar Feature

Overview of mailboxes

39.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-09-10, NeoMutt 1.7.0

   Dependencies: None

39.2. Introduction

   The Sidebar shows a list of all your mailboxes. The list can be turned
   on and off, it can be themed and the list style can be configured.

   This part of the manual is a reference guide. If you want a simple
   introduction with examples see the Sidebar Howto. If you just want to
   get started, you could use the sample Sidebar neomuttrc.

39.3. Variables

   Table 6.28. Sidebar Variables
                Name               Type       Default
   sidebar_component_depth        number  0
   sidebar_delim_chars            string  /.
   sidebar_divider_char           string  |
   sidebar_folder_indent          boolean no
   sidebar_format                 string  %D%* %n
   sidebar_indent_string          string     (two spaces)
   sidebar_new_mail_only          boolean no
   sidebar_next_new_wrap          boolean no
   sidebar_non_empty_mailbox_only boolean no
   sidebar_on_right               boolean no
   sidebar_short_path             boolean no
   sidebar_sort                   enum    unsorted
   sidebar_visible                boolean no
   sidebar_width                  number  20

   For more details, and examples, about the $sidebar_format, see the
   Sidebar Intro.

39.4. Functions

   Sidebar adds the following functions to NeoMutt. By default, none of
   them are bound to keys.

   Table 6.29. Sidebar Functions
   Menus Function Description
   index,pager <sidebar-next> Move the highlight to next mailbox
   index,pager <sidebar-next-new> Move the highlight to next mailbox with
   new mail
   index,pager <sidebar-open> Open highlighted mailbox
   index,pager <sidebar-page-down> Scroll the Sidebar down 1 page
   index,pager <sidebar-page-up> Scroll the Sidebar up 1 page
   index,pager <sidebar-prev> Move the highlight to previous mailbox
   index,pager <sidebar-prev-new> Move the highlight to previous mailbox
   with new mail
   index,pager <sidebar-toggle-visible> Make the Sidebar (in)visible

39.5. Commands

   sidebar_pin mailbox [ mailbox ...]
   sidebar_unpin { * | mailbox ... }

   This command specifies mailboxes that will always be displayed in the
   sidebar, even if $sidebar_new_mail_only is set and the mailbox does not
   contain new mail.

   The "sidebar_unpin" command is used to remove a mailbox from the list
   of always displayed mailboxes. Use "sidebar_unpin *" to remove all
   mailboxes.

39.6. Colors

   Table 6.30. Sidebar Colors
   Name Default Color Description
   sidebar_background default The entire sidebar panel
   sidebar_divider default The dividing line between the Sidebar and the
   Index/Pager panels
   sidebar_flagged default Mailboxes containing flagged mail
   sidebar_highlight underline Cursor to select a mailbox
   sidebar_indicator neomutt indicator The mailbox open in the Index panel
   sidebar_new default Mailboxes containing new mail
   sidebar_ordinary default Mailboxes that have no new/flagged mails, etc.
   sidebar_spool_file default Mailbox that receives incoming mail
   sidebar_unread default Mailboxes containing unread mail

   If the sidebar_indicator color isn't set, then the default NeoMutt
   indicator color will be used (the color used in the index panel).

39.7. Sort

   Table 6.31. Sidebar Sort
     Sort                Description
   alpha    Alphabetically by path or label
   count    Total number of messages
   desc     Descriptive name of the mailbox
   flagged  Number of flagged messages
   name     Alphabetically by path or label
   new      Number of unread messages
   path     Alphabetically by path (ignores label)
   unread   Number of unread messages
   unsorted Order of the mailboxes command

39.8. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the sidebar feature.

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VARIABLES - shown with their default values
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Should the Sidebar be shown?
set sidebar_visible = no
# How wide should the Sidebar be in screen columns?

# Note: Some characters, e.g. Chinese, take up two columns each.
set sidebar_width = 20
# Should the mailbox paths be abbreviated?
set sidebar_short_path = no
# Number of top-level mailbox path subdirectories to truncate for display
set sidebar_component_depth = 0
# When abbreviating mailbox path names, use any of these characters as path
# separators. Only the part after the last separators will be shown.
# For file folders '/' is good. For IMAP folders, often '.' is useful.
set sidebar_delim_chars = '/.'
# If the mailbox path is abbreviated, should it be indented?
set sidebar_folder_indent = no
# Indent mailbox paths with this string.
set sidebar_indent_string = '  '
# Make the Sidebar only display mailboxes that contain new, or flagged,
# mail.
set sidebar_new_mail_only = no
# Any mailboxes that are pinned will always be visible, even if the
# sidebar_new_mail_only option is enabled.
set sidebar_non_empty_mailbox_only = no
# Only show mailboxes that contain some mail
sidebar_pin '/home/user/mailbox1'
sidebar_pin '/home/user/mailbox2'
# When searching for mailboxes containing new mail, should the search wrap
# around when it reaches the end of the list?
set sidebar_next_new_wrap = no
# Show the Sidebar on the right-hand side of the screen
set sidebar_on_right = no
# The character to use as the divider between the Sidebar and the other NeoMutt
# panels.
set sidebar_divider_char = '|'
# Enable extended mailbox mode to calculate total, new, and flagged
# message counts for each mailbox.
set mail_check_stats
# Display the Sidebar mailboxes using this format string.
set sidebar_format = '%B%<F? [%F]>%* %<N?%N/>%S'
# Sort the mailboxes in the Sidebar using this method:
#       count    - total number of messages
#       flagged  - number of flagged messages
#       unread   - number of unread messages
#       path     - mailbox path
#       unsorted - do not sort the mailboxes
set sidebar_sort = 'unsorted'
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FUNCTIONS - shown with an example mapping
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Move the highlight to the previous mailbox
bind index,pager \Cp sidebar-prev
# Move the highlight to the next mailbox
bind index,pager \Cn sidebar-next
# Open the highlighted mailbox
bind index,pager \Co sidebar-open
# Move the highlight to the previous page
# This is useful if you have a LOT of mailboxes.
bind index,pager <F3> sidebar-page-up
# Move the highlight to the next page
# This is useful if you have a LOT of mailboxes.
bind index,pager <F4> sidebar-page-down
# Move the highlight to the previous mailbox containing new, or flagged,
# mail.
bind index,pager <F5> sidebar-prev-new
# Move the highlight to the next mailbox containing new, or flagged, mail.
bind index,pager <F6> sidebar-next-new
# Toggle the visibility of the Sidebar.
bind index,pager B sidebar-toggle-visible
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# COLORS - some unpleasant examples are given
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Note: All color operations are of the form:
#       color OBJECT FOREGROUND BACKGROUND
# Color of the current, open, mailbox
# Note: This is a general NeoMutt option which colors all selected items.
color indicator cyan black
# Sidebar-specific color of the selected item
color sidebar_indicator cyan black
# Color of the highlighted, but not open, mailbox.
color sidebar_highlight black color8
# Color of the entire Sidebar panel
color sidebar_background default black
# Color of the divider separating the Sidebar from NeoMutt panels
color sidebar_divider color8 black
# Color to give mailboxes containing flagged mail
color sidebar_flagged red black
# Color to give mailboxes containing new mail
color sidebar_new green black
# Color to give mailboxes containing no new/flagged mail, etc.
color sidebar_ordinary color245 default
# Color to give the spool_file mailbox
color sidebar_spool_file color207 default
# Color to give mailboxes containing no unread mail
color sidebar_unread color136 default
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

39.9. See Also

     * Regular Expressions
     * Patterns
     * Color command
     * notmuch feature

39.10. Known Bugs

   None

39.11. Credits

   Justin Hibbits, Thomer M. Gil, David Sterba, Evgeni Golov, Fabian
   Groffen, Jason DeTiberus, Stefan Assmann, Steve Kemp, Terry Chan, Tyler
   Earnest, Richard Russon

40. Skip Quoted Feature

Managing quoted text in the pager

40.1. Support

   Since: $skip_quoted_offset in NeoMutt 2016-03-28,
   $toggle_quoted_show_levels in NeoMutt 2019-10-25, <skip-headers> in
   NeoMutt 2021-02-05

   Dependencies: None

40.2. Introduction

   When viewing an email, the <skip-quoted> function (by default the S
   key) will scroll past any email headers or quoted text. Sometimes, a
   little context is useful. By setting the $skip_quoted_offset variable,
   you can select how much of the quoted text is left visible.

   When using the <toggle-quoted> function (by default the T key), it can
   be convenient to hide text that has been quoted multiple times while
   still leaving quoted text that is relevant to the unquoted reply
   intact. This can be done by setting the $toggle_quoted_show_levels
   variable.

   Also, it can be handy to jump directly to the start of the email body
   with the <skip-headers> function (by default the H key).

40.3. Functions

   Table 6.32. Skip Quoted Functions
   Menus Default Key    Function               Description
   pager H           <skip-headers> jump to first line after headers

40.4. Variables

   Table 6.33. Skip-Quoted Variables
             Name             Type            Default
   pager_skip_quoted_context number  0
   skip_quoted_offset        synonym pager_skip_quoted_context
   toggle_quoted_show_levels number  0

40.5. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the skip-quoted feature.

# The 'S' (skip-quoted) command scrolls the pager past the quoted text (usually
# indented with '> '. Setting 'pager_skip_quoted_context leaves some lines
# of quoted text on screen for context.

# Show three quoted lines before the reply
set pager_skip_quoted_context = 3

# The 'T' (toggle-quoted) command hides quoted text, but can
# be limited to only hiding deeply-nested quotes.

# Preserve the first level of quoted text
set toggle_quoted_show_levels = 1

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

40.6. Known Bugs

   None

40.7. Credits

   David Sterba, Richard Russon

41. Status Color Feature

Custom rules for theming the status bar

41.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-07

   Dependencies: None

41.2. Introduction

   The "status-color" feature allows you to theme different parts of the
   status bar (also when it's used by the index).

   Unlike normal color commands, color status can now take up to 2 extra
   parameters (regex, num).

41.3. Commands

   color status foreground background [ regex [ num ]]

   With zero parameters, NeoMutt will set the default color for the entire
   status bar.

   With one parameter, NeoMutt will only color the parts matching the
   regex.

   With two parameters, NeoMutt will only color the num'th sub-match of
   the regex.

41.4. Colors

   Table 6.34. Status Colors
    Name  Default Color Description
   status reverse       Status bar

41.5. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the status-color feature.

# The 'status-color' feature allows you to theme different parts of
# the status bar (also when it's used by the index).

# For the examples below, set some defaults
set status_format='-%r-NeoMutt: %f [Msgs:%<M?%M/>%m%<n? New:%n>%<o? Old:%o>%<d?
Del:%d>\
%<F? Flag:%F>%<t? Tag:%t>%<p? Post:%p>%<b? Inc:%b>%<l? %l>]---(%s/%S)-%>-(%P)---
'
set index_format='%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15L (%<l?%4l&%4c>) %s'
set use_threads=yes
set sort=last-date-received
set sort_aux=date
# 'status color' can take up to 2 extra parameters
# color status foreground background [ regex [ num ]]
# 0 extra parameters
# Set the default color for the entire status line
color status blue white
# 1 extra parameter
# Set the color for a matching pattern
# color status foreground background regex
# Highlight New, Deleted, or Flagged emails
color status brightred white '(New|Del|Flag):[0-9]+'
# Highlight mailbox ordering if it's different from the default
# First, highlight anything (*/*)
color status brightred default '\([^)]+/[^)]+\)'
# Then override the color for one specific case
color status default default '\(threads/last-date-received\)'
# 2 extra parameters
# Set the color for the nth submatch of a pattern
# color status foreground background regex num
# Highlight the contents of the []s but not the [] themselves
color status red default '\[([^]]+)\]' 1
# The '1' refers to the first regex submatch, which is the inner
# part in ()s
# Highlight the mailbox
color status brightwhite default 'NeoMutt: ([^ ]+)' 1
# Search for 'NeoMutt: ' but only highlight what comes after it

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

41.6. See Also

     * Compile-Time Features
     * Regular Expressions
     * Patterns
     * index-color feature
     * Color command

41.7. Known Bugs

   None

41.8. Credits

   David Sterba, Thomas Glanzmann, Kirill A. Shutemov, Richard Russon

42. TLS-SNI Feature

Negotiate with a server for a TLS/SSL certificate

42.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-03-07

   Dependencies:
          OpenSSL

42.2. Introduction

   The "TLS-SNI" feature adds support for TLS virtual hosting. If your
   mail server doesn't support this everything will still work normally.

   TLS supports sending the expected server hostname during the handshake,
   via the SNI extension. This can be used to select a server certificate
   to issue to the client, permitting virtual-hosting without requiring
   multiple IP addresses.

   This has been tested against Exim 4.80, which optionally logs SNI and
   can perform vhosting.

   To verify TLS SNI support by a server, you can use:
openssl s_client -host <imap server> -port <port> -tls1 -servername <imap server
>

42.3. Known Bugs

   None

42.4. Credits

   Jeremy Katz, Phil Pennock, Richard Russon

43. Trash Folder Feature

Automatically move deleted emails to a trash bin

43.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2016-09-10, NeoMutt 1.7.0

   Dependencies:
          If IMAP is enabled, the trash folder will use it wisely

43.2. Introduction

   In NeoMutt, when you "delete" an email it is first marked deleted. The
   email isn't really gone until <sync-mailbox> is called. This happens
   when the user leaves the folder, or the function is called manually.

   After <sync-mailbox> has been called the email is gone forever.

   The $trash variable defines a folder in which to keep old emails. As
   before, first you mark emails for deletion. When <sync-mailbox> is
   called the emails are moved to the trash folder.

   The $trash path can be either a full directory, or be relative to the
   $folder variable, like the mailboxes command.

Note

   Emails deleted from the trash folder are gone forever.

43.3. Variables

   Table 6.35. Trash Variables
   Name   Type  Default
   trash string (none)

43.4. Functions

   Table 6.36. Trash Functions
   Menus Default Key Function Description
   index,pager (none) <purge-message> really delete the current entry,
   bypassing the trash folder

43.5. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the 'trash' feature.

# This feature defines a new 'trash' folder.

# When mail is deleted it will be moved to this folder.

# Folder in which to put deleted emails
set trash='+Trash'
set trash='/home/flatcap/Mail/Trash'
# The default delete key 'd' will move an email to the 'trash' folder
# Bind 'D' to REALLY delete an email
bind index D purge-message
# Note: Deleting emails from the 'trash' folder will REALLY delete them.

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

43.6. See Also

     * folder-hook

43.7. Known Bugs

   None

43.8. Credits

   Cedric Duval, Benjamin Kuperman, Paul Miller, Richard Russon

44. Use Threads Feature

Improve the experience with viewing threads in the index

44.1. Support

   Since: NeoMutt 2021-08-01

   Dependencies: None

44.2. Introduction

   The "Use Threads" feature adds a new config variable to allow more
   precise control of how threads are displayed in the index. Whether
   threads are in use is now orthogonal from how messages are sorted.

44.3. Functions

   The "Use Threads" feature adds no new functions to NeoMutt. The
   existing functions <sort-mailbox> and <sort-reverse> are updated to
   toggle the state of $use_threads once it has been set, while preserving
   backwards-compatible behavior on $sort if this feature is not used.

44.4. Variables

   The "Use Threads" feature adds one new config variable, $use_threads,
   which is an enumeration of possible thread views. The variable defaults
   to unset for the original behavior of overloading $sort=threads to
   enable sorting. It can be set to flat (or no) for an unthreaded view
   based on $sort, to threads (or yes) for a threaded view where roots
   appear above children, or to reverse for a threaded view where children
   appear above roots.

   When sorting by threads, the value of $sort determines which thread
   floats to the top. If $sort does not contain reverse-, the latest
   thread goes to the bottom for use_threads=threads and to the top for
   use_threads=reverse; the direction of float is swapped if $sort also
   uses reverse-. If $sort includes last-, the overall thread is sorted by
   its descendant at any depth which would sort last in a flat view;
   otherwise, the overall thread is sorted solely by the thread root. The
   last- prefix is ignored when use_threads=flat.

   Within a single thread, the value of $sort_aux determines how siblings
   are sorted. The same prefixes apply as for $sort, although it is less
   common to use the last- prefix.

   The "Use Threads" feature also modifies the existing config variable
   $status_format, adding the %T expando which shows the current threading
   method.

44.5. Use Threads

   Table 6.37. Use Threads
      Name     Type Default
   use_threads enum unset

44.6. neomuttrc

# Example NeoMutt config file for the use-threads feature.

# ------------------------------------------------------------
# Default configuration: flat view sorted by date
# selecting threads with <sort-mailbox> changes $sort
#set use_threads=unset sort=date sort_aux=date
# Modern configuration: explicit flat view sorted by date
# selecting threads with <sort-mailbox> changes $use_threads
set use_threads=no sort=date sort_aux=date
#   Anne     12:01  cover letter for thread 1
#   Anne     12:02  part 1 of thread 1
#   Anne     12:03  part 2 of thread 1
#   Anne     12:04  part 3 of thread 1
#   Barbara  12:05  thread 2
#   Claire   12:06  thread 3
#   Diane    12:07  re: part 2 of thread 1
#   Erica    12:08  re: thread 2

# ------------------------------------------------------------
# Legacy configuration: sorting threads by date started
#set sort=threads sort_aux=date
# Modern configuration for the same
# Latest root message sorts last
set use_threads=yes sort=date sort_aux=date
#   Anne     12:01  cover letter for thread 1
#   Anne     12:02  |->part 1 of thread 1
#   Anne     12:03  |->part 2 of thread 1
#   Diane    12:07  | `->re: part 2 of thread 1
#   Anne     12:04  `->part 3 of thread 1
#   Barbara  12:05  thread 2
#   Erica    12:08  `->re: thread 2
#   Claire   12:06  thread 3

# ------------------------------------------------------------
# Legacy configuration: display threads upside-down
#set sort=reverse-threads sort_aux=date
# Modern configuration for the same
# Latest root message sorts first
set use_threads=reverse sort=date sort_aux=date
#   Claire   12:06  thread 3
#   Erica    12:08  ,->re: thread 2
#   Barbara  12:05  thread 2
#   Anne     12:04  ,->part 3 of thread 1
#   Diane    12:07  | ,->re: part 2 of thread 1
#   Anne     12:03  |->part 2 of thread 1
#   Anne     12:02  |->part 1 of thread 1
#   Anne     12:01  cover letter for thread 1

# ------------------------------------------------------------
# Legacy configuration: recently active thread/subthread first
#set sort=threads sort_aux=reverse-last-date
# Modern configuration for the same
# Note that subthreads are also rearranged
set use_threads=threads sort=reverse-last-date sort_aux=reverse-last-date
#   Barbara  12:05  thread 2
#   Erica    12:08  `->re: thread 2
#   Anne     12:01  cover letter for thread 1
#   Anne     12:03  |->part 2 of thread 1
#   Diane    12:07  | `->re: part 2 of thread 1
#   Anne     12:04  |->part 3 of thread 1
#   Anne     12:02  `->part 1 of thread 1
#   Claire   12:06  thread 3

# ------------------------------------------------------------
# Modern configuration: threads keep date order, recently active thread last
# (not possible with legacy configuration)
set use_threads=threads sort=last-date sort_aux=date
#   Claire   12:06  thread 3
#   Anne     12:01  cover letter for thread 1
#   Anne     12:02  |->part 1 of thread 1
#   Anne     12:03  |->part 2 of thread 1
#   Diane    12:07  | `->re: part 2 of thread 1
#   Anne     12:04  `->part 3 of thread 1
#   Barbara  12:05  thread 2
#   Erica    12:08  `->re: thread 2

# vim: syntax=neomuttrc

44.7. Known Bugs

   Even though use_threads accepts the values yes and no, it does not
   behave like a boolean or quad-option variable. A bare set use_threads
   performs a query rather than setting it to yes, and the variable is not
   usable with toggle.

44.8. Credits

   Eric Blake

45. Autocrypt

   NeoMutt can be compiled with Autocrypt support by running configure
   with the --autocrypt flag. Autocrypt provides easy to use, passive
   protection against data collection. Keys are distributed via an
   Autocrypt: header added to emails. It does not protect against active
   adversaries, and so should not be considered a substitute for normal
   encryption via your keyring, using key signing and the web of trust to
   verify identities. With an understanding of these limitations,
   Autocrypt still provides an easy way to minimize cleartext emails sent
   between common correspondents, without having to explicitly exchange
   keys. More information can be found at https://autocrypt.org/.

45.1. Requirements

   Autocrypt requires support for ECC cryptography, and NeoMutt by default
   will generate ECC keys. Therefore GnuPG 2.1 or greater is required.
   Additionally, NeoMutt's Autocrypt implementation uses GPGME and
   requires at least version 1.8.0.

   Account and peer information is stored in a sqlite3 database, and so
   NeoMutt must be configured with the --with-sqlite flag when autocrypt
   is enabled.

   It is highly recommended that NeoMutt be configured with --idn2
   (enabled by default) so that Autocrypt can properly deal with
   international domain names.

   While NeoMutt uses GPGME for Autocrypt, normal keyring operations can
   still be performed via classic mode (i.e. with $crypt_use_gpgme unset).
   However, to avoid unnecessary prompts, it is recommended gpg not be
   configured in loopback pinentry mode, and that $pgp_use_gpg_agent
   remain set (the default).

45.2. First Run

   To enable Autocrypt, set $autocrypt, and if desired change the value of
   $autocrypt_dir in your muttrc. The first time NeoMutt is run after
   that, you will be prompted to create $autocrypt_dir. NeoMutt will then
   automatically create an sqlite3 database and GPG keyring in that
   directory. Note since these files should be considered private, NeoMutt
   will create this directory with mode 700. If you create the directory
   manually, you should do the same.

   NeoMutt recommends keeping the $autocrypt_dir directory set differently
   from your GnuPG keyring directory (e.g. ~/.gnupg). Keys are
   automatically imported into the keyring from Autocrypt: headers.
   Compared to standard "web of trust" keys, Autocrypt keys are somewhat
   ephemeral, and the autocrypt database is used to track when keys change
   or fall out of use. Having these keys mixed in with your normal keyring
   will make it more difficult to use features such as
   $crypt_opportunistic_encrypt and Autocrypt at the same time.

   The $autocrypt_dir variable is not designed to be changed while NeoMutt
   is running. The database is created (if necessary) and connected to
   during startup. Changing the variable can result in a situation where
   NeoMutt is looking in one place for the database and a different place
   for the GPG keyring, resulting in strange behavior.

   Once the directory, keyring, and database are created, NeoMutt will ask
   whether you would like to create an account. In order to use Autocrypt,
   each sending address needs an account. As a convenience you can create
   an account during the first run. If you would like to add additional
   accounts later, this can be done via the <autocrypt-acct-menu> function
   in the index, by default bound to A.

   Account creation will first ask you for an email address. Next, it will
   ask whether you want to create a new key or select an existing key.
   (Note key selection takes place from the $autocrypt_dir keyring, which
   will normally be empty during first run). Finally, it will ask whether
   this address should prefer encryption or not. Autocrypt 1.1 allows
   automatically enabling encryption if both sender and receiver have set
   "prefer encryption". Otherwise, you will need to manually enable
   autocrypt encryption in the compose menu. For more details, see the
   compose menu section below.

   After optionally creating an account, NeoMutt will prompt you to scan
   mailboxes for Autocrypt headers. This step occurs because header cached
   messages are not re-scanned for Autocrypt headers. Scanning during this
   step will temporarily disable the header cache while opening each
   mailbox. If you wish to do this manually later, you can simulate the
   same thing by unsetting $header_cache and opening a mailbox.

   A final technical note: the first run process takes place between
   reading the muttrc and opening the initial mailbox. Some muttrc files
   will push macros to be run after opening the mailbox. To prevent this
   from interfering with the first run prompts, NeoMutt disables all
   macros during the first run.

45.3. Compose Menu

   When enabled, Autocrypt will add a line to the compose menu with two
   fields: Autocrypt: and Recommendation:.

   The Autocrypt: field shows whether the message will be encrypted by
   Autocrypt when sent. It has two values: Encrypt and Off. Encrypt can be
   enabled using the <autocrypt-menu> function, by default bound to o.

   The Recommendation: field shows the output of the Autocrypt
   recommendation engine. This can have one of five values:
     * Off means the engine is disabled. This can happen if the From
       address doesn't have an autocrypt account, or if the account has
       been manually disabled.
     * No means one or more recipients are missing an autocrypt key, or
       the key found is unusable (i.e. expired, revoked, disabled,
       invalid, or not usable for encryption.)
     * Discouraged means a key was found for every recipient, but the
       engine is not confident the message will be decryptable by the
       recipient. This can happen if the key hasn't been used recently
       (compared to their last seen email).
       It can also happen if the key wasn't seen first-hand from the
       sender. Autocrypt has a feature where recipient keys can be
       included in group-encrypted emails. This allows you to reply to a
       conversation where you don't have a key first-hand from one of the
       other recipients. However, those keys are not trusted as much as
       from first-hand emails, so the engine warns you with a Discouraged
       status.
     * Available means a key was found for every recipient, and the engine
       believes all keys are recent and seen from the recipient first
       hand. However, either you or one of the recipients chose not to
       specify "prefer encryption".
     * Yes is the same as Available, with the addition that you and all
       recipients have specified "prefer encryption". This value will
       automatically enable encryption, unless you have manually switched
       it off or enabled regular encryption or signing via the <pgp-menu>.

   As mentioned above the <autocrypt-menu> function, by default bound to
   o, can be used to change the Encrypt: field value. (e)ncrypt will
   toggle encryption on. (c)lear will toggle encryption off. If either of
   these are chosen, the field will remain in that state despite what the
   Recommendation: field shows. Lastly, (a)utomatic will set the value
   based on the recommendation engine's output.

   Autocrypt encryption defers to normal encryption or signing. Anything
   that enables normal encryption or signing will cause autocrypt
   encryption to turn off. The only exception is when replying to an
   autocrypt-encrypted email (i.e. an email decrypted from the
   $autocrypt_dir keyring). Then, if $autocrypt_reply is set, autocrypt
   mode will be forced on, overriding the settings $crypt_auto_sign,
   $crypt_auto_encrypt, $crypt_reply_encrypt, $crypt_reply_sign,
   $crypt_reply_sign_encrypted, and $crypt_opportunistic_encrypt.

   When postponing a message, autocrypt will respect $postpone_encrypt,
   but will use the autocrypt account key to encrypt the message. Be sure
   to set $postpone_encrypt to ensure postponed messages marked for
   autocrypt encryption are encrypted.

45.4. Account Management

   The Autocrypt Account Menu is available from the index via
   <autocrypt-acct-menu>, by default bound to A. See Autocrypt Account
   Menu for the list of functions and their default keybindings.

   In this menu, you can create new accounts, delete accounts, toggle an
   account active/inactive, and toggle the "prefer encryption" flag for an
   account.

   Deleting an account only removes the account from the database. The GPG
   key is kept, to ensure you still have the ability to read past
   encrypted emails.

   The Autocrypt 1.1 "Setup Message" feature is not available yet, but
   will be added in the future.

45.5. Alternative Key and Keyring Strategies

   NeoMutt by default partitions Autocrypt from normal keyring
   encryption/signing. It does this by using a separate GPG keyring (in
   $autocrypt_dir) and creating a new ECC key in that keyring for
   accounts. There are good reasons for doing this by default. It keeps
   random keys found inside email headers out of your normal keyring. ECC
   keys are compact and better suited for email headers. Autocrypt key
   selection is completely different from "web of trust" key selection,
   based on last-seen rules as opposed to trust and validity. It also
   allows NeoMutt to distinguish Autocrypt encrypted emails from regular
   encrypted emails, and set the mode appropriately when replying to each
   type of email.

   Still, some users may want to use an existing key from their normal
   keyring for Autocrypt too. There are two ways this can be accomplished.
   The recommended way is to set $autocrypt_dir to your normal keyring
   directory (e.g. ~/.gnupg). During account creation, choosing "(s)elect
   existing GPG key" will then list and allow selecting your existing key
   for the new account.

   An alternative is to copy your key over to the Autocrypt keyring, but
   there is a severe downside. NeoMutt first tries to decrypt messages
   using the Autocrypt keyring, and if that fails tries the normal keyring
   second. This means all encrypted emails to that key will be decrypted,
   and have signatures verified from, the Autocrypt keyring. Keys
   signatures and web of trust from your normal keyring will no longer
   show up in signatures when decrypting.

   For that reason, if you want to use an existing key from your normal
   keyring, it is recommended to just set $autocrypt_dir to ~/.gnupg. This
   allows "web of trust" to show an appropriate signature message for
   verified messages. Autocrypt header keys will be imported into your
   keyring, but if you don't want them mixed you should strongly consider
   using a separate autocrypt key and keyring instead.

   Both methods have a couple additional caveats:
     * Replying to an Autocrypt decrypted message by default forces
       Autocrypt mode on. By sharing the same key, all replies will then
       start in Autocrypt mode, even if a message wasn't sent by one of
       your Autocrypt peers. $autocrypt_reply can be unset to allow manual
       control of the mode when replying.
     * When NeoMutt creates an account from a GPG key, it exports the
       public key, base64 encodes it, and stores that value in the sqlite3
       database. The value is then used in the Autocrypt header added to
       outgoing emails. The ECC keys NeoMutt creates don't change, but if
       you use external keys that expire, when you resign to extend the
       expiration you will need to recreate the Autocrypt account using
       the account menu. Otherwise the Autocrypt header will contain the
       old expired exported keydata.

Chapter 7. Security Considerations

   Table of Contents

   1. Passwords
   2. Temporary Files
   3. Information Leaks

        3.1. Message-Id: headers
        3.2. mailto:-style Links

   4. External Applications

   First of all, NeoMutt contains no security holes included by intention
   but may contain unknown security holes. As a consequence, please run
   NeoMutt only with as few permissions as possible. Especially, do not
   run NeoMutt as the super user.

   When configuring NeoMutt, there're some points to note about secure
   setups so please read this chapter carefully.

1. Passwords

   Although NeoMutt can be told the various passwords for accounts, please
   never store passwords in configuration files. Besides the fact that the
   system's operator can always read them, you could forget to mask it out
   when reporting a bug or asking for help via a mailing list. Even worse,
   your mail including your password could be archived by internet search
   engines, mail-to-news gateways etc. It may already be too late before
   you notice your mistake.

2. Temporary Files

   NeoMutt uses many temporary files for viewing messages, verifying
   digital signatures, etc. As long as being used, these files are visible
   by other users and maybe even readable in case of misconfiguration.
   Also, a different location for these files may be desired which can be
   changed via the $tmp_dir variable.

3. Information Leaks

3.1. Message-Id: headers

   Since 2023-02-18 NeoMutt generates random Message-Id: headers, which do
   not leak any information beyond their randomness.

3.2. mailto:-style Links

   As NeoMutt be can be set up to be the mail client to handle mailto:
   style links in websites, there're security considerations, too.
   Arbitrary header fields can be embedded in these links which could
   override existing header fields or attach arbitrary files using the
   Attach: pseudoheader. This may be problematic if the $edit-headers
   variable is unset, i.e. the user doesn't want to see header fields
   while editing the message and doesn't pay enough attention to the
   compose menu's listing of attachments.

   For example, following a link like
mailto:joe@host?Attach=~/.gnupg/secring.gpg

   will send out the user's private gnupg keyring to joe@host if the user
   doesn't follow the information on screen carefully enough.

   To prevent these issues, NeoMutt by default only accepts the Subject,
   Body, Cc, In-Reply-To, and References headers. Allowed headers can be
   adjusted with the mailto_allow and unmailto_allow commands.

4. External Applications

   NeoMutt in many places has to rely on external applications or for
   convenience supports mechanisms involving external applications.

   One of these is the mailcap mechanism as defined by RFC1524. Details
   about a secure use of the mailcap mechanisms is given in Section 3.2,
   "Secure Use of Mailcap".

   Besides the mailcap mechanism, NeoMutt uses a number of other external
   utilities for operation, for example to provide crypto support, in
   backtick expansion in configuration files or format string filters. The
   same security considerations apply for these as for tools involved via
   mailcap.

Chapter 8. Performance Tuning

   Table of Contents

   1. Reading and Writing Mailboxes
   2. Reading Messages from Remote Folders
   3. Searching and Limiting

1. Reading and Writing Mailboxes

   NeoMutt's performance when reading mailboxes can be improved in two
   ways:
    1. For remote folders (IMAP and POP) as well as folders using
       one-file-per message storage (Maildir and MH), NeoMutt's
       performance can be greatly improved using header caching. using a
       single database per folder.
    2. NeoMutt provides the $read_inc and $write_inc variables to specify
       at which rate to update progress counters. If these values are too
       low, NeoMutt may spend more time on updating the progress counter
       than it spends on actually reading/writing folders.
       For example, when opening a maildir folder with a few thousand
       messages, the default value for $read_inc may be too low. It can be
       tuned on on a folder-basis using folder-hooks:
# use very high $read_inc to speed up reading hcache'd maildirs
folder-hook . 'set read_inc=1000'
# use lower value for reading slower remote IMAP folders
folder-hook ^imap 'set read_inc=100'
# use even lower value for reading even slower remote POP folders
folder-hook ^pop 'set read_inc=1'

   These settings work on a per-message basis. However, as messages may
   greatly differ in size and certain operations are much faster than
   others, even per-folder settings of the increment variables may not be
   desirable as they produce either too few or too much progress updates.
   Thus, NeoMutt allows to limit the number of progress updates per second
   it'll actually send to the terminal using the $time_inc variable.

2. Reading Messages from Remote Folders

   Reading messages from remote folders such as IMAP an POP can be slow
   especially for large mailboxes since NeoMutt only caches a very limited
   number of recently viewed messages (usually 10) per session (so that it
   will be gone for the next session.)

   To improve performance and permanently cache whole messages and
   headers, please refer to body caching and header caching for details.

   Additionally, it may be worth trying some of NeoMutt's experimental
   features. $imap_qresync (which requires header caching) can provide a
   huge speed boost opening mailboxes if your IMAP server supports it.
   $imap_deflate enables compression, which can also noticeably reduce
   download time for large mailboxes and messages.

3. Searching and Limiting

   When searching mailboxes either via a search or a limit action, for
   some patterns NeoMutt distinguishes between regular expression and
   string searches. For regular expressions, patterns are prefixed with
   "~" and with "=" for string searches.

   Even though a regular expression search is fast, it's several times
   slower than a pure string search which is noticeable especially on
   large folders. As a consequence, a string search should be used instead
   of a regular expression search if the user already knows enough about
   the search pattern.

   For example, when limiting a large folder to all messages sent to or by
   an author, it's much faster to search for the initial part of an e-mail
   address via =Luser@ instead of ~Luser@. This is especially true for
   searching message bodies since a larger amount of input has to be
   searched.

   As for regular expressions, a lower case string search pattern makes
   NeoMutt perform a case-insensitive search except for IMAP (because for
   IMAP NeoMutt performs server-side searches which don't support
   case-insensitivity).

Chapter 9. Reference

   Table of Contents

   1. Command-Line Options
   2. Configuration Commands
   3. Configuration Variables
   4. Functions

        4.1. Generic Menu
        4.2. Index Menu
        4.3. Pager Menu
        4.4. Alias Menu
        4.5. Query Menu
        4.6. Attachment Menu
        4.7. Compose Menu
        4.8. Postpone Menu
        4.9. Browser Menu
        4.10. Pgp Menu
        4.11. Smime Menu
        4.12. Editor Menu

1. Command-Line Options

   Running neomutt with no arguments will make NeoMutt attempt to read
   your spool mailbox. However, it is possible to read other mailboxes and
   to send messages from the command line as well.

   Table 9.1. Command line options
   Option Description
   -- Special argument forces NeoMutt to stop option parsing and treat
   remaining arguments as addresses even if they start with a dash
   -A alias Print an expanded version of the given alias to stdout and
   exit
   -a file Attach one or more files to a message (must be the last
   option). Add any addresses after the '--' argument, e.g.:
neomutt -a image.jpg -- address1
neomutt -a image.jpg *.png -- address1 address2

   -b address Specify a blind carbon copy (Bcc) recipient
   -C Enable cryptographic operations in the cases in which they're
   disabled by default. Those include batch mode, sending a postponed
   message, and resending a message.
   -c address Specify a carbon copy (Cc) recipient
   -D Dump all config variables as 'name=value' pairs to stdout
   -D -D (or -DD) Like -D, but only show the config that has changed
   -D -O Like -D, but show one-liner documentation
   -D -S Like -D, but hide the value of sensitive variables
   -d level Log debugging output to a file (default is
   "~/.neomuttdebug0"). The level can range from 1-5 and affects verbosity
   (a value of 2 is recommended). Using this option along with -l is
   useful to log the early startup process (before reading any
   configuration and hence $debug_level and $debug_file)
   -E Edit draft (-H) or include (-i) file during message composition
   -e command Specify a command to be run after reading the config files
   -F config Specify an alternative initialization file to read, see
   section Location of Initialization Files for a list of regular
   configuration files
   -f mailbox Specify a mailbox (as defined with mailboxes command) to
   load
   -G Start NeoMutt with a listing of subscribed newsgroups
   -g server Like -G, but start at specified news server
   -H draft Specify a draft file with header and body for message
   composing
   -h Print this help message and exit
   -i include Specify an include file to be embedded in the body of a
   message
   -l file Specify a file for debugging output (default
   "~/.neomuttdebug0"). This overrules $debug_file setting and NeoMutt
   keeps up to five debug logs ({ file | $debug_file | ~/.neomuttdebug
   }[0-4]) before override the oldest file
   -m type Specify a default mailbox format type for newly created
   folders. The type is either MH, MMDF, Maildir or mbox
   (case-insensitive)
   -n Do not read the system-wide configuration file
   -p Resume a prior postponed message, if any
   -Q variable Query a configuration variable and print its value to
   stdout (after the config has been read and any commands executed).
   Adding -O will display one-liner documentation.
   -R Open mailbox in read-only mode
   -s subject Specify a subject (must be enclosed in quotes if it has
   spaces)
   -v Print the NeoMutt version and compile-time definitions and exit
   -vv Print the NeoMutt license and copyright information and exit
   -y Start NeoMutt with a listing of all defined mailboxes
   -Z Open the first mailbox with new message or exit immediately with
   exit code 1 if none is found in all defined mailboxes
   -z Open the first or specified (-f) mailbox if it holds any message or
   exit immediately with exit code 1 otherwise

   To read messages in a mailbox or exit immediately

   neomutt [ -nz ] [ -F config ] [ -m type ] [ -f mailbox ]

   To compose a new message

   neomutt [ -Enx ] [ -F config ] [ -b address ] [ -c address ] [ -H draft
   ] [ -i include ] [ -s subject ] [ -a file [...] -- ] { address |
   mailto_url ...}

   NeoMutt also supports a "batch" mode to send prepared messages. Simply
   redirect input from the file you wish to send. For example,
neomutt -s "data set for run #2" professor@bigschool.edu < ~/run2.dat

   will send a message to <professor@bigschool.edu> with a subject of
   "data set for run #2". In the body of the message will be the contents
   of the file "~/run2.dat".

   An include file passed with -i will be used as the body of the message.
   When combined with -E, the include file will be directly edited during
   message composition. The file will be modified regardless of whether
   the message is sent or aborted.

   A draft file passed with -H will be used as the initial header and body
   for the message. Multipart messages can be used as a draft file, and
   are processed the same in interactive and batch mode; they are not
   passed through untouched. For example, encrypted draft files will be
   decrypted. When combined with -E, the draft file will be updated to the
   final state of the message after composition, regardless of whether the
   message is sent, aborted, or even postponed. Note that if the message
   is sent encrypted or signed, the draft file will be saved that way too.

   All files passed with -a file will be attached as a MIME part to the
   message. To attach a single or several files, use -- to separate files
   and recipient addresses:
neomutt -a image.png -- some@one.org

   or
neomutt -a *.png -- some@one.org

Note

   The -a option must be last in the option list.

   In addition to accepting a list of email addresses, NeoMutt also
   accepts a URL with the mailto: schema as specified in RFC2368. This is
   useful when configuring a web browser to launch NeoMutt when clicking
   on mailto links.
neomutt mailto:some@one.org?subject=test&cc=other@one.org

2. Configuration Commands

   The following are the commands understood by NeoMutt:
     * account-hook regex command
     * alias [ -group name ...] key address [ , address ...]
       unalias [ -group name ...] { * | key ... }
     * alternates [ -group name ...] regex [ regex ...]
       unalternates [ -group name ...] { * | regex ... }
     * alternative_order mime-type [ /mime-subtype ] [ mime-type [
       /mime-subtype ] ...]
       unalternative_order { * | [ mime-type [ /mime-subtype ] ...]}
     * attachments { + | - } disposition mime-type [ mime-type ...]
       unattachments { + | - } disposition mime-type [ mime-type ...]
       attachments ?
       unattachments *
     * auto_view mime-type [ /mime-subtype ] [ mime-type [ /mime-subtype ]
       ...]
       unauto_view { * | [ mime-type [ /mime-subtype ] ...]}
     * bind map [ ,map ...] key function
       unbind { * | map [ ,map ...] } [ key ]
     * cd directory
     * charset-hook alias charset
       iconv-hook charset local-charset
     * color object [ attribute ...] foreground background
       color { header | body } [ attribute ...] foreground background
       regex
       color index [ attribute ...] foreground background [ pattern ]
       uncolor { index | header | body } { * | pattern ... }
     * crypt-hook regex keyid
     * exec function [ function ...]
     * fcc-save-hook pattern mailbox
       fcc-hook pattern mailbox
       save-hook pattern mailbox
     * folder-hook regex command
     * group [ -group name ...] { -rx regex ... | -addr address ... }
       ungroup [ -group name ...] { * | -rx regex ... | -addr address ...
       }
     * hdr_order header [ header ...]
       unhdr_order { * | header ... }
     * ifdef symbol "config-command [args...]"
       ifndef symbol "config-command [args...]"
       finish
     * ignore string [ string ...]
       unignore { * | string ... }
     * index-format-hook name [!]pattern format-string
     * lists [ -group name ...] regex [ regex ...]
       unlists [ -group name ...] { * | regex ... }
       subscribe [ -group name ...] regex [ regex ...]
       unsubscribe [ -group name ...] { * | regex ... }
     * macro menu [ ,menu ...] key sequence [ description ]
       unmacro { * | map [ ,map ...] } [ key ]
     * mailboxes mailbox [ mailbox ...]
       named-mailboxes description mailbox [ description mailbox ...]
       unmailboxes { * | mailbox ... }
     * mailto_allow { * | header-field ... }
       unmailto_allow { * | header-field ... }
     * mbox-hook [ -noregex ] regex mailbox
     * message-hook pattern command
     * mime_lookup mime-type [ /mime-subtype ] [ mime-type [ /mime-subtype
       ] ...]
       unmime_lookup { * | [ mime-type [ /mime-subtype ] ...]}
     * mono object attribute
       mono { header | body } attribute regex
       mono index-object attribute pattern
       unmono { index-object | header | body } { * | pattern ... }
     * my_hdr string
       unmy_hdr { * | field ... }
     * open-hook regex "shell-command"
       close-hook regex "shell-command"
       append-hook regex "shell-command"
     * push string
     * reply-hook pattern command
       send-hook pattern command
       send2-hook pattern command
     * score pattern value
       unscore { * | pattern ... }
     * set { [ no | inv | & | ? ] variable | variable=value } [...]
       unset variable [ variable ...]
       reset variable [ variable ...]
       toggle variable [ variable ...]
     * setenv { ?variable | variable value }
       unsetenv variable
     * sidebar_pin mailbox [ mailbox ...]
       sidebar_unpin { * | mailbox ... }
     * source filename
     * spam regex format
       nospam { * | regex }
     * subjectrx regex replacement
       unsubjectrx { * | regex }
     * subscribe-to imap-folder-uri
       unsubscribe-from imap-folder-uri
     * timeout-hook command
       startup-hook command
       shutdown-hook command
     * unhook { * | hook-type }

3. Configuration Variables

3.1. abort_backspace

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, hitting backspace against an empty prompt aborts the prompt.

3.2. abort_key

   Type: string
   Default: "007"

   Specifies the key that can be used to abort prompts. The format is the
   same as used in "bind" commands. The default is equivalent to "Ctrl-G".
   Note that the specified key should not be used in other bindings, as
   the abort operation has higher precedence and the binding will not have
   the desired effect.

   Example:
set abort_key = "<Esc>"

   Please note that when using <Esc> as the abort key, you may also want
   to set the environment variable ESCDELAY to a low value or even 0 which
   will reduce the time that ncurses waits to distinguish singular <Esc>
   key presses from the start of a terminal escape sequence. The default
   time is 1000 milliseconds and thus quite noticeable.

3.3. abort_noattach

   Type: quadoption
   Default: no

   If set to yes, when composing messages containing the regular
   expression specified by $abort_noattach_regex and no attachments are
   given, composition will be aborted. If set to no, composing messages as
   such will never be aborted.

   Example:
set abort_noattach_regex = "\\<attach(|ed|ments?)\\>"

3.4. abort_noattach_regex

   Type: regular expression
   Default: "\<(attach|attached|attachments?)\>"

   Specifies a regular expression to match against the body of the
   message, to determine if an attachment was mentioned but mistakenly
   forgotten. If it matches, $abort_noattach will be consulted to
   determine if message sending will be aborted.

   Like other regular expressions in NeoMutt, the search is case sensitive
   if the pattern contains at least one upper case letter, and case
   insensitive otherwise.

3.5. abort_nosubject

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   If set to yes, when composing messages and no subject is given at the
   subject prompt, composition will be aborted. If set to no, composing
   messages with no subject given at the subject prompt will never be
   aborted.

3.6. abort_unmodified

   Type: quadoption
   Default: yes

   If set to yes, composition will automatically abort after editing the
   message body if no changes are made to the file (this check only
   happens after the first edit of the file). When set to no, composition
   will never be aborted.

3.7. account_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   If set, this command is used to retrieve account credentials. The
   command is invoked passing a number of --key value arguments with the
   specifics of the account to lookup. The command writes to standard
   output a number of key: value lines. Currently supported arguments are
   --hostname, --username, and --type, where type can be any of imap,
   imaps, pop, pops, smtp, smtps, nntp, and nntps. Currently supported
   output lines are login, username, and password.

3.8. alias_file

   Type: path
   Default: "~/.neomuttrc"

   The default file in which to save aliases created by the <create-alias>
   function. Entries added to this file are encoded in the character set
   specified by $config_charset if it is set or the current character set
   otherwise.

   Note: NeoMutt will not automatically source this file; you must
   explicitly use the "source" command for it to be executed in case this
   option points to a dedicated alias file.

   The default for this option is the currently used neomuttrc file, or
   "~/.neomuttrc" if no user neomuttrc was found.

3.9. alias_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%3i %f%t %-15a %-56A | %C%> %Y"

   Specifies the format of the data displayed for the "alias" menu. The
   following printf(3)-style sequences are available:
   %a  Alias name
   %A  Full Address (Name and Email)
   %C  Comment
   %E  Email Address
   %f  Flags - currently, a "d" for an alias marked for deletion
   %i  Index number
   %N  Real name
   %t  Alias is tagged (selected)
   %Y  User-defined tags (labels)
   %>X right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X"
   %|X pad to the end of the line with character "X"
   %*X soft-fill with character "X" as pad

   For an explanation of "soft-fill", see the $index_format documentation.

   The following sequences are deprecated; they will be removed in the
   future.
   %c Use %C instead
   %n Use %i instead
   %r Use %A instead

3.10. alias_sort

   Type: sort order
   Default: alias

   Specifies how the entries in the "alias" and "query" menus are sorted.
   Value    Sort by
   alias    Alias short name
   email    Email Address
   name     Real Name
   unsorted The order the Aliases were configured

   Deprecated Value Use this instead
   address          email

   Prefixing the value with reverse- sorts the entries in reverse order,
   e.g. set alias_sort = "reverse-alias"

   Note: This also affects the entries of the address query menu, thus
   potentially overruling the order of entries as generated by
   $query_command.

3.11. allow_8bit

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Controls whether 8-bit data is converted to 7-bit using either Quoted-
   Printable or Base64 encoding when sending mail.

3.12. allow_ansi

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Controls whether ANSI color codes in messages (and color tags in rich
   text messages) are to be interpreted. Messages containing these codes
   are rare, but if this option is set, their text will be colored
   accordingly. Note that this may override your color choices, and even
   present a security problem, since a message could include a line like
[-- PGP output follows ...

   and give it the same color as your attachment color (see also
   $crypt_timestamp).

3.13. arrow_cursor

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, an arrow ("->") will be used to indicate the current entry in
   menus instead of highlighting the whole line. On slow network or modem
   links this will make response faster because there is less that has to
   be redrawn on the screen when moving to the next or previous entries in
   the menu.

3.14. arrow_string

   Type: string
   Default: "->"

   Specifies the string of arrow_cursor when arrow_cursor enabled.

3.15. ascii_chars

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, NeoMutt will use plain ASCII characters when displaying thread
   and attachment trees, instead of the default ACS characters.

3.16. ask_bcc

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, NeoMutt will prompt you for blind-carbon-copy (Bcc) recipients
   before editing an outgoing message.

3.17. ask_cc

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, NeoMutt will prompt you for carbon-copy (Cc) recipients before
   editing the body of an outgoing message.

3.18. ask_followup_to

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, NeoMutt will prompt you for follow-up groups before editing the
   body of an outgoing message.

3.19. ask_x_comment_to

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, NeoMutt will prompt you for x-comment-to field before editing
   the body of an outgoing message.

3.20. assumed_charset

   Type: string list
   Default: (empty)

   This variable is a colon-separated list of character encoding schemes
   for messages without character encoding indication. Header field values
   and message body content without character encoding indication would be
   assumed that they are written in one of this list. By default, all the
   header fields and message body without any charset indication are
   assumed to be in "us-ascii".

   For example, Japanese users might prefer this:
set assumed_charset="iso-2022-jp:euc-jp:shift_jis:utf-8"

   However, only the first content is valid for the message body.

3.21. attach_charset

   Type: string list
   Default: (empty)

   This variable is a colon-separated list of character encoding schemes
   for text file attachments. NeoMutt uses this setting to guess which
   encoding files being attached are encoded in to convert them to a
   proper character set given in $send_charset.

   If unset, the value of $charset will be used instead. For example, the
   following configuration would work for Japanese text handling:
set attach_charset="iso-2022-jp:euc-jp:shift_jis:utf-8"

   Note: for Japanese users, "iso-2022-*" must be put at the head of the
   value as shown above if included.

3.22. attach_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%u%D%I %t%4n %T%d %> [%.7m/%.10M, %.6e%<C?, %C>, %s] "

   This variable describes the format of the "attachment" menu. The
   following printf(3)-style sequences are understood:
   %C Charset
   %c Requires charset conversion ("n" or "c")
   %D Deleted flag
   %d Description (if none, falls back to %F)
   %e MIME content-transfer-encoding
   %f Filename
   %F Filename in content-disposition header (if none, falls back to %f)
   %I Disposition ("I" for inline, "A" for attachment)
   %m Major MIME type
   %M MIME subtype
   %n Attachment number
   %Q "Q", if MIME part qualifies for attachment counting
   %s Size (see formatstrings-size)
   %T Graphic tree characters
   %t Tagged flag
   %u Unlink (=to delete) flag
   %X Number of qualifying MIME parts in this part and its children
   (please see the "attachments" section for possible speed effects)
   %>X Right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X"
   %|X Pad to the end of the line with character "X"
   %*X Soft-fill with character "X" as pad

   For an explanation of "soft-fill", see the $index_format documentation.

3.23. attach_save_dir

   Type: path
   Default: "./"

   The directory where attachments are saved.

3.24. attach_save_without_prompting

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   This variable, when set to true, will cause attachments to be saved to
   the 'attach_save_dir' location without prompting the user for the
   filename.

3.25. attach_sep

   Type: string
   Default: "\n"

   The separator to add between attachments when operating (saving,
   printing, piping, etc) on a list of tagged attachments.

3.26. attach_split

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If this variable is unset, when operating (saving, printing, piping,
   etc) on a list of tagged attachments, NeoMutt will concatenate the
   attachments and will operate on them as a single attachment. The
   $attach_sep separator is added after each attachment. When set, NeoMutt
   will operate on the attachments one by one.

3.27. attribution_intro

   Type: string
   Default: "On %d, %n wrote:"

   This is the string that will precede a replied-to message which is
   quoted in the main body of the reply (this is the case when $include is
   set).

   For a full listing of defined printf(3)-like sequences see the section
   on $index_format. See also $attribution_locale.

3.28. attribution_locale

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   The locale used by strftime(3) to format dates in the attribution
   strings. Valid values are the strings your system accepts for the
   locale environment variable $LC_TIME.

   This variable is to allow the attribution date format to be customized
   by recipient or folder using hooks. By default, NeoMutt will use your
   locale environment, so there is no need to set this except to override
   that default.

   Affected variables are: $attribution_intro, $attribution_trailer,
   $forward_attribution_intro, $forward_attribution_trailer,
   $indent_string.

3.29. attribution_trailer

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Similar to the $attribution_intro variable, this is the string that
   will come after a replied-to message which is quoted in the main body
   of the reply (this is the case when $include is set).

   For a full listing of defined printf(3)-like sequences see the section
   on $index_format. See also $attribution_locale.

3.30. auto_edit

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set along with $edit_headers, NeoMutt will skip the initial
   send-menu (prompting for subject and recipients) and allow you to
   immediately begin editing the body of your message. The send-menu may
   still be accessed once you have finished editing the body of your
   message.

   Note: when this option is set, you can't use send-hooks that depend on
   the recipients when composing a new (non-reply) message, as the initial
   list of recipients is empty.

   Also see $fast_reply.

3.31. auto_subscribe

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt assumes the presence of a List-Post header means the
   recipient is subscribed to the list. Unless the mailing list is in the
   "unsubscribe" or "unlist" lists, it will be added to the "subscribe"
   list. Parsing and checking these things slows header reading down, so
   this option is disabled by default.

3.32. auto_tag

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, functions in the index menu which affect a message will be
   applied to all tagged messages (if there are any). When unset, you must
   first use the <tag-prefix> function (bound to ";" by default) to make
   the next function apply to all tagged messages.

3.33. beep

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When this variable is set, NeoMutt will beep when an error occurs.

3.34. beep_new

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When this variable is set, NeoMutt will beep whenever it prints a
   message notifying you of new mail. This is independent of the setting
   of the $beep variable.

3.35. bounce

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   Controls whether you will be asked to confirm bouncing messages. If set
   to yes you don't get asked if you want to bounce a message. Setting
   this variable to no is not generally useful, and thus not recommended,
   because you are unable to bounce messages.

3.36. bounce_delivered

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When this variable is set, NeoMutt will include Delivered-To headers
   when bouncing messages. Postfix users may wish to unset this variable.

3.37. braille_friendly

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When this variable is set, NeoMutt will place the cursor at the
   beginning of the current line in menus, even when the $arrow_cursor
   variable is unset, making it easier for blind persons using Braille
   displays to follow these menus. The option is unset by default because
   many visual terminals don't permit making the cursor invisible.

3.38. browser_abbreviate_mailboxes

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When this variable is set, NeoMutt will abbreviate mailbox names in the
   browser mailbox list, using '~' and '=' shortcuts.

   The default "alpha" setting of $browser_sort uses locale-based sorting
   (using strcoll(3)), which ignores some punctuation. This can lead to
   some situations where the order doesn't make intuitive sense. In those
   cases, it may be desirable to unset this variable.

3.39. browser_sort

   Type: sort order
   Default: alpha

   Specifies how to sort entries in the file browser.
   Value    Sort by
   alpha    Name
   count    Total message count
   date     Date
   desc     Description
   size     Count of new messages
   new      Size
   unsorted Unsorted

   Deprecated Value Use this instead
   unread           new

   Prefixing the value with reverse- sorts the entries in reverse order,
   e.g. set browser_sort = "reverse-date"

3.40. browser_sort_dirs_first

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If this variable is set, the browser will group directories before
   files.

3.41. catchup_newsgroup

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   If this variable is set, NeoMutt will mark all articles in newsgroup as
   read when you quit the newsgroup (catchup newsgroup).

3.42. certificate_file

   Type: path
   Default: "~/.mutt_certificates"

   This variable specifies the file where the certificates you trust are
   saved. When an unknown certificate is encountered, you are asked if you
   accept it or not. If you accept it, the certificate can also be saved
   in this file and further connections are automatically accepted.

   You can also manually add CA certificates in this file. Any server
   certificate that is signed with one of these CA certificates is also
   automatically accepted.

   Example:
set certificate_file=~/.neomutt/certificates

   (OpenSSL and GnuTLS only)

3.43. change_folder_next

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When this variable is set, the <change-folder> function mailbox
   suggestion will start at the next folder in your "mailboxes" list,
   instead of starting at the first folder in the list.

3.44. charset

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Character set your terminal uses to display and enter textual data. It
   is also the fallback for $send_charset.

   Upon startup NeoMutt tries to derive this value from environment
   variables such as $LC_CTYPE or $LANG.

   Note: It should only be set in case NeoMutt isn't able to determine the
   character set used correctly.

3.45. check_mbox_size

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When this variable is set, NeoMutt will use file size attribute instead
   of access time when checking for new mail in mbox and mmdf folders.

   This variable is unset by default and should only be enabled when new
   mail detection for these folder types is unreliable or doesn't work.

   Note that enabling this variable should happen before any "mailboxes"
   directives occur in configuration files regarding mbox or mmdf folders
   because NeoMutt needs to determine the initial new mail status of such
   a mailbox by performing a fast mailbox scan when it is defined.
   Afterwards the new mail status is tracked by file size changes.

3.46. check_new

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Note: this option only affects maildir and MH style mailboxes.

   When set, NeoMutt will check for new mail delivered while the mailbox
   is open. Especially with MH mailboxes, this operation can take quite
   some time since it involves scanning the directory and checking each
   file to see if it has already been looked at. If this variable is
   unset, no check for new mail is performed while the mailbox is open.

3.47. collapse_all

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will collapse all threads when entering a folder.

3.48. collapse_flagged

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When unset, NeoMutt will not collapse a thread if it contains any
   flagged messages.

3.49. collapse_unread

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When unset, NeoMutt will not collapse a thread if it contains any
   unread messages.

3.50. color_directcolor

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will use and allow 24-bit colours (aka truecolor aka
   directcolor). For colours to work properly support from the terminal is
   required as well as a properly set TERM environment variable
   advertising the terminals directcolor capability, e.g.
   "TERM=xterm-direct".

   NeoMutt tries to detect whether the terminal supports 24-bit colours
   and enables this variable if it does. If this fails for some reason,
   you can force 24-bit colours by setting this variable manually. You may
   also try to force a certain TERM environment variable by starting
   NeoMutt from a terminal as follows (this results in wrong colours if
   the terminal does not implement directcolors):
TERM=xterm-direct neomutt

   Note: This variable must be set before using any `color` commands.

3.51. compose_confirm_detach_first

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will prompt for confirmation when trying to use
   <detach-file> on the first entry in the compose menu. This is to help
   prevent irreversible loss of the typed message by accidentally hitting
   'D' in the menu.

   Note: NeoMutt only prompts for the first entry. It doesn't keep track
   of which message is the typed message if the entries are reordered, or
   if the first entry was already deleted.

3.52. compose_format

   Type: string
   Default: "-- NeoMutt: Compose  [Approx. msg size: %l   Atts: %a]%>-"

   Controls the format of the status line displayed in the "compose" menu.
   This string is similar to $status_format, but has its own set of
   printf(3)-like sequences:
   %a Total number of attachments
   %h Local hostname
   %l Approximate size (in bytes) of the current message (see
   formatstrings-size)
   %v NeoMutt version string
   %>X right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X"
   %|X pad to the end of the line with character "X"
   %*X soft-fill with character "X" as pad

   See the text describing the $status_format option for more information
   on how to set $compose_format.

3.53. compose_preview_min_rows

   Type: number
   Default: 5

   This variable specifies the minimum number of rows that have to be
   available for the message preview window to shown.

3.54. compose_preview_above_attachments

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Show the message preview above the attachments list. By default it is
   shown below it.

3.55. compose_show_preview

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will display a preview of message in the compose
   view.

3.56. compose_show_user_headers

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will display user-defined headers (set via my_hdr or
   from editing with edit-headers).

3.57. config_charset

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   When defined, NeoMutt will recode commands in rc files from this
   encoding to the current character set as specified by $charset and
   aliases written to $alias_file from the current character set.

   Please note that if setting $charset it must be done before setting
   $config_charset.

   Recoding should be avoided as it may render unconvertible characters as
   question marks which can lead to undesired side effects (for example in
   regular expressions).

3.58. confirm_append

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will prompt for confirmation when appending messages
   to an existing mailbox.

3.59. confirm_create

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will prompt for confirmation when saving messages to
   a mailbox which does not yet exist before creating it.

3.60. confirm_empty_to

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will prompt for confirmation when sending an e-mail
   with an empty To recipients list.

3.61. content_type

   Type: string
   Default: "text/plain"

   Sets the default Content-Type for the body of newly composed messages.

3.62. copy

   Type: quadoption
   Default: yes

   This variable controls whether or not copies of your outgoing messages
   will be saved for later references. Also see $record, $save_name,
   $force_name and "fcc-hook".

3.63. copy_decode_weed

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Controls whether NeoMutt will weed headers when invoking the
   <decode-copy> or <decode-save> functions.

3.64. count_alternatives

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will recurse inside multipart/alternatives while
   performing attachment searching and counting(see attachments).

   Traditionally, multipart/alternative parts have simply represented
   different encodings of the main content of the email. Unfortunately,
   some mail clients have started to place email attachments inside one of
   alternatives. Setting this will allow NeoMutt to find and count
   matching attachments hidden there, and include them in the index via %X
   or through ~X pattern matching.

3.65. crypt_auto_encrypt

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Setting this variable will cause NeoMutt to always attempt to PGP
   encrypt outgoing messages. This is probably only useful in connection
   to the "send-hook" command. It can be overridden by use of the pgp
   menu, when encryption is not required or signing is requested as well.
   If $smime_is_default is set, then OpenSSL is used instead to create
   S/MIME messages and settings can be overridden by use of the smime menu
   instead. (Crypto only)

3.66. crypt_auto_pgp

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   This variable controls whether or not NeoMutt may automatically enable
   PGP encryption/signing for messages. See also $crypt_auto_encrypt,
   $crypt_reply_encrypt, $crypt_auto_sign, $crypt_reply_sign and
   $smime_is_default.

3.67. crypt_auto_sign

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Setting this variable will cause NeoMutt to always attempt to
   cryptographically sign outgoing messages. This can be overridden by use
   of the pgp menu, when signing is not required or encryption is
   requested as well. If $smime_is_default is set, then OpenSSL is used
   instead to create S/MIME messages and settings can be overridden by use
   of the smime menu instead of the pgp menu. (Crypto only)

3.68. crypt_auto_smime

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   This variable controls whether or not NeoMutt may automatically enable
   S/MIME encryption/signing for messages. See also $crypt_auto_encrypt,
   $crypt_reply_encrypt, $crypt_auto_sign, $crypt_reply_sign and
   $smime_is_default.

3.69. crypt_chars

   Type: character string
   Default: "SPsK "

   Controls the characters used in cryptography flags.
   Character Default Description
   1 S The mail is signed, and the signature is successfully verified.
   2 P The mail is PGP encrypted.
   3 s The mail is signed.
   4 K The mail contains a PGP public key.
   5 <space> The mail has no crypto info.

3.70. crypt_confirm_hook

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, then you will be prompted for confirmation of keys when using
   the crypt-hook command. If unset, no such confirmation prompt will be
   presented. This is generally considered unsafe, especially where typos
   are concerned.

3.71. crypt_opportunistic_encrypt

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Setting this variable will cause NeoMutt to automatically enable and
   disable encryption, based on whether all message recipient keys can be
   located by NeoMutt.

   When this option is enabled, NeoMutt will enable/disable encryption
   each time the TO, CC, and BCC lists are edited. If $edit_headers is
   set, NeoMutt will also do so each time the message is edited.

   While this is set, encryption can't be manually enabled/disabled. The
   pgp or smime menus provide a selection to temporarily disable this
   option for the current message.

   If $crypt_auto_encrypt or $crypt_reply_encrypt enable encryption for a
   message, this option will be disabled for that message. It can be
   manually re-enabled in the pgp or smime menus. (Crypto only)

3.72. crypt_opportunistic_encrypt_strong_keys

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, this modifies the behavior of $crypt_opportunistic_encrypt to
   only search for "strong keys", that is, keys with full validity
   according to the web-of-trust algorithm. A key with marginal or no
   validity will not enable opportunistic encryption.

   For S/MIME, the behavior depends on the backend. Classic S/MIME will
   filter for certificates with the 't'(trusted) flag in the .index file.
   The GPGME backend will use the same filters as with OpenPGP, and
   depends on GPGME's logic for assigning the GPGME_VALIDITY_FULL and
   GPGME_VALIDITY_ULTIMATE validity flag.

3.73. crypt_protected_headers_read

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will display protected headers ("Memory Hole") in the
   pager, When set, NeoMutt will display protected headers in the pager,
   and will update the index and header cache with revised headers.

   Protected headers are stored inside the encrypted or signed part of an
   email, to prevent disclosure or tampering. For more information see
   https://github.com/autocrypt/protected-headers Currently NeoMutt only
   supports the Subject header.

   Encrypted messages using protected headers often substitute the exposed
   Subject header with a dummy value (see
   $crypt_protected_headers_subject). NeoMutt will update its concept of
   the correct subject after the message is opened, i.e. via the
   <display-message> function. If you reply to a message before opening
   it, NeoMutt will end up using the dummy Subject header, so be sure to
   open such a message first. (Crypto only)

3.74. crypt_protected_headers_save

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When $crypt_protected_headers_read is set, and a message with a
   protected Subject is opened, NeoMutt will save the updated Subject into
   the header cache by default. This allows searching/limiting based on
   the protected Subject header if the mailbox is re-opened, without
   having to re-open the message each time. However, for mbox/mh mailbox
   types, or if header caching is not set up, you would need to re-open
   the message each time the mailbox was reopened before you could see or
   search/limit on the protected subject again.

   When this variable is set, NeoMutt additionally saves the protected
   Subject back in the clear-text message headers. This provides better
   usability, but with the tradeoff of reduced security. The protected
   Subject header, which may have previously been encrypted, is now stored
   in clear-text in the message headers. Copying the message elsewhere,
   via NeoMutt or external tools, could expose this previously encrypted
   data. Please make sure you understand the consequences of this before
   you enable this variable. (Crypto only)

3.75. crypt_protected_headers_subject

   Type: string
   Default: "..."

   When $crypt_protected_headers_write is set, and the message is marked
   for encryption, this will be substituted into the Subject field in the
   message headers.

   To prevent a subject from being substituted, unset this variable, or
   set it to the empty string. (Crypto only)

3.76. crypt_protected_headers_weed

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Controls whether NeoMutt will weed protected header fields. (Crypto
   only)

3.77. crypt_protected_headers_write

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will generate protected headers for signed and
   encrypted emails.

   Protected headers are stored inside the encrypted or signed part of an
   email, to prevent disclosure or tampering. For more information see
   https://github.com/autocrypt/protected-headers

   Currently NeoMutt only supports the Subject header. (Crypto only)

3.78. crypt_reply_encrypt

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, automatically PGP or OpenSSL encrypt replies to messages which
   are encrypted. (Crypto only)

3.79. crypt_reply_sign

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, automatically PGP or OpenSSL sign replies to messages which are
   signed.

   Note: this does not work on messages that are encrypted and signed!
   (Crypto only)

3.80. crypt_reply_sign_encrypted

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, automatically PGP or OpenSSL sign replies to messages which are
   encrypted. This makes sense in combination with $crypt_reply_encrypt,
   because it allows you to sign all messages which are automatically
   encrypted. This works around the problem noted in $crypt_reply_sign,
   that NeoMutt is not able to find out whether an encrypted message is
   also signed. (Crypto only)

3.81. crypt_encryption_info

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, NeoMutt will include an informative block before an encrypted
   part, with details about the encryption. (Crypto only)

3.82. crypt_timestamp

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, NeoMutt will include a time stamp in the lines surrounding PGP
   or S/MIME output, so spoofing such lines is more difficult. If you are
   using colors to mark these lines, and rely on these, you may unset this
   setting. (Crypto only)

3.83. crypt_verify_sig

   Type: quadoption
   Default: yes

   If "yes", always attempt to verify PGP or S/MIME signatures. If
   "ask-*", ask whether or not to verify the signature. If "no", never
   attempt to verify cryptographic signatures. (Crypto only)

3.84. date_format

   Type: string
   Default: "!%a, %b %d, %Y at %I:%M:%S%p %Z"

   Instead of using $date_format it is encouraged to use "%[fmt]" directly
   in the corresponding format strings, where "fmt" is the value of
   $date_format. This allows for a more fine grained control of the
   different menu needs.

   This variable controls the format of the date printed by the "%d"
   sequence in $index_format. This is passed to the strftime(3) function
   to process the date, see the man page for the proper syntax.

   Unless the first character in the string is a bang ("!"), the month and
   week day names are expanded according to the locale. If the first
   character in the string is a bang, the bang is discarded, and the month
   and week day names in the rest of the string are expanded in the C
   locale (that is in US English).

   Format strings using this variable are:

   UI: $folder_format, $index_format, $mailbox_folder_format,
   $message_format

   Composing: $attribution_intro, $forward_attribution_intro,
   $forward_attribution_trailer, $forward_format, $indent_string.

3.85. debug_file

   Type: path
   Default: "~/.neomuttdebug"

   Debug logging is controlled by the variables $debug_file and
   $debug_level. $debug_file specifies the root of the filename. NeoMutt
   will add "0" to the end. Each time NeoMutt is run with logging enabled,
   the log files are rotated. A maximum of five log files are kept,
   numbered 0 (most recent) to 4 (oldest).

   This option can be enabled on the command line, "neomutt -l mylog"

   See also: $debug_level

3.86. debug_level

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   Debug logging is controlled by the variables $debug_file and
   $debug_level.

   The debug level controls how much information is saved to the log file.
   If you have a problem with NeoMutt, then enabling logging may help find
   the cause. Levels 1-3 will usually provide enough information for
   writing a bug report. Levels 4,5 will be extremely verbose.

   Warning: Logging at high levels may save private information to the
   file.

   This option can be enabled on the command line, "neomutt -d 2"

   See also: $debug_file

3.87. default_hook

   Type: string
   Default: "~f %s !~P | (~P ~C %s)"

   This variable controls how some hooks are interpreted if their pattern
   is a plain string or a regex. i.e. they don't contain a pattern, like
   ~f

   The hooks are: fcc-hook, fcc-save-hook, index-format-hook,
   message-hook, reply-hook, save-hook, send-hook and send2-hook.

   The hooks are expanded when they are declared, so a hook will be
   interpreted according to the value of this variable at the time the
   hook is declared.

   The default value matches if the message is either from a user matching
   the regular expression given, or if it is from you (if the from address
   matches "alternates") and is to or cc'ed to a user matching the given
   regular expression.

3.88. delete

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   Controls whether or not messages are really deleted when closing or
   synchronizing a mailbox. If set to yes, messages marked for deleting
   will automatically be purged without prompting. If set to no, messages
   marked for deletion will be kept in the mailbox.

3.89. delete_untag

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If this option is set, NeoMutt will untag messages when marking them
   for deletion. This applies when you either explicitly delete a message,
   or when you save it to another folder.

3.90. devel_security

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If this option is set, NeoMutt will enable the Security development
   features. See: https://github.com/neomutt/neomutt/discussions/4251

3.91. digest_collapse

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If this option is set, NeoMutt's received-attachments menu will not
   show the subparts of individual messages in a multipart/digest. To see
   these subparts, press "v" on that menu.

3.92. display_filter

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   When set, specifies a command used to filter messages. When a message
   is viewed it is passed as standard input to $display_filter, and the
   filtered message is read from the standard output.

   When preparing the message, NeoMutt inserts some escape sequences into
   the text. They are of the form: <esc>]9;XXX<bel> where "XXX" is a
   random 64-bit number.

   If these escape sequences interfere with your filter, they can be
   removed using a tool like ansifilter or sed 's/^\x1b]9;[0-9]\+\x7//'

   If they are removed, then PGP and MIME headers will no longer be
   coloured. This can be fixed by adding this to your config: color body
   magenta default '^\[-- .* --\]$'.

3.93. dsn_notify

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   This variable sets the request for when notification is returned. The
   string consists of a comma separated list (no spaces!) of one or more
   of the following: never, to never request notification, failure, to
   request notification on transmission failure, delay, to be notified of
   message delays, success, to be notified of successful transmission.

   Example:
set dsn_notify="failure,delay"

   Note: when using $sendmail for delivery, you should not enable this
   unless you are either using Sendmail 8.8.x or greater or a MTA
   providing a sendmail(1)-compatible interface supporting the -N option
   for DSN. For SMTP delivery, DSN support is auto-detected so that it
   depends on the server whether DSN will be used or not.

3.94. dsn_return

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   This variable controls how much of your message is returned in DSN
   messages. It may be set to either hdrs to return just the message
   header, or full to return the full message.

   Example:
set dsn_return=hdrs

   Note: when using $sendmail for delivery, you should not enable this
   unless you are either using Sendmail 8.8.x or greater or a MTA
   providing a sendmail(1)-compatible interface supporting the -R option
   for DSN. For SMTP delivery, DSN support is auto-detected so that it
   depends on the server whether DSN will be used or not.

3.95. duplicate_threads

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   This variable controls whether NeoMutt, when $sort is set to threads,
   threads messages with the same Message-Id together. If it is set, it
   will indicate that it thinks they are duplicates of each other with an
   equals sign in the thread tree.

3.96. edit_headers

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   This option allows you to edit the header of your outgoing messages
   along with the body of your message.

   Although the compose menu may have localized header labels, the labels
   passed to your editor will be standard RFC2822 headers, (e.g. To:, Cc:,
   Subject:). Headers added in your editor must also be RFC2822 headers,
   or one of the pseudo headers listed in "edit-header". NeoMutt will not
   understand localized header labels, just as it would not when parsing
   an actual email.

   Note that changes made to the References: and Date: headers are ignored
   for interoperability reasons.

3.97. editor

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This variable specifies which editor is used by NeoMutt. It defaults to
   the value of the $VISUAL, or $EDITOR, environment variable, or to the
   string "vi" if neither of those are set.

   The $editor string may contain a %s escape, which will be replaced by
   the name of the file to be edited. If the %s escape does not appear in
   $editor, a space and the name to be edited are appended.

   The resulting string is then executed by running
sh -c 'string'

   where string is the expansion of $editor described above.

3.98. empty_subject

   Type: string
   Default: "Re: your mail"

   This variable specifies the subject to be used when replying to an
   email with an empty subject. It defaults to "Re: your mail".

3.99. encode_from

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will quoted-printable encode messages when they
   contain the string "From " (note the trailing space) in the beginning
   of a line. This is useful to avoid the tampering certain mail delivery
   and transport agents tend to do with messages (in order to prevent
   tools from misinterpreting the line as a mbox message separator).

3.100. entropy_file

   Type: path
   Default: (empty)

   The file which includes random data that is used to initialize SSL
   library functions. (OpenSSL only)

3.101. envelope_from_address

   Type: e-mail address
   Default: (empty)

   Manually sets the envelope sender for outgoing messages. This value is
   ignored if $use_envelope_from is unset.

3.102. external_search_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   If set, contains the name of the external program used by "~I"
   patterns. This will usually be a wrapper script around mairix, mu, or
   similar indexers other than notmuch (for which there is optional
   special support).

   Here is an example how it works. Let's assume $external_search_command
   is set to "mairix_filter", and mairix_filter is a script which runs the
   old but well loved mairix indexer with the arguments given to
   mairix_filter, in the "raw" mode of mairix, producing on the standard
   output a list of Message-IDs, one per line.

   If possible, it also filters down the results coming from mairix such
   that only messages in the current folder remain. It can do this because
   it gets a hidden first argument which is the path to the folder. (This
   can be the type of clean and simple script called a one-liner.)

   Now if NeoMutt gets a limit or tag command followed by the pattern "~I
   '-t s:bleeping='", mairix_filter runs mairix with the arguments from
   inside the quotes (the quotes are needed because of the space after
   "-t"), mairix finds all messages with "bleeping" in the Subject plus
   all messages sharing threads with these and outputs their file names,
   and mairix_filter translates the file names into Message-IDs. Finally,
   NeoMutt reads the Message-IDs and targets the matching messages with
   the command given to it.

   You, the user, still have to rewrite the mairix_filter script to match
   the behavior of your indexer, but this should help users of indexers
   other than notmuch to integrate them cleanly with NeoMutt.

3.103. fast_reply

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, the initial prompt for recipients (to, cc, bcc) and subject
   are skipped when the relevant information is already provided. These
   cases include replying to messages and passing the relevant command
   line arguments. The initial prompt for recipients is also skipped when
   composing a new message to the current message sender, while the
   initial prompt for subject is also skipped when forwarding messages.

   Note: this variable has no effect when the $auto_edit variable is set.

   See also: $auto_edit, $edit_headers, $ask_cc, $ask_bcc

3.104. fcc_attach

   Type: quadoption
   Default: yes

   This variable controls whether or not attachments on outgoing messages
   are saved along with the main body of your message.

   Note: $fcc_before_send forces the default (set) behavior of this
   option.

3.105. fcc_before_send

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When this variable is set, FCCs will occur before sending the message.
   Before sending, the message cannot be manipulated, so it will be stored
   the exact same as sent: $fcc_attach and $fcc_clear will be ignored
   (using their default values).

   When unset, the default, FCCs will occur after sending. Variables
   $fcc_attach and $fcc_clear will be respected, allowing it to be stored
   without attachments or encryption/signing if desired.

3.106. fcc_clear

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When this variable is set, FCCs will be stored unencrypted and
   unsigned, even when the actual message is encrypted and/or signed.

   Note: $fcc_before_send forces the default (unset) behavior of this
   option. (PGP only)

   See also $pgp_self_encrypt, $smime_self_encrypt

3.107. flag_chars

   Type: character string
   Default: "*!DdrONon- "

   Controls the characters used in several flags.
   Character Default Description
   1         *       The mail is tagged.
   2         !       The mail is flagged as important.
   3         D       The mail is marked for deletion.
   4         d       The mail has attachments marked for deletion.
   5         r       The mail has been replied to.
   6         O       The mail is Old (Unread but seen).
   7         N       The mail is New (Unread but not seen).
   8         o       The mail thread is Old (Unread but seen).
   9         n       The mail thread is New (Unread but not seen).
   10        -       The mail is read - %S expando.
   11        <space> The mail is read - %Z expando.

3.108. flag_safe

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, flagged messages can't be deleted.

3.109. folder

   Type: mailbox
   Default: "~/Mail"

   Specifies the default location of your mailboxes. A "+" or "=" at the
   beginning of a pathname will be expanded to the value of this variable.
   Note that if you change this variable (from the default) value you need
   to make sure that the assignment occurs before you use "+" or "=" for
   any other variables since expansion takes place when handling the
   "mailboxes" command.

3.110. folder_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%2C %t %N %F %2l %-8.8u %-8.8g %8s %d %i"

   This variable allows you to customize the file browser display to your
   personal taste. This string is similar to $index_format, but has its
   own set of printf(3)-like sequences:
   %a Alert: 1 if user is notified of new mail
   %C Current file number
   %d Date/time folder was last modified
   %D Date/time folder was last modified using $date_format. It is
   encouraged to use "%[fmt]" instead, where "fmt" is the value of
   $date_format.
   %f Filename ("/" is appended to directory names, "@" to symbolic links
   and "*" to executable files)
   %F File permissions
   %g Group name (or numeric gid, if missing)
   %i Description of the folder
   %l Number of hard links
   %m * Number of messages in the mailbox
   %n * Number of unread messages in the mailbox
   %N "N" if mailbox has new mail, " " (space) otherwise
   %p Poll: 1 if Mailbox is checked for new mail
   %s Size in bytes (see formatstrings-size)
   %t "*" if the file is tagged, blank otherwise
   %u Owner name (or numeric uid, if missing)
   %[fmt] Date/time folder was last modified using an strftime(3)
   expression
   %>X Right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X"
   %|X Pad to the end of the line with character "X"
   %*X Soft-fill with character "X" as pad

   For an explanation of "soft-fill", see the $index_format documentation.

   * = can be optionally printed if nonzero

   %m, %n, and %N only work for monitored mailboxes. %m requires
   $mail_check_stats to be set. %n requires $mail_check_stats to be set
   (except for IMAP mailboxes).

3.111. followup_to

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Controls whether or not the "Mail-Followup-To:" header field is
   generated when sending mail. When set, NeoMutt will generate this field
   when you are replying to a known mailing list, specified with the
   "subscribe" or "lists" commands.

   This field has two purposes. First, preventing you from receiving
   duplicate copies of replies to messages which you send to mailing
   lists, and second, ensuring that you do get a reply separately for any
   messages sent to known lists to which you are not subscribed.

   The header will contain only the list's address for subscribed lists,
   and both the list address and your own email address for unsubscribed
   lists. Without this header, a group reply to your message sent to a
   subscribed list will be sent to both the list and your address,
   resulting in two copies of the same email for you.

3.112. followup_to_poster

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   If this variable is set and the keyword "poster" is present in
   Followup-To header, follow-up to newsgroup function is not permitted.
   The message will be mailed to the submitter of the message via mail.

3.113. force_name

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   This variable is similar to $save_name, except that NeoMutt will store
   a copy of your outgoing message by the username of the address you are
   sending to even if that mailbox does not exist.

   Also see the $record variable.

3.114. forward_attachments

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   When forwarding inline (i.e. $mime_forward unset or answered with "no"
   and $forward_decode set), attachments which cannot be decoded in a
   reasonable manner will be attached to the newly composed message if
   this quadoption is set or answered with "yes".

3.115. forward_attribution_intro

   Type: string
   Default: "----- Forwarded message from %f -----"

   This is the string that will precede a message which has been forwarded
   in the main body of a message (when $mime_forward is unset). For a full
   listing of defined printf(3)-like sequences see the section on
   $index_format. See also $attribution_locale.

3.116. forward_attribution_trailer

   Type: string
   Default: "----- End forwarded message -----"

   This is the string that will follow a message which has been forwarded
   in the main body of a message (when $mime_forward is unset). For a full
   listing of defined printf(3)-like sequences see the section on
   $index_format. See also $attribution_locale.

3.117. forward_decode

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Controls the decoding of complex MIME messages into text/plain when
   forwarding a message. The message header is also RFC2047 decoded. This
   variable is only used, if $mime_forward is unset, otherwise
   $mime_forward_decode is used instead.

3.118. forward_decrypt

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Controls the handling of encrypted messages when forwarding a message.
   When set, the outer layer of encryption is stripped off. This variable
   is only used if $mime_forward is set and $mime_forward_decode is unset.

3.119. forward_edit

   Type: quadoption
   Default: yes

   This quadoption controls whether or not the user is automatically
   placed in the editor when forwarding messages. For those who always
   want to forward with no modification, use a setting of "no".

3.120. forward_format

   Type: string
   Default: "[%a: %s]"

   This variable controls the default subject when forwarding a message.
   It uses the same format sequences as the $index_format variable.

3.121. forward_quote

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, forwarded messages included in the main body of the message
   (when $mime_forward is unset) will be quoted using $indent_string.

3.122. forward_references

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, forwarded messages set the "In-Reply-To:" and "References:"
   headers in the same way as normal replies would. Hence the forwarded
   message becomes part of the original thread instead of starting a new
   one.

3.123. from

   Type: e-mail address
   Default: (empty)

   When set, this variable contains a default "from" address. It can be
   overridden using "my_hdr" (including from a "send-hook") and
   $reverse_name. This variable is ignored if $use_from is unset.

   If not specified, then it may be read from the environment variable
   $EMAIL.

3.124. from_chars

   Type: character string
   Default: (empty)

   Controls the character used to prefix the %F and %L fields in the
   index.
   Character Description
   1 Mail is written by you and has a To address, or has a known mailing
   list in the To address.
   2 Mail is written by you and has a Cc address, or has a known mailing
   list in the Cc address.
   3 Mail is written by you and has a Bcc address.
   4 All remaining cases.

   If this is empty or unset (default), the traditional long "To ", "Cc "
   and "Bcc " prefixes are used. If set but too short to include a
   character for a particular case, a single space will be prepended to
   the field. To prevent any prefix at all from being added in a
   particular case, use the special value CR (aka ^M) for the
   corresponding character.

   This slightly odd interface is necessitated by NeoMutt's handling of
   string variables; one can't tell a variable that is unset from one that
   is set to the empty string.

3.125. gecos_mask

   Type: regular expression
   Default: "^[^,]*"

   A regular expression used by NeoMutt to parse the GECOS field of a
   password entry when expanding the alias. The default value will return
   the string up to the first "," encountered. If the GECOS field contains
   a string like "lastname, firstname" then you should set it to ".*".

   This can be useful if you see the following behavior: you address an
   e-mail to user ID "stevef" whose full name is "Steve Franklin". If
   NeoMutt expands "stevef" to '"Franklin" stevef@foo.bar' then you should
   set the $gecos_mask to a regular expression that will match the whole
   name so NeoMutt will expand "Franklin" to "Franklin, Steve".

3.126. greeting

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   When set, this is the string that will precede every message as a
   greeting phrase to the recipients.

   "Format strings" are similar to the strings used in the "C" function
   printf to format output (see the man page for more detail). The
   following sequences are defined in NeoMutt:

   %n Recipient's real name
   %u User (login) name of recipient
   %v First name of recipient

3.127. group_index_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%4C %M%N %5s  %-45.45f %d"

   This variable allows you to customize the newsgroup browser display to
   your personal taste. This string is similar to "index_format", but has
   its own set of printf()-like sequences:
   %a  Alert: 1 if user is notified of new mail
   %C  Current newsgroup number
   %d  Description of newsgroup (becomes from server)
   %f  Newsgroup name
   %M  - if newsgroup not allowed for direct post (moderated for example)
   %N  N if newsgroup is new, u if unsubscribed, blank otherwise
   %n  Number of new articles in newsgroup
   %p  Poll: 1 if Mailbox is checked for new mail
   %s  Number of unread articles in newsgroup
   %>X Right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X"
   %|X Pad to the end of the line with character "X"
   %*X Soft-fill with character "X" as pad

3.128. hdrs

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When unset, the header fields normally added by the "my_hdr" command
   are not created. This variable must be unset before composing a new
   message or replying in order to take effect. If set, the user defined
   header fields are added to every new message.

3.129. header

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, this variable causes NeoMutt to include the header of the
   message you are replying to into the edit buffer. The $weed setting
   applies.

3.130. header_cache

   Type: path
   Default: (empty)

   This variable points to the header cache database. If the path points
   to an existing directory, NeoMutt will create a dedicated header cache
   database per folder. Otherwise, the path points to a regular file,
   which will be created as needed and used as a shared global header
   cache for all folders. By default it is unset so no header caching will
   be used.

   Header caching can greatly improve speed when opening POP, IMAP MH or
   Maildir folders, see "caching" in the NeoMutt Guide for details.

3.131. header_cache_backend

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   This variable specifies the header cache backend. If no backend is
   specified, the first available backend will be used in the following
   order: tokyocabinet, kyotocabinet, qdbm, rocksdb, gdbm, bdb, tdb, lmdb.

3.132. header_cache_compress_level

   Type: number
   Default: 1

   When NeoMutt is compiled with lz4, zstd or zlib, this option can be
   used to setup the compression level.

3.133. header_cache_compress_method

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   When NeoMutt is compiled with lz4, zstd or zlib, the header cache
   backend can use these compression methods for compressing the cache
   files. This results in much smaller cache file sizes and may even
   improve speed.

3.134. header_color_partial

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, color header regexes behave like color body regexes: color is
   applied to the exact text matched by the regex. When unset, color is
   applied to the entire header.

   One use of this option might be to apply color to just the header
   labels.

   See "color" for more details.

3.135. help

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, help lines describing the bindings for the major functions
   provided by each menu are displayed on the first line of the screen.

   Note: The binding will not be displayed correctly if the function is
   bound to a sequence rather than a single keystroke. Also, the help line
   may not be updated if a binding is changed while NeoMutt is running.
   Since this variable is primarily aimed at new users, neither of these
   should present a major problem.

3.136. hidden_host

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will skip the host name part of $hostname variable
   when adding the domain part to addresses.

3.137. hidden_tags

   Type: string list
   Default: "unread,draft,flagged,passed,replied,attachment,signed,encrypt
   ed"

   This variable specifies a list of comma-separated private notmuch/imap
   tags which should not be printed on screen.

3.138. hide_limited

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will not show the presence of messages that are
   hidden by limiting, in the thread tree.

3.139. hide_missing

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will not show the presence of missing messages in the
   thread tree.

3.140. hide_thread_subject

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will not show the subject of messages in the thread
   tree that have the same subject as their parent or closest previously
   displayed sibling.

3.141. hide_top_limited

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will not show the presence of messages that are
   hidden by limiting, at the top of threads in the thread tree. Note that
   when $hide_limited is set, this option will have no effect.

3.142. hide_top_missing

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will not show the presence of missing messages at the
   top of threads in the thread tree. Note that when $hide_missing is set,
   this option will have no effect.

3.143. history

   Type: number
   Default: 10

   This variable controls the size (in number of strings remembered) of
   the string history buffer per category. The buffer is cleared each time
   the variable is set.

   Note that strings (e.g. commands) starting with a space are never
   recorded in the history. This is for example useful to prevent leaking
   sensitive information into the history file or for one off tests.

   Also note that a string is not added to the history if it exactly
   matches its immediate predecessor, e.g. executing the same command
   twice in a row results in only one copy being added to the history. To
   prevent duplicates over all entries use $history_remove_dups.

3.144. history_file

   Type: path
   Default: "~/.mutthistory"

   The file in which NeoMutt will save its history.

   Also see $save_history.

3.145. history_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%s"

   Controls the format of the entries of the history list. This string is
   similar to $index_format, but has its own set of printf(3)-like
   sequences:
   %C  Line number
   %s  History match
   %>X right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X"
   %|X pad to the end of the line with character "X"
   %*X soft-fill with character "X" as pad

3.146. history_remove_dups

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, all of the string history will be scanned for duplicates when
   a new entry is added. Duplicate entries in the $history_file will also
   be removed when it is periodically compacted.

3.147. honor_disposition

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will not display attachments with a disposition of
   "attachment" inline even if it could render the part to plain text.
   These MIME parts can only be viewed from the attachment menu.

   If unset, NeoMutt will render all MIME parts it can properly transform
   to plain text.

3.148. honor_followup_to

   Type: quadoption
   Default: yes

   This variable controls whether or not a Mail-Followup-To header is
   honored when group-replying to a message.

3.149. hostname

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Specifies the fully-qualified hostname of the system NeoMutt is running
   on containing the host's name and the DNS domain it belongs to. It is
   used as the domain part (after "@") for local email addresses.

   If not specified in a config file, then NeoMutt will try to determine
   the hostname itself.

   Optionally, NeoMutt can be compiled with a fixed domain name.

   Also see $use_domain and $hidden_host.

3.150. idn_decode

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will show you international domain names decoded.
   Note: You can use IDNs for addresses even if this is unset. This
   variable only affects decoding. (IDN only)

3.151. idn_encode

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will encode international domain names using IDN.
   Unset this if your SMTP server can handle newer (RFC6531) UTF-8 encoded
   domains. (IDN only)

3.152. ignore_list_reply_to

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Affects the behavior of the <reply> function when replying to messages
   from mailing lists (as defined by the "subscribe" or "lists" commands).
   When set, if the "Reply-To:" field is set to the same value as the
   "To:" field, NeoMutt assumes that the "Reply-To:" field was set by the
   mailing list to automate responses to the list, and will ignore this
   field. To direct a response to the mailing list when this option is
   set, use the <list-reply> function; <group-reply> will reply to both
   the sender and the list.

3.153. imap_authenticators

   Type: string list
   Default: (empty)

   This is a colon-separated list of authentication methods NeoMutt may
   attempt to use to log in to an IMAP server, in the order NeoMutt should
   try them. Authentication methods are either "login" or the right side
   of an IMAP "AUTH=xxx" capability string, e.g. "digest-md5", "gssapi" or
   "cram-md5". This option is case-insensitive. If it's unset (the
   default) NeoMutt will try all available methods, in order from
   most-secure to least-secure.

   Example:
set imap_authenticators="gssapi:cram-md5:login"

   Note: NeoMutt will only fall back to other authentication methods if
   the previous methods are unavailable. If a method is available but
   authentication fails, NeoMutt will not connect to the IMAP server.

3.154. imap_check_subscribed

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will fetch the set of subscribed folders from your
   server whenever a mailbox is selected, and add them to the set of
   mailboxes it polls for new mail just as if you had issued individual
   "mailboxes" commands.

3.155. imap_condstore

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will use the CONDSTORE extension (RFC7162) if
   advertised by the server. NeoMutt's current implementation is basic,
   used only for initial message fetching and flag updates.

   For some IMAP servers, enabling this will slightly speed up downloading
   initial messages. Unfortunately, Gmail is not one those, and displays
   worse performance when enabled. Your mileage may vary.

3.156. imap_deflate

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will use the COMPRESS=DEFLATE extension (RFC4978) if
   advertised by the server.

   In general a good compression efficiency can be achieved, which speeds
   up reading large mailboxes also on fairly good connections.

3.157. imap_delim_chars

   Type: string
   Default: "/."

   This contains the list of characters that NeoMutt will use as folder
   separators for IMAP paths, when no separator is provided on the IMAP
   connection.

3.158. imap_fetch_chunk_size

   Type: number (long)
   Default: 0

   When set to a value greater than 0, new headers will be downloaded in
   groups of this many headers per request. If you have a very large
   mailbox, this might prevent a timeout and disconnect when opening the
   mailbox, by sending a FETCH per set of this many headers, instead of a
   single FETCH for all new headers.

3.159. imap_headers

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   NeoMutt requests these header fields in addition to the default headers
   ("Date:", "From:", "Sender:", "Subject:", "To:", "Cc:", "Message-Id:",
   "References:", "Content-Type:", "Content-Description:", "In-Reply-To:",
   "Reply-To:", "Lines:", "List-Post:", "X-Label:") from IMAP servers
   before displaying the index menu. You may want to add more headers for
   spam detection.

   Note: This is a space separated list, items should be uppercase and not
   contain the colon, e.g. "X-BOGOSITY X-SPAM-STATUS" for the
   "X-Bogosity:" and "X-Spam-Status:" header fields.

3.160. imap_idle

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will attempt to use the IMAP IDLE extension to check
   for new mail in the current mailbox. Some servers (dovecot was the
   inspiration for this option) react badly to NeoMutt's implementation.
   If your connection seems to freeze up periodically, try unsetting this.

3.161. imap_keep_alive

   Type: number
   Default: 300

   This variable specifies the maximum amount of time in seconds that
   NeoMutt will wait before polling open IMAP connections, to prevent the
   server from closing them before NeoMutt has finished with them. The
   default is well within the RFC-specified minimum amount of time (30
   minutes) before a server is allowed to do this, but in practice the RFC
   does get violated every now and then. Reduce this number if you find
   yourself getting disconnected from your IMAP server due to inactivity.

3.162. imap_list_subscribed

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   This variable configures whether IMAP folder browsing will look for
   only subscribed folders or all folders. This can be toggled in the IMAP
   browser with the <toggle-subscribed> function.

3.163. imap_login

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Your login name on the IMAP server.

   This variable defaults to the value of $imap_user.

3.164. imap_oauth_refresh_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   The command to run to generate an OAUTH refresh token for authorizing
   your connection to your IMAP server. This command will be run on every
   connection attempt that uses the OAUTHBEARER or XOAUTH2 authentication
   mechanisms. See "oauth" for details.

3.165. imap_pass

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Specifies the password for your IMAP account. If unset, NeoMutt will
   prompt you for your password when you invoke the <imap-fetch-mail>
   function or try to open an IMAP folder.

   Warning: you should only use this option when you are on a fairly
   secure machine, because the superuser can read your neomuttrc even if
   you are the only one who can read the file.

3.166. imap_passive

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will not open new IMAP connections to check for new
   mail. NeoMutt will only check for new mail over existing IMAP
   connections. This is useful if you don't want to be prompted for
   user/password pairs on NeoMutt invocation, or if opening the connection
   is slow.

3.167. imap_peek

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will avoid implicitly marking your mail as read
   whenever you fetch a message from the server. This is generally a good
   thing, but can make closing an IMAP folder somewhat slower. This option
   exists to appease speed freaks.

3.168. imap_pipeline_depth

   Type: number
   Default: 15

   Controls the number of IMAP commands that may be queued up before they
   are sent to the server. A deeper pipeline reduces the amount of time
   NeoMutt must wait for the server, and can make IMAP servers feel much
   more responsive. But not all servers correctly handle pipelined
   commands, so if you have problems you might want to try setting this
   variable to 0.

   Note: Changes to this variable have no effect on open connections.

3.169. imap_poll_timeout

   Type: number
   Default: 15

   This variable specifies the maximum amount of time in seconds that
   NeoMutt will wait for a response when polling IMAP connections for new
   mail, before timing out and closing the connection. Set to 0 to disable
   timing out.

3.170. imap_qresync

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will use the QRESYNC extension (RFC7162) if
   advertised by the server. NeoMutt's current implementation is basic,
   used only for initial message fetching and flag updates.

   Note: this feature is currently experimental. If you experience strange
   behavior, such as duplicate or missing messages please file a bug
   report to let us know.

3.171. imap_rfc5161

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will use the IMAP ENABLE extension (RFC5161) to
   select CAPABILITIES. Some servers (notably Coremail System IMap Server)
   do not properly respond to ENABLE commands, which might cause NeoMutt
   to hang. If your connection seems to freeze at login, try unsetting
   this. See also https://github.com/neomutt/neomutt/issues/1689

3.172. imap_send_id

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will send an IMAP ID command (RFC2971) to the server
   when logging in if advertised by the server. This command provides
   information about the IMAP client, such as "NeoMutt" and the current
   version.

3.173. imap_server_noise

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will display warning messages from the IMAP server as
   error messages. Since these messages are often harmless, or generated
   due to configuration problems on the server which are out of the users'
   hands, you may wish to suppress them at some point.

3.174. imap_user

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   The name of the user whose mail you intend to access on the IMAP
   server.

   This variable defaults to your user name on the local machine.

3.175. implicit_auto_view

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set to "yes", NeoMutt will look for a mailcap entry with the
   "copiousoutput" flag set for every MIME attachment it doesn't have an
   internal viewer defined for. If such an entry is found, NeoMutt will
   use the viewer defined in that entry to convert the body part to text
   form.

3.176. include

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   Controls whether or not a copy of the message(s) you are replying to is
   included in your reply.

3.177. include_encrypted

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Controls whether or not NeoMutt includes separately encrypted
   attachment contents when replying.

   This variable was added to prevent accidental exposure of encrypted
   contents when replying to an attacker. If a previously encrypted
   message were attached by the attacker, they could trick an unwary
   recipient into decrypting and including the message in their reply.

3.178. include_only_first

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Controls whether or not NeoMutt includes only the first attachment of
   the message you are replying.

3.179. indent_string

   Type: string
   Default: "> "

   Specifies the string to prepend to each line of text quoted in a
   message to which you are replying. You are strongly encouraged not to
   change this value, as it tends to agitate the more fanatical netizens.

   The value of this option is ignored if $text_flowed is set, because the
   quoting mechanism is strictly defined for format=flowed.

   This option is a format string, please see the description of
   $index_format for supported printf(3)-style sequences.

3.180. index_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15L (%<l?%4l&%4c>) %s"

   This variable allows you to customize the message index display to your
   personal taste.

   "Format strings" are similar to the strings used in the C function
   printf(3) to format output (see the man page for more details). For an
   explanation of the %<...> construct, see the status_format description.
   The following sequences are defined in NeoMutt:
   %a Address of the author
   %A Reply-to address (if present; otherwise: address of author)
   %b Filename of the original message folder (think mailbox)
   %B Same as %K
   %c Number of characters (bytes) in the body of the message (see
   formatstrings-size)
   %C Current message number
   %cr Number of characters (bytes) in the raw message, including the
   header (see formatstrings-size)
   %d Date and time of message using date_format and sender's timezone It
   is encouraged to use "%{fmt}" instead, where "fmt" is the value of
   $date_format.
   %D Date and time of message using date_format and local timezone It is
   encouraged to use "%[fmt]" instead, where "fmt" is the value of
   $date_format.
   %e Current message number in thread
   %E Number of messages in current thread
   %f Sender (address + real name), either From: or Return-Path:
   %F Author name, or recipient name if the message is from you
   %Fp Like %F, but plain. No contextual formatting is applied to
   recipient name
   %g Message tags (e.g. notmuch tags/imap flags)
   %Gx Individual message tag (e.g. notmuch tags/imap flags)
   %H Spam attribute(s) of this message
   %i Message-id of the current message
   %I Initials of author
   %J Message tags (if present, tree unfolded, and != parent's tags)
   %K The list to which the letter was sent (if any; otherwise: empty)
   %l number of lines in the unprocessed message (may not work with
   maildir, mh, and IMAP folders)
   %L If an address in the "To:" or "Cc:" header field matches an address
   Defined by the user's "subscribe" command, this displays "To
   <list-name>", otherwise the same as %F
   %m Total number of message in the mailbox
   %M Number of hidden messages if the thread is collapsed
   %n Author's real name (or address if missing)
   %N Message score
   %O Original save folder where NeoMutt would formerly have Stashed the
   message: list name or recipient name If not sent to a list
   %P Progress indicator for the built-in pager (how much of the file has
   been displayed)
   %q Newsgroup name (if compiled with NNTP support)
   %r Comma separated list of "To:" recipients
   %R Comma separated list of "Cc:" recipients
   %s Subject of the message
   %S Single character status of the message ("N"/"O"/"D"/"d"/"!"/"r"/"*")
   %t "To:" field (recipients)
   %T The appropriate character from the $to_chars string
   %u User (login) name of the author
   %v First name of the author, or the recipient if the message is from
   you
   %W Name of organization of author ("Organization:" field)
   %x "X-Comment-To:" field (if present and compiled with NNTP support)
   %X Number of MIME attachments (please see the "attachments" section for
   possible speed effects)
   %y "X-Label:" field, if present
   %Y "X-Label:" field, if present, and (1) not at part of a thread tree,
   (2) at the top of a thread, or (3) "X-Label:" is different from
   Preceding message's "X-Label:"
   %Z A three character set of message status flags. The first character
   is new/read/replied flags ("n"/"o"/"r"/"O"/"N"). The second is deleted
   or encryption flags ("D"/"d"/"S"/"P"/"s"/"K"). The third is either
   tagged/flagged ("*"/"!"), or one of the characters Listed in $to_chars.
   %zc Message crypto flags
   %zs Message status flags
   %zt Message tag flags
   %@name@ insert and evaluate format-string from the matching
   "index-format-hook" command
   %{fmt} the date and time of the message is converted to sender's time
   zone, and "fmt" is expanded by the library function strftime(3); if the
   first character inside the braces is a bang ("!"), the date is
   formatted ignoring any locale settings. Note that the sender's time
   zone might only be available as a numerical offset, so "%Z" behaves
   like "%z". %{fmt} behaves like %[fmt] on systems where struct tm
   doesn't have a tm_gmtoff member.
   %[fmt] the date and time of the message is converted to the local time
   zone, and "fmt" is expanded by the library function strftime(3); if the
   first character inside the brackets is a bang ("!"), the date is
   formatted ignoring any locale settings.
   %(fmt) the local date and time when the message was received, and "fmt"
   is expanded by the library function strftime(3); if the first character
   inside the parentheses is a bang ("!"), the date is formatted ignoring
   any locale settings.
   %>X right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X"
   %|X pad to the end of the line with character "X"
   %*X soft-fill with character "X" as pad

   Date format expressions can be constructed based on relative dates.
   Using the date formatting operators along with nested conditionals, the
   date format can be modified based on how old a message is. See the
   section on "Conditional Dates" for an explanation and examples

   Note that for mbox/mmdf, "%l" applies to the unprocessed message, and
   for maildir/mh, the value comes from the "Lines:" header field when
   present (the meaning is normally the same). Thus the value depends on
   the encodings used in the different parts of the message and has little
   meaning in practice.

   "Soft-fill" deserves some explanation: Normal right-justification will
   print everything to the left of the "%>", displaying padding and
   whatever lies to the right only if there's room. By contrast, soft-fill
   gives priority to the right-hand side, guaranteeing space to display it
   and showing padding only if there's still room. If necessary, soft-fill
   will eat text leftwards to make room for rightward text.

   Note that these expandos are supported in "save-hook", "fcc-hook" and
   "fcc-save-hook", too.

3.181. inews

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   If set, specifies the program and arguments used to deliver news posted
   by NeoMutt. Otherwise, NeoMutt posts article using current connection
   to news server. The following printf-style sequence is understood:
   %a account url
   %p port
   %P port if specified
   %s news server name
   %S url schema
   %u username

   Example:
set inews="/usr/local/bin/inews -hS"

3.182. ispell

   Type: command
   Default: "ispell"

   How to invoke ispell (GNU's spell-checking software).

3.183. keep_flagged

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, read messages marked as flagged will not be moved from your
   spool mailbox to your $mbox mailbox or to the "mbox" specified by a
   mbox-hook command.

   Note that $keep_flagged only has an effect if $move is set.

3.184. local_date_header

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, the date in the Date header of emails that you send will be in
   your local timezone. If unset a UTC date will be used instead to avoid
   leaking information about your current location.

3.185. mail_check

   Type: number
   Default: 5

   This variable configures how often (in seconds) NeoMutt should look for
   new mail. Also see the $timeout variable.

3.186. mail_check_recent

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will only notify you about new mail that has been
   received since the last time you opened the mailbox. When unset,
   NeoMutt will notify you if any new mail exists in the mailbox,
   regardless of whether you have visited it recently.

3.187. mail_check_stats

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will periodically calculate message statistics of a
   mailbox while polling for new mail. It will check for unread, flagged,
   and total message counts. (Note: IMAP mailboxes only support unread and
   total counts).

   Because this operation is more performance intensive, it defaults to
   unset, and has a separate option, $mail_check_stats_interval, to
   control how often to update these counts.

   Message statistics can also be explicitly calculated by invoking the
   <check-stats> function.

3.188. mail_check_stats_interval

   Type: number
   Default: 60

   When $mail_check_stats is set, this variable configures how often (in
   seconds) NeoMutt will update message counts.

3.189. mailbox_folder_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%2C %<n?%6n&      > %6m %i"

   This variable allows you to customize the file browser display to your
   personal taste. It's only used to customize network mailboxes (e.g.
   imap). This string is identical in formatting to the one used by
   "$folder_format".

3.190. mailcap_path

   Type: string list
   Default: "~/.mailcap:/usr/local/share/neomutt/mailcap:/usr/local/etc/ma
   ilcap:/etc/mailcap:/usr/etc/mailcap:/usr/local/etc/mailcap"

   This variable specifies a list of colon-separated files to consult when
   attempting to display MIME bodies not directly supported by NeoMutt.
   The default value is generated during startup: see the "mailcap"
   section of the manual.

   $mailcap_path is overridden by the environment variable $MAILCAPS.

   The default search path is from RFC1524.

3.191. mailcap_sanitize

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, NeoMutt will restrict possible characters in mailcap % expandos
   to a well-defined set of safe characters. This is the safe setting, but
   we are not sure it doesn't break some more advanced MIME stuff.

   DON'T CHANGE THIS SETTING UNLESS YOU ARE REALLY SURE WHAT YOU ARE
   DOING!

3.192. maildir_check_cur

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, NeoMutt will poll both the new and cur directories of a maildir
   folder for new messages. This might be useful if other programs
   interacting with the folder (e.g. dovecot) are moving new messages to
   the cur directory. Note that setting this option may slow down polling
   for new messages in large folders, since NeoMutt has to scan all cur
   messages.

3.193. maildir_field_delimiter

   Type: string
   Default: ":"

   Use the value as maildir field delimiter. This is a single-character
   used to accommodate maildir mailboxes on platforms where `:` is not
   allowed in a filename. The recommended alternative on such platforms is
   `;`. NeoMutt supports all non-alphanumeric values except for `-`, `.`,
   `\`, `/`. Note: this only applies to maildir-style mailboxes. Setting
   it will have no effect on other mailbox types.

3.194. maildir_header_cache_verify

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Check for Maildir unaware programs other than NeoMutt having modified
   maildir files when the header cache is in use. This incurs one stat(2)
   per message every time the folder is opened (which can be very slow for
   NFS folders).

3.195. maildir_trash

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, messages marked as deleted will be saved with the maildir
   trashed flag instead of unlinked. Note: this only applies to
   maildir-style mailboxes. Setting it will have no effect on other
   mailbox types.

3.196. mark_macro_prefix

   Type: string
   Default: "'"

   Prefix for macros created using mark-message. A new macro automatically
   generated with <mark-message>a will be composed from this prefix and
   the letter a.

3.197. mark_old

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Controls whether or not NeoMutt marks new unread messages as old if you
   exit a mailbox without reading them. With this option set, the next
   time you start NeoMutt, the messages will show up with an "O" next to
   them in the index menu, indicating that they are old.

3.198. markers

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Controls the display of wrapped lines in the internal pager. If set, a
   "+" marker is displayed at the beginning of wrapped lines.

   Also see the $smart_wrap variable.

3.199. mask

   Type: regular expression
   Default: "!^\.[^.]"

   A regular expression used in the file browser, optionally preceded by
   the not operator "!". Only files whose names match this mask will be
   shown. The match is always case-sensitive.

3.200. mbox

   Type: mailbox
   Default: "~/mbox"

   This specifies the folder into which read mail in your $spool_file
   folder will be appended.

   Also see the $move variable.

3.201. mbox_type

   Type: enumeration
   Default: mbox

   The default mailbox type used when creating new folders. May be any of
   "mbox", "MMDF", "MH" or "Maildir".

   This can also be set using the -m command-line option.

3.202. me_too

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If unset, NeoMutt will remove your address (see the "alternates"
   command) from the list of recipients when replying to a message.

3.203. message_id_format

   Type: string
   Default: "<%z@%f>"

   This variable allows you to choose a custom format for the Message-Id
   when sending messages. The value may end in "|" to invoke an external
   filter. See formatstrings-filters.

   Please note that the Message-ID value follows a strict syntax, and you
   are responsible for ensuring correctness if you change this from the
   default. In particular, the value must follow the syntax in RFC 5322:
   ""<" id-left "@" id-right ">"". No spaces are allowed, and id-left
   should follow the dot-atom-text syntax in the RFC. The id-right should
   generally be left as "%f".

   If unset, NeoMutt will use a long random format.

   If the format doesn't begin/end with "<", ">" they will be added.

   The old Message-ID format can be used by setting this to:
   "<%Y%02m%02d%02H%02M%02S.G%c%p@%f>"

   The following printf(3)-style sequences are understood:
   %c Step counter looping from "A" to "Z"
   %d Current day of the month (GMT)
   %f $hostname
   %H Current hour using a 24-hour clock (GMT)
   %m Current month number (GMT)
   %M Current minute of the hour (GMT)
   %p Pid of the running mutt process
   %r 3 bytes of pseudo-random data encoded in Base64
   %S Current second of the minute (GMT)
   %x 1 byte of pseudo-random data hex encoded (example: '1b')
   %Y Current year using 4 digits (GMT)
   %z 4 byte timestamp + 8 bytes of pseudo-random data encoded in Base64

3.204. menu_context

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   This variable controls the number of lines of context that are given
   when scrolling through menus. (Similar to $pager_context.)

3.205. menu_move_off

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When unset, the bottom entry of menus will never scroll up past the
   bottom of the screen, unless there are less entries than lines. When
   set, the bottom entry may move off the bottom.

3.206. menu_scroll

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, menus will be scrolled up or down one line when you attempt
   to move across a screen boundary. If unset, the screen is cleared and
   the next or previous page of the menu is displayed (useful for slow
   links to avoid many redraws).

3.207. message_cache_clean

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, NeoMutt will clean out obsolete entries from the message cache
   when the mailbox is synchronized. You probably only want to set it
   every once in a while, since it can be a little slow (especially for
   large folders).

3.208. message_cache_dir

   Type: path
   Default: (empty)

   Set this to a directory and NeoMutt will cache copies of messages from
   your IMAP and POP servers here. You are free to remove entries at any
   time.

   When setting this variable to a directory, NeoMutt needs to fetch every
   remote message only once and can perform regular expression searches as
   fast as for local folders.

   Also see the $message_cache_clean variable.

3.209. message_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%s"

   This is the string displayed in the "attachment" menu for attachments
   of type message/rfc822. For a full listing of defined printf(3)-like
   sequences see the section on $index_format.

3.210. meta_key

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, forces NeoMutt to interpret keystrokes with the high bit (bit
   8) set as if the user had pressed the Esc key and whatever key remains
   after having the high bit removed. For example, if the key pressed has
   an ASCII value of 0xf8, then this is treated as if the user had pressed
   Esc then "x". This is because the result of removing the high bit from
   0xf8 is 0x78, which is the ASCII character "x".

3.211. mh_purge

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When unset, NeoMutt will mimic mh's behavior and rename deleted
   messages to ,<old file name> in mh folders instead of really deleting
   them. This leaves the message on disk but makes programs reading the
   folder ignore it. If the variable is set, the message files will simply
   be deleted.

   This option is similar to $maildir_trash for Maildir folders.

3.212. mh_seq_flagged

   Type: string
   Default: "flagged"

   The name of the MH sequence used for flagged messages.

3.213. mh_seq_replied

   Type: string
   Default: "replied"

   The name of the MH sequence used to tag replied messages.

3.214. mh_seq_unseen

   Type: string
   Default: "unseen"

   The name of the MH sequence used for unseen messages.

3.215. mime_forward

   Type: quadoption
   Default: no

   When set, the message you are forwarding will be attached as a separate
   message/rfc822 MIME part instead of included in the main body of the
   message. This is useful for forwarding MIME messages so the receiver
   can properly view the message as it was delivered to you. If you like
   to switch between MIME and not MIME from mail to mail, set this
   variable to "ask-no" or "ask-yes".

   Also see $forward_decode and $mime_forward_decode.

3.216. mime_forward_decode

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Controls the decoding of complex MIME messages into text/plain when
   forwarding a message while $mime_forward is set. Otherwise
   $forward_decode is used instead.

3.217. mime_forward_rest

   Type: quadoption
   Default: yes

   When forwarding multiple attachments of a MIME message from the
   attachment menu, attachments which can't be decoded in a reasonable
   manner will be attached to the newly composed message if this option is
   set.

3.218. mime_type_query_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This specifies a command to run, to determine the mime type of a new
   attachment when composing a message. Unless $mime_type_query_first is
   set, this will only be run if the attachment's extension is not found
   in the mime.types file.

   The string may contain a "%s", which will be substituted with the
   attachment filename. NeoMutt will add quotes around the string
   substituted for "%s" automatically according to shell quoting rules, so
   you should avoid adding your own. If no "%s" is found in the string,
   NeoMutt will append the attachment filename to the end of the string.

   The command should output a single line containing the attachment's
   mime type.

   Suggested values are "xdg-mime query filetype" or "file -bi".

3.219. mime_type_query_first

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, the $mime_type_query_command will be run before the
   mime.types lookup.

3.220. move

   Type: quadoption
   Default: no

   If this variable is set, then NeoMutt will move read messages from your
   spool mailbox to your $mbox mailbox or to the "mbox" specified by a
   mbox-hook command.

   See also $keep_flagged.

3.221. narrow_tree

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   This variable, when set, makes the thread tree narrower, allowing
   deeper threads to fit on the screen.

3.222. net_inc

   Type: number
   Default: 10

   Operations that expect to transfer a large amount of data over the
   network will update their progress every $net_inc kilobytes. If set to
   0, no progress messages will be displayed.

   See also $read_inc, $write_inc and $net_inc.

3.223. new_mail_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   If set, NeoMutt will call this command after a new message is received.
   See the $status_format documentation for the values that can be
   formatted into this command.

3.224. news_cache_dir

   Type: path
   Default: "~/.neomutt"

   This variable pointing to directory where NeoMutt will save cached news
   articles and headers in. If unset, articles and headers will not be
   saved at all and will be reloaded from the server each time.

3.225. news_server

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   This variable specifies domain name or address of NNTP server.

   You can also specify username and an alternative port for each news
   server, e.g. [[s]news://][username[:password]@]server[:port]

   This option can also be set using the command line option "-g", the
   environment variable $NNTPSERVER, or putting the server name in the
   file "/etc/nntpserver".

3.226. newsgroups_charset

   Type: string
   Default: "utf-8"

   Character set of newsgroups descriptions.

3.227. newsrc

   Type: path
   Default: "~/.newsrc"

   The file, containing info about subscribed newsgroups - names and
   indexes of read articles. The following printf-style sequence is
   understood:
   Expando Description       Example
   %a      Account url       news:news.gmane.org
   %p      Port              119
   %P      Port if specified 10119
   %s      News server name  news.gmane.org
   %S      Url schema        news
   %u      Username          username

3.228. nntp_authenticators

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   This is a colon-delimited list of authentication methods NeoMutt may
   attempt to use to log in to a news server, in the order NeoMutt should
   try them. Authentication methods are either "user" or any SASL
   mechanism, e.g. "digest-md5", "gssapi" or "cram-md5". This option is
   case-insensitive. If it's unset (the default) NeoMutt will try all
   available methods, in order from most-secure to least-secure.

   Example:
set nntp_authenticators="digest-md5:user"

   Note: NeoMutt will only fall back to other authentication methods if
   the previous methods are unavailable. If a method is available but
   authentication fails, NeoMutt will not connect to the IMAP server.

3.229. nntp_context

   Type: number (long)
   Default: 1000

   This variable defines number of articles which will be in index when
   newsgroup entered. If active newsgroup have more articles than this
   number, oldest articles will be ignored. Also controls how many
   articles headers will be saved in cache when you quit newsgroup.

3.230. nntp_listgroup

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   This variable controls whether or not existence of each article is
   checked when newsgroup is entered.

3.231. nntp_load_description

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   This variable controls whether or not descriptions for each newsgroup
   must be loaded when newsgroup is added to list (first time list loading
   or new newsgroup adding).

3.232. nntp_pass

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Your password for NNTP account.

3.233. nntp_poll

   Type: number
   Default: 60

   The time in seconds until any operations on newsgroup except post new
   article will cause recheck for new news. If set to 0, NeoMutt will
   recheck newsgroup on each operation in index (stepping, read article,
   etc.).

3.234. nntp_user

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Your login name on the NNTP server. If unset and NNTP server requires
   authentication, NeoMutt will prompt you for your account name when you
   connect to news server.

3.235. pager

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This variable specifies which pager you would like to use to view
   messages. When empty, NeoMutt will use the built-in pager, otherwise
   this variable should specify the pathname of the external pager you
   would like to use.

   Using an external pager may have some disadvantages: Additional
   keystrokes are necessary because you can't call NeoMutt functions
   directly from the pager, and screen resizes cause lines longer than the
   screen width to be badly formatted in the help menu.

3.236. pager_context

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   This variable controls the number of lines of context that are given
   when displaying the next or previous page in the internal pager. By
   default, NeoMutt will display the line after the last one on the screen
   at the top of the next page (0 lines of context).

   This variable also specifies the amount of context given for search
   results. If positive, this many lines will be given before a match, if
   0, the match will be top-aligned.

3.237. pager_format

   Type: string
   Default: "-%Z- %C/%m: %-20.20n   %s%*  -- (%P)"

   This variable controls the format of the one-line message "status"
   displayed before each message in either the internal or an external
   pager. The valid sequences are listed in the $index_format section.

3.238. pager_index_lines

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   Determines the number of lines of a mini-index which is shown when in
   the pager. The current message, unless near the top or bottom of the
   folder, will be roughly one third of the way down this mini-index,
   giving the reader the context of a few messages before and after the
   message. This is useful, for example, to determine how many messages
   remain to be read in the current thread. A value of 0 results in no
   index being shown.

3.239. pager_read_delay

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   Determines the number of seconds that must elapse after first opening a
   new message in the pager before that message will be marked as read. A
   value of 0 results in the message being marked read unconditionally;
   for other values, navigating to another message or exiting the pager
   before the timeout will leave the message marked unread. This setting
   is ignored if $pager is set.

3.240. pager_skip_quoted_context

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   Determines the number of lines of context to show before the unquoted
   text when using the <skip-quoted> function. When set to a positive
   number at most that many lines of the previous quote are displayed. If
   the previous quote is shorter the whole quote is displayed.

   The (now deprecated) skip_quoted_offset is an alias for this variable,
   and should no longer be used.

3.241. pager_stop

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, the internal-pager will not move to the next message when you
   are at the end of a message and invoke the <next-page> function.

3.242. pattern_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%2n %-15e  %d"

   This variable describes the format of the "pattern completion" menu.
   The following printf(3)-style sequences are understood:
   %d  pattern description
   %e  pattern expression
   %n  index number
   %>X right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X"
   %|X pad to the end of the line with character "X"
   %*X soft-fill with character "X" as pad

3.243. pgp_auto_decode

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, NeoMutt will automatically attempt to decrypt traditional PGP
   messages whenever the user performs an operation which ordinarily would
   result in the contents of the message being operated on. For example,
   if the user displays a pgp-traditional message which has not been
   manually checked with the <check-traditional-pgp> function, NeoMutt
   will automatically check the message for traditional pgp.

3.244. pgp_auto_inline

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   This option controls whether NeoMutt generates old-style inline
   (traditional) PGP encrypted or signed messages under certain
   circumstances. This can be overridden by use of the pgp menu, when
   inline is not required. The GPGME backend does not support this option.

   Note that NeoMutt might automatically use PGP/MIME for messages which
   consist of more than a single MIME part. NeoMutt can be configured to
   ask before sending PGP/MIME messages when inline (traditional) would
   not work.

   Also see the $pgp_mime_auto variable.

   Also note that using the old-style PGP message format is strongly
   deprecated. (PGP only)

3.245. pgp_check_exit

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, NeoMutt will check the exit code of the PGP subprocess when
   signing or encrypting. A non-zero exit code means that the subprocess
   failed. (PGP only)

3.246. pgp_check_gpg_decrypt_status_fd

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, NeoMutt will check the status file descriptor output of
   $pgp_decrypt_command and $pgp_decode_command for GnuPG status codes
   indicating successful decryption. This will check for the presence of
   DECRYPTION_OKAY, absence of DECRYPTION_FAILED, and that all PLAINTEXT
   occurs between the BEGIN_DECRYPTION and END_DECRYPTION status codes.

   If unset, NeoMutt will instead match the status fd output against
   $pgp_decryption_okay. (PGP only)

3.247. pgp_clear_sign_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This format is used to create an old-style "clearsigned" PGP message.
   Note that the use of this format is strongly deprecated.

   This is a format string, see the $pgp_decode_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. Note that in this case, %r expands
   to the search string, which is a list of one or more quoted values such
   as email address, name, or keyid. (PGP only)

3.248. pgp_decode_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This format strings specifies a command which is used to decode
   application/pgp attachments.

   The PGP command formats have their own set of printf(3)-like sequences:
   %a The value of $pgp_sign_as if set, otherwise the value of
   $pgp_default_key.
   %f Expands to the name of a file containing a message.
   %p Expands to PGPPASSFD=0 when a pass phrase is needed, to an empty
   string otherwise. Note: This may be used with a %<...> construct.
   %r One or more key IDs (or fingerprints if available).
   %s Expands to the name of a file containing the signature part of a
   multipart/signed attachment when verifying it.

   (PGP only)

3.249. pgp_decrypt_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to decrypt a PGP encrypted message.

   This is a format string, see the $pgp_decode_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only)

   Note: When decrypting messages using gpg, a pinentry program needs to
   be invoked unless the password is cached within gpg-agent. Currently,
   the pinentry-tty program (usually distributed with gpg) isn't suitable
   for being invoked by NeoMutt. You are encouraged to use a different
   pinentry-program when running NeoMutt in order to avoid problems.

   See also: https://github.com/neomutt/neomutt/issues/1014

3.250. pgp_decryption_okay

   Type: regular expression
   Default: (empty)

   If you assign text to this variable, then an encrypted PGP message is
   only considered successfully decrypted if the output from
   $pgp_decrypt_command contains the text. This is used to protect against
   a spoofed encrypted message, with multipart/encrypted headers but
   containing a block that is not actually encrypted. (e.g. simply signed
   and ascii armored text).

   Note that if $pgp_check_gpg_decrypt_status_fd is set, this variable is
   ignored. (PGP only)

3.251. pgp_default_key

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   This is the default key-pair to use for PGP operations. It will be used
   for encryption (see $postpone_encrypt and $pgp_self_encrypt).

   It will also be used for signing unless $pgp_sign_as is set.

   The (now deprecated) pgp_self_encrypt_as is an alias for this variable,
   and should no longer be used. (PGP only)

3.252. pgp_encrypt_only_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to encrypt a body part without signing it.

   This is a format string, see the $pgp_decode_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. Note that in this case, %r expands
   to the search string, which is a list of one or more quoted values such
   as email address, name, or keyid. (PGP only)

3.253. pgp_encrypt_sign_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to both sign and encrypt a body part.

   This is a format string, see the $pgp_decode_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only)

3.254. pgp_entry_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%4n %t%f %4l/0x%k %-4a %2c %u"

   This variable allows you to customize the PGP key selection menu to
   your personal taste. If $crypt_use_gpgme is set, then it applies to
   S/MIME key selection menu also. This string is similar to
   $index_format, but has its own set of printf(3)-like sequences:
   %a     Algorithm
   %c     Capabilities
   %f     Flags
   %i     Key fingerprint (or long key id if non-existent)
   %k     Key id
   %l     Key length
   %n     Number
   %p     Protocol
   %t     Trust/validity of the key-uid association
   %u     User id
   %[<s>] Date of the key where <s> is an strftime(3) expression
   %>X    Right justify the rest of the string and pad with character "X"
   %|X    Pad to the end of the line with character "X"
   %*X    Soft-fill with character "X" as pad

   See the section "Sending Cryptographically Signed/Encrypted Messages"
   of the user manual for the meaning of the letters some of these
   sequences expand to.

   (Crypto only) or (PGP only when GPGME disabled)

3.255. pgp_export_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to export a public key from the user's key ring.

   This is a format string, see the $pgp_decode_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only)

3.256. pgp_get_keys_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is invoked whenever NeoMutt needs to fetch the public key
   associated with an email address. Of the sequences supported by
   $pgp_decode_command, %r is the only printf(3)-like sequence used with
   this format. Note that in this case, %r expands to the email address,
   not the public key ID (the key ID is unknown, which is why NeoMutt is
   invoking this command). (PGP only)

3.257. pgp_good_sign

   Type: regular expression
   Default: (empty)

   If you assign a text to this variable, then a PGP signature is only
   considered verified if the output from $pgp_verify_command contains the
   text. Use this variable if the exit code from the command is 0 even for
   bad signatures. (PGP only)

3.258. pgp_ignore_subkeys

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Setting this variable will cause NeoMutt to ignore OpenPGP subkeys.
   Instead, the principal key will inherit the subkeys' capabilities.
   Unset this if you want to play interesting key selection games. (PGP
   only)

3.259. pgp_import_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to import a key from a message into the user's
   public key ring.

   This is a format string, see the $pgp_decode_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only)

3.260. pgp_list_pubring_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to list the public key ring's contents. The output
   format must be analogous to the one used by
gpg --list-keys --with-colons --with-fingerprint

   Note: gpg's fixed-list-mode option should not be used. It produces a
   different date format which may result in NeoMutt showing incorrect key
   generation dates.

   This is a format string, see the $pgp_decode_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only)

3.261. pgp_list_secring_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to list the secret key ring's contents. The output
   format must be analogous to the one used by:
gpg --list-keys --with-colons --with-fingerprint

   Note: gpg's fixed-list-mode option should not be used. It produces a
   different date format which may result in NeoMutt showing incorrect key
   generation dates.

   This is a format string, see the $pgp_decode_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only)

3.262. pgp_key_sort

   Type: sort order
   Default: address

   Specifies how the entries in the pgp menu are sorted.
   Value   Sort by
   address Address
   date    Date
   keyid   Key id
   trust   Trust level

   Prefixing the value with reverse- sorts the entries in reverse order,
   e.g. set pgp_key_sort = "reverse-date"

   (PGP only)

3.263. pgp_long_ids

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, use 64-bit PGP key IDs, if unset use the normal 32-bit key IDs.
   NOTE: Internally, NeoMutt has transitioned to using fingerprints (or
   long key IDs as a fallback). This option now only controls the display
   of key IDs in the key selection menu and a few other places. (PGP only)

3.264. pgp_mime_auto

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   This option controls whether NeoMutt will prompt you for automatically
   sending a (signed/encrypted) message using PGP/MIME when inline
   (traditional) fails (for any reason).

   Also note that using the old-style PGP message format is strongly
   deprecated. (PGP only)

3.265. pgp_reply_inline

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Setting this variable will cause NeoMutt to always attempt to create an
   inline (traditional) message when replying to a message which is PGP
   encrypted/signed inline. This can be overridden by use of the pgp menu,
   when inline is not required. This option does not automatically detect
   if the (replied-to) message is inline; instead it relies on NeoMutt
   internals for previously checked/flagged messages.

   Note that NeoMutt might automatically use PGP/MIME for messages which
   consist of more than a single MIME part. NeoMutt can be configured to
   ask before sending PGP/MIME messages when inline (traditional) would
   not work.

   Also see the $pgp_mime_auto variable.

   Also note that using the old-style PGP message format is strongly
   deprecated. (PGP only)

3.266. pgp_retainable_sigs

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, signed and encrypted messages will consist of nested
   multipart/signed and multipart/encrypted body parts.

   This is useful for applications like encrypted and signed mailing
   lists, where the outer layer (multipart/encrypted) can be easily
   removed, while the inner multipart/signed part is retained. (PGP only)

3.267. pgp_self_encrypt

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, PGP encrypted messages will also be encrypted using the key
   in $pgp_default_key. (PGP only)

3.268. pgp_show_unusable

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, NeoMutt will display non-usable keys on the PGP key selection
   menu. This includes keys which have been revoked, have expired, or have
   been marked as "disabled" by the user. (PGP only)

3.269. pgp_sign_as

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   If you have a different key pair to use for signing, you should set
   this to the signing key. Most people will only need to set
   $pgp_default_key. It is recommended that you use the keyid form to
   specify your key (e.g. 0x00112233). (PGP only)

3.270. pgp_sign_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to create the detached PGP signature for a
   multipart/signed PGP/MIME body part.

   This is a format string, see the $pgp_decode_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only)

3.271. pgp_strict_enc

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, NeoMutt will automatically encode PGP/MIME signed messages as
   quoted-printable. Please note that unsetting this variable may lead to
   problems with non-verifyable PGP signatures, so only change this if you
   know what you are doing. (PGP only)

3.272. pgp_timeout

   Type: number (long)
   Default: 300

   The number of seconds after which a cached passphrase will expire if
   not used. (PGP only)

3.273. pgp_use_gpg_agent

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, NeoMutt expects a gpg-agent(1) process will handle private key
   passphrase prompts. If unset, NeoMutt will prompt for the passphrase
   and pass it via stdin to the pgp command.

   Note that as of version 2.1, GnuPG automatically spawns an agent and
   requires the agent be used for passphrase management. Since that
   version is increasingly prevalent, this variable now defaults set.

   NeoMutt works with a GUI or curses pinentry program. A TTY pinentry
   should not be used.

   If you are using an older version of GnuPG without an agent running, or
   another encryption program without an agent, you will need to unset
   this variable. (PGP only)

3.274. pgp_verify_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to verify PGP signatures.

   This is a format string, see the $pgp_decode_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only)

3.275. pgp_verify_key_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to verify key information from the key selection
   menu.

   This is a format string, see the $pgp_decode_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (PGP only)

3.276. pipe_decode

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Used in connection with the <pipe-message> function. When unset,
   NeoMutt will pipe the messages without any preprocessing. When set,
   NeoMutt will attempt to decode the messages first.

   Also see $pipe_decode_weed, which controls whether headers will be
   weeded when this is set.

3.277. pipe_decode_weed

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   For <pipe-message>, when $pipe_decode is set, this further controls
   whether NeoMutt will weed headers.

3.278. pipe_sep

   Type: string
   Default: "\n"

   The separator to add between messages when piping a list of tagged
   messages to an external Unix command.

3.279. pipe_split

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Used in connection with the <pipe-message> function following
   <tag-prefix>. If this variable is unset, when piping a list of tagged
   messages NeoMutt will concatenate the messages and will pipe them all
   concatenated. When set, NeoMutt will pipe the messages one by one. In
   both cases the messages are piped in the current sorted order, and the
   $pipe_sep separator is added after each message.

3.280. pop_auth_try_all

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, NeoMutt will try all available authentication methods. When
   unset, NeoMutt will only fall back to other authentication methods if
   the previous methods are unavailable. If a method is available but
   authentication fails, NeoMutt will not connect to the POP server.

3.281. pop_authenticators

   Type: string list
   Default: (empty)

   This is a colon-separated list of authentication methods NeoMutt may
   attempt to use to log in to an POP server, in the order NeoMutt should
   try them. Authentication methods are either "user", "apop" or any SASL
   mechanism, e.g. "digest-md5", "gssapi" or "cram-md5". This option is
   case-insensitive. If this option is unset (the default) NeoMutt will
   try all available methods, in order from most-secure to least-secure.

   Example:
set pop_authenticators="digest-md5:apop:user"

3.282. pop_check_interval

   Type: number
   Default: 60

   This variable configures how often (in seconds) NeoMutt should look for
   new mail in the currently selected mailbox if it is a POP mailbox.

3.283. pop_delete

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-no

   If set, NeoMutt will delete successfully downloaded messages from the
   POP server when using the <fetch-mail> function. When unset, NeoMutt
   will download messages but also leave them on the POP server.

3.284. pop_host

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   The name of your POP server for the <fetch-mail> function. You can also
   specify an alternative port, username and password, i.e.:
[pop[s]://][username[:password]@]popserver[:port]

   where "[...]" denotes an optional part.

3.285. pop_last

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If this variable is set, NeoMutt will try to use the "LAST" POP command
   for retrieving only unread messages from the POP server when using the
   <fetch-mail> function.

3.286. pop_oauth_refresh_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   The command to run to generate an OAUTH refresh token for authorizing
   your connection to your POP server. This command will be run on every
   connection attempt that uses the OAUTHBEARER authentication mechanism.
   See "oauth" for details.

3.287. pop_pass

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Specifies the password for your POP account. If unset, NeoMutt will
   prompt you for your password when you open a POP mailbox.

   Warning: you should only use this option when you are on a fairly
   secure machine, because the superuser can read your neomuttrc even if
   you are the only one who can read the file.

3.288. pop_reconnect

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   Controls whether or not NeoMutt will try to reconnect to the POP server
   if the connection is lost.

3.289. pop_user

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Your login name on the POP server.

   This variable defaults to your user name on the local machine.

3.290. post_moderated

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   If set to yes, NeoMutt will post article to newsgroup that have not
   permissions to posting (e.g. moderated). Note: if news server does not
   support posting to that newsgroup or totally read-only, that posting
   will not have an effect.

3.291. postpone

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   Controls whether or not messages are saved in the $postponed mailbox
   when you elect not to send immediately. If set to ask-yes or ask-no,
   you will be prompted with "Save (postpone) draft message?" when
   quitting from the "compose" screen.

   Also see the $recall variable.

3.292. postpone_encrypt

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, postponed messages that are marked for encryption will be
   self-encrypted. NeoMutt will first try to encrypt using the value
   specified in $pgp_default_key or $smime_default_key. If those are not
   set, it will try the deprecated $postpone_encrypt_as. (Crypto only)

3.293. postpone_encrypt_as

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   This is a deprecated fall-back variable for $postpone_encrypt. Please
   use $pgp_default_key or $smime_default_key. (Crypto only)

3.294. postponed

   Type: mailbox
   Default: "~/postponed"

   NeoMutt allows you to indefinitely "postpone sending a message" which
   you are editing. When you choose to postpone a message, NeoMutt saves
   it in the mailbox specified by this variable.

   Also see the $postpone variable.

3.295. preconnect

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   If set, a shell command to be executed if NeoMutt fails to establish a
   connection to the server. This is useful for setting up secure
   connections, e.g. with ssh(1). If the command returns a nonzero status,
   NeoMutt gives up opening the server. Example:
set preconnect="ssh -f -q -L 1234:mailhost.net:143 mailhost.net \
sleep 20 < /dev/null > /dev/null"

   Mailbox "foo" on "mailhost.net" can now be reached as
   "{localhost:1234}foo".

   Note: For this example to work, you must be able to log in to the
   remote machine without having to enter a password.

3.296. preferred_languages

   Type: string list
   Default: (empty)

   This variable specifies a list of comma-separated languages. RFC8255 :
   user preferred languages to be searched in parts and display. Example:
set preferred_languages="en,fr,de"

3.297. print

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-no

   Controls whether or not NeoMutt really prints messages. This is set to
   "ask-no" by default, because some people accidentally hit "p" often.

3.298. print_command

   Type: command
   Default: "lpr"

   This specifies the command pipe that should be used to print messages.

3.299. print_decode

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Used in connection with the <print-message> function. If this option is
   set, the message is decoded before it is passed to the external command
   specified by $print_command. If this option is unset, no processing
   will be applied to the message when printing it. The latter setting may
   be useful if you are using some advanced printer filter which is able
   to properly format e-mail messages for printing.

   Also see $print_decode_weed, which controls whether headers will be
   weeded when this is set.

3.300. print_decode_weed

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   For <print-message>, when $print_decode is set, this further controls
   whether NeoMutt will weed headers.

3.301. print_split

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Used in connection with the <print-message> function. If this option is
   set, the command specified by $print_command is executed once for each
   message which is to be printed. If this option is unset, the command
   specified by $print_command is executed only once, and all the messages
   are concatenated, with a form feed as the message separator.

   Those who use the enscript(1) program's mail-printing mode will most
   likely want to set this option.

3.302. prompt_after

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If you use an external $pager, setting this variable will cause NeoMutt
   to prompt you for a command when the pager exits rather than returning
   to the index menu. If unset, NeoMutt will return to the index menu when
   the external pager exits.

3.303. query_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This specifies the command NeoMutt will use to make external address
   queries. The string may contain a "%s", which will be substituted with
   the query string the user types. NeoMutt will add quotes around the
   string substituted for "%s" automatically according to shell quoting
   rules, so you should avoid adding your own. If no "%s" is found in the
   string, NeoMutt will append the user's query to the end of the string.
   See "query" (https://neomutt.org/guide/advancedusage.html#query) for
   more information.

3.304. query_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%3i %t %-25N %-25E | %C%> %Y"

   This variable describes the format of the "query" menu. The following
   printf(3)-style sequences are understood:
   %A  Full Address (Name and Email)
   %C  Comment
   %E  Email Address
   %i  Index number
   %N  Real name
   %t  Alias is tagged (selected)
   %Y  User-defined tags (labels)
   %>X Right justify the rest of the string and pad with "X"
   %|X Pad to the end of the line with "X"
   %*X Soft-fill with character "X" as pad

   For an explanation of "soft-fill", see the $index_format documentation.

   The following sequences are deprecated; they will be removed in the
   future.
   %a Use %E instead
   %c Use %i instead
   %e Use %C instead
   %n Use %N instead

3.305. quit

   Type: quadoption
   Default: yes

   This variable controls whether "quit" and "exit" actually quit from
   NeoMutt. If this option is set, they do quit, if it is unset, they have
   no effect, and if it is set to ask-yes or ask-no, you are prompted for
   confirmation when you try to quit.

   In order to quit from NeoMutt if this variable is unset, you must send
   the signal SIGINT to NeoMutt. This can usually be achieved by pressing
   CTRL-C in the terminal.

3.306. quote_regex

   Type: regular expression
   Default: "^([ \t]*[|>:}#])+"

   A regular expression used in the internal pager to determine quoted
   sections of text in the body of a message. Quoted text may be filtered
   out using the <toggle-quoted> command, or colored according to the
   "color quoted" family of directives.

   Higher levels of quoting may be colored differently ("color quoted1",
   "color quoted2", etc.). The quoting level is determined by removing the
   last character from the matched text and recursively reapplying the
   regular expression until it fails to produce a match.

   Match detection may be overridden by the $smileys regular expression.

3.307. read_inc

   Type: number
   Default: 10

   If set to a value greater than 0, NeoMutt will display which message it
   is currently on when reading a mailbox or when performing search
   actions such as search and limit. The message is printed after this
   many messages have been read or searched (e.g., if set to 25, NeoMutt
   will print a message when it is at message 25, and then again when it
   gets to message 50). This variable is meant to indicate progress when
   reading or searching large mailboxes which may take some time. When set
   to 0, only a single message will appear before the reading the mailbox.

   Also see the $write_inc, $net_inc and $time_inc variables and the
   "tuning" section of the manual for performance considerations.

3.308. read_only

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, all folders are opened in read-only mode.

3.309. real_name

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   This variable specifies what "real" or "personal" name should be used
   when sending messages.

   If not specified, then the user's "real name" will be read from
   /etc/passwd. This option will not be used, if "$from" is set.

3.310. recall

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   Controls whether or not NeoMutt recalls postponed messages when
   composing a new message.

   Setting this variable to yes is not generally useful, and thus not
   recommended. Note that the <recall-message> function can be used to
   manually recall postponed messages.

   Also see $postponed variable.

3.311. record

   Type: mailbox
   Default: "~/sent"

   This specifies the file into which your outgoing messages should be
   appended. (This is meant as the primary method for saving a copy of
   your messages, but another way to do this is using the "my_hdr" command
   to create a "Bcc:" field with your email address in it.)

   The value of $record is overridden by the $force_name and $save_name
   variables, and the "fcc-hook" command. Also see $copy and $write_bcc.

3.312. reflow_space_quotes

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   This option controls how quotes from format=flowed messages are
   displayed in the pager and when replying (with $text_flowed unset).
   When set, this option adds spaces after each level of quote marks,
   turning ">>>foo" into "> > > foo".

   Note: If $reflow_text is unset, this option has no effect. Also, this
   option does not affect replies when $text_flowed is set.

3.313. reflow_text

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will reformat paragraphs in text/plain parts marked
   format=flowed. If unset, NeoMutt will display paragraphs unaltered from
   how they appear in the message body. See RFC3676 for details on the
   format=flowed format.

   Also see $reflow_wrap, and $wrap.

3.314. reflow_wrap

   Type: number
   Default: 78

   This variable controls the maximum paragraph width when reformatting
   text/plain parts when $reflow_text is set. When the value is 0,
   paragraphs will be wrapped at the terminal's right margin. A positive
   value sets the paragraph width relative to the left margin. A negative
   value set the paragraph width relative to the right margin.

   Be aware that the reformatted lines of a paragraph are still subject to
   $wrap. This means if $reflow_wrap is 40 and $wrap is 30, then the
   paragraph gets reformatted to 40 characters a line (due to
   $reflow_wrap) and afterwards each 40-character-line is split at 30
   characters (due to $wrap), resulting in alternating line lengths of 30
   and 10 characters.

   Also see $wrap.

3.315. reply_regex

   Type: regular expression
   Default: "^((re|aw|sv)(\[[0-9]+\])*:[ \t]*)*"

   A regular expression used to recognize reply messages when threading
   and replying. The default value corresponds to the standard Latin "Re:"
   prefix.

   This value may have been localized by the translator for your locale,
   adding other prefixes that are common in the locale. You can add your
   own prefixes by appending inside "^(re)". For example: "^(re|sv)" or
   "^(re|aw|sv)".

   The second parenthesized expression matches zero or more bracketed
   numbers following the prefix, such as "Re[1]: ". The initial "\\["
   means a literal left-bracket character. Note the backslash must be
   doubled when used inside a double quoted string in the neomuttrc.
   "[0-9]+" means one or more numbers. "\\]" means a literal
   right-bracket. Finally the whole parenthesized expression has a "*"
   suffix, meaning it can occur zero or more times.

   The last part matches a colon followed by an optional space or tab.
   Note "\t" is converted to a literal tab inside a double quoted string.
   If you use a single quoted string, you would have to type an actual tab
   character, and would need to convert the double-backslashes to single
   backslashes.

   Note: the result of this regex match against the subject is stored in
   the header cache. Mutt isn't smart enough to invalidate a header cache
   entry based on changing $reply_regex, so if you aren't seeing correct
   values in the index, try temporarily turning off the header cache. If
   that fixes the problem, then once the variable is set to your liking,
   remove your stale header cache files and turn the header cache back on.

3.316. reply_self

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If unset and you are replying to a message sent by you, NeoMutt will
   assume that you want to reply to the recipients of that message rather
   than to yourself.

   Also see the "alternates" command.

3.317. reply_to

   Type: quadoption
   Default: ask-yes

   If set, when replying to a message, NeoMutt will use the address listed
   in the Reply-to: header as the recipient of the reply. If unset, it
   will use the address in the From: header field instead. This option is
   useful for reading a mailing list that sets the Reply-To: header field
   to the list address and you want to send a private message to the
   author of a message.

3.318. reply_with_xorig

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   This variable provides a toggle. When active, the From: header will be
   extracted from the current mail's 'X-Original-To:' header. This setting
   does not have precedence over "reverse_real_name".

   Assuming 'fast_reply' is disabled, this option will prompt the user
   with a prefilled From: header.

3.319. resolve

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, the cursor in a list will be automatically advanced to the
   next (possibly undeleted) message/attachment/entry whenever a command
   that modifies the current message/attachment/entry is executed.

   Examples of such commands are tagging a message, deleting an entry, or
   saving an attachment.

3.320. resume_draft_files

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, draft files (specified by -H on the command line) are processed
   similarly to when resuming a postponed message. Recipients are not
   prompted for; send-hooks are not evaluated; no alias expansion takes
   place; user-defined headers and signatures are not added to the
   message.

3.321. resume_edited_draft_files

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, draft files previously edited (via -E -H on the command line)
   will have $resume_draft_files automatically set when they are used as a
   draft file again.

   The first time a draft file is saved, NeoMutt will add a header,
   X-Mutt-Resume-Draft to the saved file. The next time the draft file is
   read in, if NeoMutt sees the header, it will set $resume_draft_files.

   This option is designed to prevent multiple signatures, user-defined
   headers, and other processing effects from being made multiple times to
   the draft file.

3.322. reverse_alias

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   This variable controls whether or not NeoMutt will display the
   "personal" name from your aliases in the index menu if it finds an
   alias that matches the message's sender. For example, if you have the
   following alias:
alias juser abd30425@somewhere.net (Joe User)

   and then you receive mail which contains the following header:
From: abd30425@somewhere.net

   It would be displayed in the index menu as "Joe User" instead of
   "abd30425@somewhere.net." This is useful when the person's e-mail
   address is not human friendly.

3.323. reverse_name

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   It may sometimes arrive that you receive mail to a certain machine,
   move the messages to another machine, and reply to some the messages
   from there. If this variable is set, the default From: line of the
   reply messages is built using the address where you received the
   messages you are replying to if that address matches your "alternates".
   If the variable is unset, or the address that would be used doesn't
   match your "alternates", the From: line will use your address on the
   current machine.

   Also see the "alternates" command and $reverse_real_name.

3.324. reverse_real_name

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   This variable fine-tunes the behavior of the $reverse_name feature.

   When it is unset, NeoMutt will remove the real name part of a matching
   address. This allows the use of the email address without having to
   also use what the sender put in the real name field.

   When it is set, NeoMutt will use the matching address as-is.

   In either case, a missing real name will be filled in afterwards using
   the value of $real_name.

3.325. rfc2047_parameters

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When this variable is set, NeoMutt will decode RFC2047-encoded MIME
   parameters. You want to set this variable when NeoMutt suggests you to
   save attachments to files named like:
=?iso-8859-1?Q?file=5F=E4=5F991116=2Ezip?=
=?utf-8?Q?z=C4=99ta.png?=

   When this variable is set interactively, the change won't be active
   until you change folders.

   Note that this use of RFC2047's encoding is explicitly prohibited by
   the standard, but nevertheless encountered in the wild and produced by,
   e.g., Outlook.

   Also note that setting this parameter will not have the effect that
   NeoMutt generates this kind of encoding. Instead, NeoMutt will
   unconditionally use the encoding specified in RFC2231.

3.326. save_address

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, NeoMutt will take the sender's full address when choosing a
   default folder for saving a mail. If $save_name or $force_name is set
   too, the selection of the Fcc folder will be changed as well.

3.327. save_empty

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When unset, mailboxes which contain no saved messages will be removed
   when closed (the exception is $spool_file which is never removed). If
   set, mailboxes are never removed.

   Note: This only applies to mbox and MMDF folders, NeoMutt does not
   delete MH and Maildir directories.

3.328. save_history

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   This variable controls the size of the history (per category) saved in
   the $history_file file.

   Setting this to a value greater than $history is possible. However,
   there will never be more than $history entries to select from even if
   more are recorded in the history file.

3.329. save_name

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   This variable controls how copies of outgoing messages are saved. When
   set, a check is made to see if a mailbox specified by the recipient
   address exists (this is done by searching for a mailbox in the $folder
   directory with the username part of the recipient address). If the
   mailbox exists, the outgoing message will be saved to that mailbox,
   otherwise the message is saved to the $record mailbox.

   Also see the $force_name variable.

3.330. save_unsubscribed

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, info about unsubscribed newsgroups will be saved into
   "newsrc" file and into cache.

3.331. score

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When this variable is unset, scoring is turned off. This can be useful
   to selectively disable scoring for certain folders when the
   $score_threshold_delete variable and related are used.

3.332. score_threshold_delete

   Type: number
   Default: -1

   Messages which have been assigned a score equal to or lower than the
   value of this variable are automatically marked for deletion by
   NeoMutt. Since NeoMutt scores are always greater than or equal to zero,
   the default setting of this variable will never mark a message for
   deletion.

3.333. score_threshold_flag

   Type: number
   Default: 9999

   Messages which have been assigned a score greater than or equal to this
   variable's value are automatically marked "flagged".

3.334. score_threshold_read

   Type: number
   Default: -1

   Messages which have been assigned a score equal to or lower than the
   value of this variable are automatically marked as read by NeoMutt.
   Since NeoMutt scores are always greater than or equal to zero, the
   default setting of this variable will never mark a message read.

3.335. search_context

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   For the pager, this variable specifies the number of lines shown before
   search results. By default, search results will be top-aligned.

3.336. send_charset

   Type: string list
   Default: "us-ascii:iso-8859-1:utf-8"

   A colon-delimited list of character sets for outgoing messages. NeoMutt
   will use the first character set into which the text can be converted
   exactly. If your $charset is not "iso-8859-1" and recipients may not
   understand "UTF-8", it is advisable to include in the list an
   appropriate widely used standard character set (such as "iso-8859-2",
   "koi8-r" or "iso-2022-jp") either instead of or after "iso-8859-1".

   In case the text can't be converted into one of these exactly, NeoMutt
   uses $charset as a fallback.

3.337. sendmail

   Type: command
   Default: "/usr/sbin/sendmail -oem -oi"

   Specifies the program and arguments used to deliver mail sent by
   NeoMutt. NeoMutt expects that the specified program interprets
   additional arguments as recipient addresses. NeoMutt appends all
   recipients after adding a -- delimiter (if not already present).
   Additional flags, such as for $use_8bit_mime, $use_envelope_from,
   $dsn_notify, or $dsn_return will be added before the delimiter.

   Note: This command is invoked differently from most other commands in
   NeoMutt. It is tokenized by space, and invoked directly via execvp(3)
   with an array of arguments - so commands or arguments with spaces in
   them are not supported. The shell is not used to run the command, so
   shell quoting is also not supported.

   See also: $write_bcc.

3.338. sendmail_wait

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   Specifies the number of seconds to wait for the $sendmail process to
   finish before giving up and putting delivery in the background.

   NeoMutt interprets the value of this variable as follows:
   >0 number of seconds to wait for sendmail to finish before continuing
   0  wait forever for sendmail to finish
   <0 always put sendmail in the background without waiting

   Note that if you specify a value other than 0, the output of the child
   process will be put in a temporary file. If there is some error, you
   will be informed as to where to find the output.

3.339. shell

   Type: command
   Default: "/bin/sh"

   Command to use when spawning a subshell. If not specified, then the
   user's login shell from /etc/passwd is used.

3.340. show_multipart_alternative

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   When set to info, the multipart/alternative information is shown. When
   set to inline, all of the alternatives are displayed. When not set, the
   default behavior is to show only the chosen alternative.

3.341. show_new_news

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, news server will be asked for new newsgroups on entering the
   browser. Otherwise, it will be done only once for a news server. Also
   controls whether or not number of new articles of subscribed newsgroups
   will be then checked.

3.342. show_only_unread

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, only subscribed newsgroups that contain unread articles will be
   displayed in browser.

3.343. sidebar_component_depth

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   By default the sidebar will show the mailbox's path, relative to the
   $folder variable. This specifies the number of parent directories to
   hide from display in the sidebar. For example: If a maildir is normally
   displayed in the sidebar as dir1/dir2/dir3/maildir, setting
   sidebar_component_depth=2 will display it as dir3/maildir, having
   truncated the 2 highest directories.

   See also: $sidebar_short_path

3.344. sidebar_delim_chars

   Type: string
   Default: "/."

   This contains the list of characters which you would like to treat as
   folder separators for displaying paths in the sidebar.

   Local mail is often arranged in directories: 'dir1/dir2/mailbox'.
set sidebar_delim_chars='/'

   IMAP mailboxes are often named: 'folder1.folder2.mailbox'.
set sidebar_delim_chars='.'

   See also: $sidebar_short_path, $sidebar_folder_indent,
   $sidebar_indent_string.

3.345. sidebar_divider_char

   Type: string
   Default: "|"

   The default is a Unicode vertical line.

   This specifies the characters to be drawn between the sidebar (when
   visible) and the other NeoMutt panels. ASCII and Unicode line-drawing
   characters are supported.

   The divider char can be set to an empty string for some extra space. If
   empty, setting the sidebar_background color may help distinguish the
   sidebar from other panels.

3.346. sidebar_folder_indent

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Set this to indent mailboxes in the sidebar.

   See also: $sidebar_short_path, $sidebar_indent_string,
   $sidebar_delim_chars.

3.347. sidebar_format

   Type: string
   Default: "%D%*  %n"

   This variable allows you to customize the sidebar display. This string
   is similar to $index_format, but has its own set of printf(3)-like
   sequences:
   %a Alert: 1 if user is notified of new mail
   %B Name of the mailbox
   %d * @ Number of deleted messages in the mailbox
   %D Descriptive name of the mailbox
   %F * Number of flagged messages in the mailbox
   %L * @ Number of messages after limiting
   %n "N" if mailbox has new mail, " " (space) otherwise
   %N * Number of unread messages in the mailbox (seen or unseen)
   %o * Number of old messages in the mailbox (unread, seen)
   %p Poll: 1 if Mailbox is checked for new mail
   %r * Number of read messages in the mailbox (read, seen)
   %S * Size of mailbox (total number of messages)
   %t * @ Number of tagged messages in the mailbox
   %Z * Number of new messages in the mailbox (unread, unseen)
   %! "!" : one flagged message; "!!" : two flagged messages; "n!" : n
   flagged messages (for n > 2). Otherwise prints nothing.
   %>X   Right justify the rest of the string and pad with "X"
   %|X   Pad to the end of the line with "X"
   %*X   Soft-fill with character "X" as pad

   * = Can be optionally printed if nonzero

   @ = Only applicable to the current folder

   In order to use %S, %N, %F, and %!, $mail_check_stats must be set. When
   thus set, a suggested value for this option is "%B%<F? [%F]>%*
   %<N?%N/>%S".

3.348. sidebar_indent_string

   Type: string
   Default: "  "

   This specifies the string that is used to indent mailboxes in the
   sidebar. It defaults to two spaces.

   See also: $sidebar_short_path, $sidebar_folder_indent,
   $sidebar_delim_chars.

3.349. sidebar_new_mail_only

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, the sidebar will only display mailboxes containing new, or
   flagged, mail.

   See also: sidebar_pin, $sidebar_non_empty_mailbox_only.

3.350. sidebar_next_new_wrap

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, the <sidebar-next-new> command will not stop at the end of
   the list of mailboxes, but wrap around to the beginning. The
   <sidebar-prev-new> command is similarly affected, wrapping around to
   the end of the list.

3.351. sidebar_non_empty_mailbox_only

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, the sidebar will only display mailboxes that contain one or
   more mails.

   See also: $sidebar_new_mail_only, sidebar_pin.

3.352. sidebar_on_right

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, the sidebar will appear on the right-hand side of the screen.

3.353. sidebar_short_path

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   By default the sidebar will show the mailbox's path, relative to the
   $folder variable. Setting sidebar_shortpath=yes will shorten the names
   relative to the previous name. Here's an example:
   shortpath=no shortpath=yes shortpath=yes, folderindent=yes,
   indentstr=".."
   fruit fruit fruit
   fruit.apple apple ..apple
   fruit.banana banana ..banana
   fruit.cherry cherry ..cherry

   See also: $sidebar_delim_chars, $sidebar_folder_indent,
   $sidebar_indent_string, $sidebar_component_depth.

3.354. sidebar_sort

   Type: sort order
   Default: unsorted

   Specifies how to sort mailbox entries in the sidebar.
   Value    Sort by
   count    Total message count
   desc     Mailbox description
   flagged  Count of flagged messages
   path     Mailbox path (alphabetically)
   unread   Count of unread messages
   unsorted The order the mailboxes were configured

   Deprecated Value Use this instead
   alpha            path
   mailbox-order    unsorted
   name             path
   new              unread

3.355. sidebar_visible

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   This specifies whether or not to show sidebar. The sidebar shows a list
   of all your mailboxes.

   See also: $sidebar_format, $sidebar_width

3.356. sidebar_width

   Type: number
   Default: 30

   This controls the width of the sidebar. It is measured in screen
   columns. For example: sidebar_width=20 could display 20 ASCII
   characters, or 10 Chinese characters.

3.357. sig_dashes

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, a line containing "-- " (note the trailing space) will be
   inserted before your $signature. It is strongly recommended that you
   not unset this variable unless your signature contains just your name.
   The reason for this is because many software packages use "-- \n" to
   detect your signature. For example, NeoMutt has the ability to
   highlight the signature in a different color in the built-in pager.

3.358. sig_on_top

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, the signature will be included before any quoted or forwarded
   text. It is strongly recommended that you do not set this variable
   unless you really know what you are doing, and are prepared to take
   some heat from netiquette guardians.

3.359. signature

   Type: path
   Default: "~/.signature"

   Specifies the filename of your signature, which is appended to all
   outgoing messages. If the filename ends with a pipe ("|"), it is
   assumed that filename is a shell command and input should be read from
   its standard output.

3.360. simple_search

   Type: string
   Default: "~f %s | ~s %s"

   Specifies how NeoMutt should expand a simple search into a real search
   pattern. A simple search is one that does not contain any of the "~"
   pattern operators. See "patterns" for more information on search
   patterns.

   simple_search applies to several functions, e.g. <delete-pattern>,
   <limit>, searching in the index, and all of the index colors.

   For example, if you simply type "joe" at a search or limit prompt,
   NeoMutt will automatically expand it to the value specified by this
   variable by replacing "%s" with the supplied string. For the default
   value, "joe" would be expanded to: "~f joe | ~s joe".

3.361. size_show_bytes

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, message sizes will display bytes for values less than 1
   kilobyte. See formatstrings-size.

3.362. size_show_fractions

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, message sizes will be displayed with a single decimal value for
   sizes from 0 to 10 kilobytes and 1 to 10 megabytes. See
   formatstrings-size.

3.363. size_show_mb

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set, message sizes will display megabytes for values greater than or
   equal to 1 megabyte. See formatstrings-size.

3.364. size_units_on_left

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, message sizes units will be displayed to the left of the
   number. See formatstrings-size.

3.365. sleep_time

   Type: number
   Default: 1

   Specifies time, in seconds, to pause while displaying certain
   informational messages, while moving from folder to folder and after
   expunging messages from the current folder. The default is to pause one
   second, so a value of zero for this option suppresses the pause.

3.366. smart_wrap

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Controls the display of lines longer than the screen width in the
   internal pager. If set, long lines are wrapped at a word boundary. If
   unset, lines are simply wrapped at the screen edge. Also see the
   $markers variable.

3.367. smileys

   Type: regular expression
   Default: "(>From )|(:[-^]?[][)(><}{|/DP])"

   The pager uses this variable to catch some common false positives of
   $quote_regex, most notably smileys and not consider a line quoted text
   if it also matches $smileys. This mostly happens at the beginning of a
   line.

3.368. smime_ask_cert_label

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   This flag controls whether you want to be asked to enter a label for a
   certificate about to be added to the database or not. It is set by
   default. (S/MIME only)

3.369. smime_ca_location

   Type: path
   Default: (empty)

   This variable contains the name of either a directory, or a file which
   contains trusted certificates for use with OpenSSL. (S/MIME only)

3.370. smime_certificates

   Type: path
   Default: (empty)

   Since for S/MIME there is no pubring/secring as with PGP, NeoMutt has
   to handle storage and retrieval of keys by itself. This is very basic
   right now, and keys and certificates are stored in two different
   directories, both named as the hash-value retrieved from OpenSSL. There
   is an index file which contains mailbox-address keyid pairs, and which
   can be manually edited. This option points to the location of the
   certificates. (S/MIME only)

3.371. smime_decrypt_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This format string specifies a command which is used to decrypt
   application/pkcs7-mime attachments.

   The OpenSSL command formats have their own set of printf(3)-like
   sequences similar to PGP's:
   %a The algorithm used for encryption.
   %c One or more certificate IDs.
   %C CA location: Depending on whether $smime_ca_location points to a
   directory or file, this expands to "-CApath $smime_ca_location" or
   "-CAfile $smime_ca_location".
   %d The message digest algorithm specified with $smime_sign_digest_alg.
   %f Expands to the name of a file containing a message.
   %i Intermediate certificates
   %k The key-pair specified with $smime_default_key
   %s Expands to the name of a file containing the signature part of a
   multipart/signed attachment when verifying it.

   For examples on how to configure these formats, see the smime.rc in the
   samples/ subdirectory which has been installed on your system alongside
   the documentation. (S/MIME only)

3.372. smime_decrypt_use_default_key

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set (default) this tells NeoMutt to use the default key for
   decryption. Otherwise, if managing multiple certificate-key-pairs,
   NeoMutt will try to use the mailbox-address to determine the key to
   use. It will ask you to supply a key, if it can't find one. (S/MIME
   only)

3.373. smime_default_key

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   This is the default key-pair to use for S/MIME operations, and must be
   set to the keyid (the hash-value that OpenSSL generates) to work
   properly.

   It will be used for encryption (see $postpone_encrypt and
   $smime_self_encrypt). If GPGME is enabled, this is the key id displayed
   by gpgsm.

   It will be used for decryption unless $smime_decrypt_use_default_key is
   unset.

   It will also be used for signing unless $smime_sign_as is set.

   The (now deprecated) smime_self_encrypt_as is an alias for this
   variable, and should no longer be used. (S/MIME only)

3.374. smime_encrypt_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to create encrypted S/MIME messages.

   This is a format string, see the $smime_decrypt_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only)

   Encrypt the message to $smime_default_key too. (S/MIME only)

3.375. smime_encrypt_with

   Type: string
   Default: "aes256"

   This sets the algorithm that should be used for encryption. Valid
   choices are "aes128", "aes192", "aes256", "des", "des3", "rc2-40",
   "rc2-64", "rc2-128". (S/MIME only)

3.376. smime_get_cert_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to extract X509 certificates from a PKCS7
   structure.

   This is a format string, see the $smime_decrypt_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only)

3.377. smime_get_cert_email_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to extract the mail address(es) used for storing
   X509 certificates, and for verification purposes (to check whether the
   certificate was issued for the sender's mailbox).

   This is a format string, see the $smime_decrypt_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only)

3.378. smime_get_signer_cert_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to extract only the signers X509 certificate from
   a S/MIME signature, so that the certificate's owner may get compared to
   the email's "From:" field.

   This is a format string, see the $smime_decrypt_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only)

3.379. smime_import_cert_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to import a certificate via smime_keys.

   This is a format string, see the $smime_decrypt_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. NOTE: %c and %k will default to
   $smime_sign_as if set, otherwise $smime_default_key. (S/MIME only)

3.380. smime_is_default

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   The default behavior of NeoMutt is to use PGP on all
   auto-sign/encryption operations. To override and to use OpenSSL instead
   this must be set. However, this has no effect while replying, since
   NeoMutt will automatically select the same application that was used to
   sign/encrypt the original message. (Note that this variable can be
   overridden by unsetting $crypt_auto_smime.) (S/MIME only)

3.381. smime_keys

   Type: path
   Default: (empty)

   Since for S/MIME there is no pubring/secring as with PGP, NeoMutt has
   to handle storage and retrieval of keys/certs by itself. This is very
   basic right now, and stores keys and certificates in two different
   directories, both named as the hash-value retrieved from OpenSSL. There
   is an index file which contains mailbox-address keyid pair, and which
   can be manually edited. This option points to the location of the
   private keys. (S/MIME only)

3.382. smime_pk7out_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to extract PKCS7 structures of S/MIME signatures,
   in order to extract the public X509 certificate(s).

   This is a format string, see the $smime_decrypt_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only)

3.383. smime_self_encrypt

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, S/MIME encrypted messages will also be encrypted using the
   certificate in $smime_default_key. (S/MIME only)

3.384. smime_sign_as

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   If you have a separate key to use for signing, you should set this to
   the signing key. Most people will only need to set $smime_default_key.
   (S/MIME only)

3.385. smime_sign_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to created S/MIME signatures of type
   multipart/signed, which can be read by all mail clients.

   This is a format string, see the $smime_decrypt_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only)

3.386. smime_sign_digest_alg

   Type: string
   Default: "sha256"

   This sets the algorithm that should be used for the signature message
   digest. Valid choices are "md5", "sha1", "sha224", "sha256", "sha384",
   "sha512". (S/MIME only)

3.387. smime_timeout

   Type: number
   Default: 300

   The number of seconds after which a cached passphrase will expire if
   not used. (S/MIME only)

3.388. smime_verify_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to verify S/MIME signatures of type
   multipart/signed.

   This is a format string, see the $smime_decrypt_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only)

3.389. smime_verify_opaque_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   This command is used to verify S/MIME signatures of type
   application/pkcs7-mime.

   This is a format string, see the $smime_decrypt_command command for
   possible printf(3)-like sequences. (S/MIME only)

3.390. smtp_authenticators

   Type: string list
   Default: (empty)

   This is a colon-separated list of authentication methods NeoMutt may
   attempt to use to log in to an SMTP server, in the order NeoMutt should
   try them. Authentication methods are any SASL mechanism, e.g. "plain",
   "digest-md5", "gssapi" or "cram-md5". This option is case-insensitive.
   If it is "unset" (the default) NeoMutt will try all available methods,
   in order from most-secure to least-secure. Support for the "plain"
   mechanism is bundled; other mechanisms are provided by an external SASL
   library (look for '+sasl' in the output of neomutt -v).

   Example:
set smtp_authenticators="digest-md5:cram-md5"

3.391. smtp_oauth_refresh_command

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   The command to run to generate an OAUTH refresh token for authorizing
   your connection to your SMTP server. This command will be run on every
   connection attempt that uses the OAUTHBEARER or XOAUTH2 authentication
   mechanisms. See "oauth" for details.

3.392. smtp_pass

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Specifies the password for your SMTP account. If unset, NeoMutt will
   prompt you for your password when you first send mail via SMTP. See
   $smtp_url to configure NeoMutt to send mail via SMTP.

   Warning: you should only use this option when you are on a fairly
   secure machine, because the superuser can read your neomuttrc even if
   you are the only one who can read the file.

3.393. smtp_url

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Defines the SMTP smarthost where sent messages should relayed for
   delivery. This should take the form of an SMTP URL, e.g.:
smtp[s]://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]

   where "[...]" denotes an optional part. Setting this variable overrides
   the value of the $sendmail variable.

   Also see $write_bcc.

3.394. smtp_user

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   The username for the SMTP server.

   This variable defaults to your user name on the local machine.

3.395. socket_timeout

   Type: number
   Default: 30

   Causes NeoMutt to timeout any socket connect/read/write operation (for
   IMAP, POP or SMTP) after this many seconds. A negative value causes
   NeoMutt to wait indefinitely.

3.396. sort

   Type: sort order
   Default: date

   Specifies how to sort messages in the "index" menu.
   Value         Sort by
   date          The date the email was sent
   date-received When the message was delivered locally
   from          The email's From field
   label         The emails label
   score         The email's score
   size          The size of the email
   spam          The email's spam score
   subject       The email's subject
   threads       Email threads
   to            The email's To field
   unsorted      The order the messages appear in the mailbox

   Deprecated Value Use this instead
   date-sent        date
   mailbox-order    unsorted

   You may optionally use the "reverse-" prefix to specify reverse sorting
   order, or the "last-" prefix to sort threads based on the corresponding
   attribute of the last descendant rather than the thread root. If both
   prefixes are in use, "reverse-" must come before "last-". The "last-"
   prefix has no effect on a flat view.

   Any ties in the primary sort are broken by $sort_aux. When $use_threads
   is "threads" or "reverse", $sort controls the sorting between threads,
   and $sort_aux controls the sorting within a thread.

   The values of "threads" and "reverse-threads" are legacy options, which
   cause the value of $sort_aux to also control sorting between threads,
   and they may not be used with the "last-" prefix. The preferred way to
   enable a threaded view is via $use_threads. This variable can also be
   set via the <sort-mailbox> and <sort-reverse> functions.

   Note: When $use_threads is "threads", the last thread sorts to the
   bottom; when it is "reversed", the last thread sorts to the top. The
   use of "reverse-" in $sort swaps which end the last thread will sort
   to.

   See the "Use Threads Feature" section for further explanation and
   examples, https://neomutt.org/feature/use-threads

3.397. sort_aux

   Type: sort order
   Default: date

   This provides a secondary sort for messages in the "index" menu, used
   when the $sort value is equal for two messages.

   When sorting by threads, this variable controls how subthreads are
   sorted within a single thread (for the order between threads, see
   $sort). This can be set to any value that $sort can, including with the
   use of "reverse-" and "last-" prefixes, except for variations using
   "threads" (in that case, NeoMutt will just use "date"). For instance,
set sort_aux=last-date-received

   would mean that if a new message is received in a thread, that
   subthread becomes the last one displayed (or the first, if you have
   "set use_threads=reverse".) When using $use_threads, it is more common
   to use "last-" with $sort and not with $sort_aux.

   See the "Use Threads Feature" section for further explanation and
   examples, https://neomutt.org/feature/use-threads

3.398. sort_re

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   This variable is only useful when sorting by threads with
   $strict_threads unset. In that case, it changes the heuristic neomutt
   uses to thread messages by subject. With $sort_re set, neomutt will
   only attach a message as the child of another message by subject if the
   subject of the child message starts with a substring matching the
   setting of $reply_regex. With $sort_re unset, neomutt will attach the
   message whether or not this is the case, as long as the
   non-$reply_regex parts of both messages are identical.

3.399. spam_separator

   Type: string
   Default: ","

   This variable controls what happens when multiple spam headers are
   matched: if unset, each successive header will overwrite any previous
   matches value for the spam label. If set, each successive match will
   append to the previous, using this variable's value as a separator.

3.400. spool_file

   Type: mailbox
   Default: (empty)

   If your spool mailbox is in a non-default place where NeoMutt can't
   find it, you can specify its location with this variable. The
   description from "named-mailboxes" may be used for the spool_file.

   If not specified, then the environment variables $MAIL and $MAILDIR
   will be checked.

3.401. ssl_ciphers

   Type: string
   Default: (empty)

   Contains a colon-separated list of ciphers to use when using SSL. For
   OpenSSL, see ciphers(1) for the syntax of the string.

   For GnuTLS, this option will be used in place of "NORMAL" at the start
   of the priority string. See gnutls_priority_init(3) for the syntax and
   more details. (Note: GnuTLS version 2.1.7 or higher is required.)

3.402. ssl_client_cert

   Type: path
   Default: (empty)

   The file containing a client certificate and its associated private
   key.

3.403. ssl_force_tls

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If this variable is set, NeoMutt will require that all connections to
   remote servers be encrypted. Furthermore it will attempt to negotiate
   TLS even if the server does not advertise the capability, since it
   would otherwise have to abort the connection anyway. This option
   supersedes $ssl_starttls.

3.404. ssl_starttls

   Type: quadoption
   Default: yes

   If set (the default), NeoMutt will attempt to use STARTTLS on servers
   advertising the capability. When unset, NeoMutt will not attempt to use
   STARTTLS regardless of the server's capabilities.

   Note that STARTTLS is subject to many kinds of attacks, including the
   ability of a machine-in-the-middle to suppress the advertising of
   support. Setting $ssl_force_tls is recommended if you rely on STARTTLS.

3.405. ssl_use_system_certs

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set to yes, NeoMutt will use CA certificates in the system-wide
   certificate store when checking if a server certificate is signed by a
   trusted CA. (OpenSSL only)

3.406. ssl_use_tlsv1_2

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set , NeoMutt will use TLSv1.2 when communicating with servers that
   request it.

3.407. ssl_use_tlsv1_3

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set , NeoMutt will use TLSv1.3 when communicating with servers that
   request it.

3.408. ssl_verify_dates

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set (the default), NeoMutt will not automatically accept a server
   certificate that is either not yet valid or already expired. You should
   only unset this for particular known hosts, using the <account-hook>
   function.

3.409. ssl_verify_host

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   If set (the default), NeoMutt will not automatically accept a server
   certificate whose host name does not match the host used in your folder
   URL. You should only unset this for particular known hosts, using the
   <account-hook> function.

3.410. ssl_verify_partial_chains

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   This option should not be changed from the default unless you
   understand what you are doing.

   Setting this variable to yes will permit verifying partial
   certification chains, i. e. a certificate chain where not the root, but
   an intermediate certificate CA, or the host certificate, are marked
   trusted (in $certificate_file), without marking the root signing CA as
   trusted.

   (OpenSSL 1.0.2b and newer only).

3.411. status_chars

   Type: character string
   Default: "-*%A"

   Controls the characters used by the "%r" indicator in $status_format.
   Character Default Description
   1 - Mailbox is unchanged
   2 * Mailbox has been changed and needs to be resynchronized
   3 % Mailbox is read-only, or will not be written when exiting. (You can
   toggle whether to write changes to a mailbox with the <toggle-write>
   operation, bound by default to "%")
   4 A Folder opened in attach-message mode. (Certain operations like
   composing a new mail, replying, forwarding, etc. are not permitted in
   this mode)

3.412. status_format

   Type: string
   Default: "-%r-NeoMutt: %D [Msgs:%<M?%M/>%m%<n? New:%n>%<o? Old:%o>%<d?
   Del:%d>%<F? Flag:%F>%<t? Tag:%t>%<p? Post:%p>%<b? Inc:%b>%<l? %l>]---(%
   <T?%T/>%s/%S)-%>-(%P)---"

   Controls the format of the status line displayed in the "index" menu.
   This string is similar to $index_format, but has its own set of
   printf(3)-like sequences:
   %b * Number of mailboxes with new mail
   %d * Number of deleted messages
   %D Description of the mailbox
   %f The full pathname of the current mailbox
   %F * Number of flagged messages
   %h Local hostname
   %l * Size (in bytes) of the current mailbox (see formatstrings-size)
   %L * Size (in bytes) of the messages shown (i.e., which match the
   current limit) (see formatstrings-size)
   %m * The number of messages in the mailbox
   %M * The number of messages shown (i.e., which match the current limit)
   %n * Number of new messages in the mailbox (unread, unseen)
   %o * Number of old messages in the mailbox (unread, seen)
   %p * Number of postponed messages
   %P Percentage of the way through the index
   %r Modified/read-only/won't-write/attach-message indicator, According
   to $status_chars
   %R * Number of read messages in the mailbox (read, seen)
   %s Current sorting mode ($sort)
   %S Current aux sorting method ($sort_aux)
   %t * Number of tagged messages in the mailbox
   %T * Current threading mode ($use_threads)
   %u * Number of unread messages in the mailbox (seen or unseen)
   %v NeoMutt version string
   %V * Currently active limit pattern, if any
   %>X Right justify the rest of the string and pad with "X"
   %|X Pad to the end of the line with "X"
   %*X Soft-fill with character "X" as pad

   For an explanation of "soft-fill", see the $index_format documentation.

   * = can be optionally printed if nonzero

   Some of the above sequences can be used to optionally print a string if
   their value is nonzero. For example, you may only want to see the
   number of flagged messages if such messages exist, since zero is not
   particularly meaningful. To optionally print a string based upon one of
   the above sequences, the following construct is used:

   %<sequence_char?optional_string>

   where sequence_char is a character from the table above, and
   optional_string is the string you would like printed if sequence_char
   is nonzero. optional_string may contain other sequences as well as
   normal text.

   Here is an example illustrating how to optionally print the number of
   new messages in a mailbox:

   %<n?%n new messages>

   You can also switch between two strings using the following construct:

   %<sequence_char?if_string&else_string>

   If the value of sequence_char is non-zero, if_string will be expanded,
   otherwise else_string will be expanded.

   As another example, here is how to show either $sort and $sort_aux or
   $use_threads and $sort, based on whether threads are enabled with
   $use_threads:

   %<T?%s/%S&%T/%s>

   You can force the result of any printf(3)-like sequence to be lowercase
   by prefixing the sequence character with an underscore ("_") sign. For
   example, if you want to display the local hostname in lowercase, you
   would use: "%_h".

   If you prefix the sequence character with a colon (":") character,
   NeoMutt will replace any dots in the expansion by underscores. This
   might be helpful with IMAP folders that don't like dots in folder
   names.

3.413. status_on_top

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Setting this variable causes the "status bar" to be displayed on the
   first line of the screen rather than near the bottom. If $help is set
   too, it'll be placed at the bottom.

3.414. strict_threads

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, threading will only make use of the "In-Reply-To" and
   "References:" fields when you $sort by message threads. By default,
   messages with the same subject are grouped together in "pseudo
   threads.". This may not always be desirable, such as in a personal
   mailbox where you might have several unrelated messages with the
   subjects like "hi" which will get grouped together. See also $sort_re
   for a less drastic way of controlling this behavior.

3.415. suspend

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When unset, NeoMutt won't stop when the user presses the terminal's
   susp key, usually "^Z". This is useful if you run NeoMutt inside an
   xterm using a command like "xterm -e neomutt".

   On startup NeoMutt tries to detect if it is the process session leader.
   If so, the default of suspend is "no" otherwise "yes". This default
   covers the above mentioned use case of "xterm -e neomutt".

3.416. text_flowed

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will generate "format=flowed" bodies with a content
   type of "text/plain; format=flowed". This format is easier to handle
   for some mailing software, and generally just looks like ordinary text.
   To actually make use of this format's features, you'll need support in
   your editor.

   The option only controls newly composed messages. Postponed messages,
   resent messages, and draft messages (via -H on the command line) will
   use the content-type of the source message.

   Note that $indent_string is ignored when this option is set.

3.417. thorough_search

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Affects the ~b, ~B, and ~h search operations described in section
   "patterns". If set, the headers and body/attachments of messages to be
   searched are decoded before searching. If unset, messages are searched
   as they appear in the folder.

   Users searching attachments or for non-ASCII characters should set this
   value because decoding also includes MIME parsing/decoding and possible
   character set conversions. Otherwise NeoMutt will attempt to match
   against the raw message received (for example quoted-printable encoded
   or with encoded headers) which may lead to incorrect search results.

3.418. thread_received

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If $strict_threads is unset, then messages may also be grouped by
   subject. Unlike threading by "In-Reply-To:" and "References:" header,
   grouping by subject does not imply a parent-child relation between two
   messages.

   To determine the ancestry between messages grouped by subject, NeoMutt
   uses their date: only newer messages can be descendants of older ones.

   When $thread_received is set, NeoMutt uses the date received rather
   than the date sent when comparing messages for the date.

   See also $strict_threads, and $sort_re.

3.419. tilde

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, the internal-pager will pad blank lines to the bottom of the
   screen with a tilde ("~").

3.420. time_inc

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   Along with $read_inc, $write_inc, and $net_inc, this variable controls
   the frequency with which progress updates are displayed. It suppresses
   updates less than $time_inc milliseconds apart. This can improve
   throughput on systems with slow terminals, or when running NeoMutt on a
   remote system.

   Also see the "tuning" section of the manual for performance
   considerations.

3.421. timeout

   Type: number
   Default: 600

   When NeoMutt is waiting for user input either idling in menus or in an
   interactive prompt, NeoMutt would block until input is present.
   Depending on the context, this would prevent certain operations from
   working, like checking for new mail or keeping an IMAP connection
   alive.

   This variable controls how many seconds NeoMutt will at most wait until
   it aborts waiting for input, performs these operations and continues to
   wait for input.

   A value of zero or less will cause NeoMutt to never time out.

3.422. tmp_dir

   Type: path
   Default: "/tmp"

   This variable allows you to specify where NeoMutt will place its
   temporary files needed for displaying and composing messages.

   If this variable is not set, the environment variable $TMPDIR is used.
   Failing that, then "/tmp" is used.

3.423. to_chars

   Type: character string
   Default: " +TCFLR"

   Controls the character used to indicate mail addressed to you.
   Character Default Description
   1 <space> The mail is not addressed to your address.
   2 + You are the only recipient of the message.
   3 T Your address appears in the "To:" header field, but you are not the
   only recipient of the message.
   4 C Your address is specified in the "Cc:" header field, but you are
   not the only recipient.
   5 F Indicates the mail that was sent by you.
   6 L Indicates the mail was sent to a mailing-list you subscribe to.
   7 R Your address appears in the "Reply-To:" header field but none of
   the above applies.

3.424. toggle_quoted_show_levels

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   Quoted text may be filtered out using the <toggle-quoted> command. If
   set to a number greater than 0, then the <toggle-quoted> command will
   only filter out quote levels above this number.

3.425. trash

   Type: mailbox
   Default: (empty)

   If set, this variable specifies the path of the trash folder where the
   mails marked for deletion will be moved, instead of being irremediably
   purged.

   NOTE: When you delete a message in the trash folder, it is really
   deleted, so that you have a way to clean the trash.

3.426. ts_enabled

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Controls whether NeoMutt tries to set the terminal status line and icon
   name. Most terminal emulators emulate the status line in the window
   title.

3.427. ts_icon_format

   Type: string
   Default: "M%<n?AIL&ail>"

   Controls the format of the icon title, as long as "$ts_enabled" is set.
   This string is identical in formatting to the one used by
   "$status_format".

3.428. ts_status_format

   Type: string
   Default: "NeoMutt with %<m?%m messages&no messages>%<n? [%n NEW]>"

   Controls the format of the terminal status line (or window title),
   provided that "$ts_enabled" has been set. This string is identical in
   formatting to the one used by "$status_format".

3.429. tunnel

   Type: command
   Default: (empty)

   Setting this variable will cause NeoMutt to open a pipe to a command
   instead of a raw socket. You may be able to use this to set up
   preauthenticated connections to your IMAP/POP3/SMTP server. Example:
set tunnel="ssh -q mailhost.net /usr/local/libexec/imapd"

   Note: For this example to work you must be able to log in to the remote
   machine without having to enter a password.

   When set, NeoMutt uses the tunnel for all remote connections. Please
   see "account-hook" in the manual for how to use different tunnel
   commands per connection.

3.430. tunnel_is_secure

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will assume the $tunnel connection does not need
   STARTTLS to be enabled. It will also allow IMAP PREAUTH server
   responses inside a tunnel to proceed. This is appropriate if $tunnel
   uses ssh or directly invokes the server locally.

   When unset, NeoMutt will negotiate STARTTLS according to the
   ssl_starttls and ssl_force_tls variables. If ssl_force_tls is set,
   NeoMutt will abort connecting if an IMAP server responds with PREAUTH.
   This setting is appropriate if $tunnel does not provide security and
   could be tampered with by attackers.

3.431. uncollapse_jump

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will jump to the next unread message, if any, when
   the current thread is uncollapsed.

3.432. uncollapse_new

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will automatically uncollapse any collapsed thread
   that receives a newly delivered message. When unset, collapsed threads
   will remain collapsed. The presence of the newly delivered message will
   still affect index sorting, though.

3.433. use_8bit_mime

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Warning: do not set this variable unless you are using a version of
   sendmail which supports the -B8BITMIME flag (such as sendmail 8.8.x) or
   you may not be able to send mail.

   When set, NeoMutt will invoke $sendmail with the -B8BITMIME flag when
   sending 8-bit messages to enable ESMTP negotiation.

3.434. use_domain

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will qualify all local addresses (ones without the
   "@host" portion) with the value of $hostname. If unset, no addresses
   will be qualified.

3.435. use_envelope_from

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will set the envelope sender of the message. If
   $envelope_from_address is set, it will be used as the sender address.
   If unset, NeoMutt will attempt to derive the sender from the "From:"
   header.

   Note that this information is passed to sendmail command using the -f
   command line switch. Therefore setting this option is not useful if the
   $sendmail variable already contains -f or if the executable pointed to
   by $sendmail doesn't support the -f switch.

3.436. use_from

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will generate the "From:" header field when sending
   messages. If unset, no "From:" header field will be generated unless
   the user explicitly sets one using the "my_hdr" command.

3.437. use_ipv6

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will look for IPv6 addresses of hosts it tries to
   contact. If this option is unset, NeoMutt will restrict itself to IPv4
   addresses. Normally, the default should work.

3.438. use_threads

   Type: enumeration
   Default: unset

   The style of threading used in the index. May be one of "flat" (no
   threading), "threads" (threaded, with subthreads below root message) or
   "reverse" (threaded, with subthreads above root message). For
   convenience, the value "yes" is a synonym for "threads", and "no" is a
   synonym for "flat".

   If this variable is never set, then $sort controls whether threading is
   used, $sort_aux controls both the sorting of threads and subthreads,
   and using <sort-mailbox> to select threads affects only $sort. Once
   this variable is set, attempting to set $sort to a value using
   "threads" will warn, the value of $sort controls the sorting between
   threads while $sort_aux controls sorting within a thread, and
   <sort-mailbox> toggles $use_threads.

   Example:
set use_threads=yes

   See the "Use Threads Feature" section for further explanation and
   examples.

3.439. user_agent

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   When set, NeoMutt will add a "User-Agent:" header to outgoing messages,
   indicating which version of NeoMutt was used for composing them.

3.440. wait_key

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Controls whether NeoMutt will ask you to press a key after an external
   command has been invoked by these functions: <shell-escape>,
   <pipe-message>, <pipe-entry>, <print-message>, and <print-entry>
   commands.

   It is also used when viewing attachments with "auto_view", provided
   that the corresponding mailcap entry has a needsterminal flag, and the
   external program is interactive.

   When set, NeoMutt will always ask for a key. When unset, NeoMutt will
   wait for a key only if the external command returned a non-zero status.

3.441. weed

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   When set, NeoMutt will weed headers when displaying, forwarding, or
   replying to messages.

   Also see $copy_decode_weed, $pipe_decode_weed, $print_decode_weed.

3.442. wrap

   Type: number
   Default: 0

   When set to a positive value, NeoMutt will wrap text at $wrap
   characters. When set to a negative value, NeoMutt will wrap text so
   that there are $wrap characters of empty space on the right side of the
   terminal. Setting it to zero makes NeoMutt wrap at the terminal width.

   Also see $reflow_wrap.

3.443. wrap_headers

   Type: number
   Default: 78

   This option specifies the number of characters to use for wrapping an
   outgoing message's headers. Allowed values are between 78 and 998
   inclusive.

   Note: This option usually shouldn't be changed. RFC5233 recommends a
   line length of 78 (the default), so please only change this setting
   when you know what you're doing.

3.444. wrap_search

   Type: boolean
   Default: yes

   Controls whether searches wrap around the end.

   When set, searches will wrap around the first (or last) item. When
   unset, incremental searches will not wrap.

3.445. write_bcc

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   Controls whether NeoMutt writes out the "Bcc:" header when preparing
   messages to be sent. Some MTAs, such as Exim and Courier, do not strip
   the "Bcc:" header; so it is advisable to leave this unset unless you
   have a particular need for the header to be in the sent message.

   If NeoMutt is set to deliver directly via SMTP(see $smtp_url), this
   option does nothing: NeoMutt will never write out the "Bcc:" header in
   this case.

   Note this option only affects the sending of messages. Fcc'ed copies of
   a message will always contain the "Bcc:" header if one exists.

3.446. write_inc

   Type: number
   Default: 10

   When writing a mailbox, a message will be printed every $write_inc
   messages to indicate progress. If set to 0, only a single message will
   be displayed before writing a mailbox.

   Also see the $read_inc, $net_inc and $time_inc variables and the
   "tuning" section of the manual for performance considerations.

3.447. x_comment_to

   Type: boolean
   Default: no

   If set, NeoMutt will add "X-Comment-To:" field (that contains full name
   of original article author) to article that followuped to newsgroup.

4. Functions

   The following is the list of available functions listed by the mapping
   in which they are available. The default key setting is given, and an
   explanation of what the function does. The key bindings of these
   functions can be changed with the bind command.

4.1. Generic Menu

   The generic menu is not a real menu, but specifies common functions
   (such as movement) available in all menus except for pager and editor.
   Changing settings for this menu will affect the default bindings for
   all menus (except as noted).

   Table 9.2. Default Generic Menu Bindings
     Function        Default key                   Description
<bottom-page>       L             move to the bottom of the page
<check-stats>                     calculate message statistics for all mailboxes
<current-bottom>                  move entry to bottom of screen
<current-middle>                  move entry to middle of screen
<current-top>                     move entry to top of screen
<end-cond>                        end of conditional execution (noop)
<enter-command>     :             enter a neomuttrc command
<exit>                            exit this menu
<first-entry>       <Home>        move to the first entry
<first-entry>       =             move to the first entry
<half-down>         ]             scroll down 1/2 page
<half-up>           [             scroll up 1/2 page
<help>              ?             this screen
<jump>                            jump to an index number
<last-entry>        <End>         move to the last entry
<last-entry>        *             move to the last entry
<middle-page>       M             move to the middle of the page
<next-entry>        <Down>        move to the next entry
<next-entry>        j             move to the next entry
<next-line>         >             scroll down one line
<next-page>         <Pagedown>    move to the next page
<next-page>         <Right>       move to the next page
<next-page>         z             move to the next page
<previous-entry>    <Up>          move to the previous entry
<previous-entry>    k             move to the previous entry
<previous-line>     <             scroll up one line
<previous-page>     <Left>        move to the previous page
<previous-page>     <Pageup>      move to the previous page
<previous-page>     Z             move to the previous page
<redraw-screen>     ^L            clear and redraw the screen
<search>            /             search for a regular expression
<search-next>       n             search for next match
<search-opposite>                 search for next match in opposite direction
<search-reverse>    Esc /         search backwards for a regular expression
<select-entry>      <Enter>       select the current entry
<select-entry>      <Keypadenter> select the current entry
<select-entry>      <Return>      select the current entry
<shell-escape>      !             invoke a command in a subshell
<show-log-messages>               show log (and debug) messages
<show-version>      V             show the NeoMutt version number and date
<tag-entry>         t             tag the current entry
<tag-prefix>        ;             apply next function to tagged messages
<tag-prefix-cond>                 apply next function ONLY to tagged messages
<top-page>          H             move to the top of the page
<what-key>                        display the keycode for a key press

4.2. Index Menu

   Table 9.3. Default Index Menu Bindings
   Function Default key Description
   <alias-dialog>   open the aliases dialog
   <bounce-message> b remail a message to another user
   <break-thread> # break the thread in two
   <catchup>   mark all articles in newsgroup as read
   <change-folder> c open a different folder
   <change-folder-readonly> Esc c open a different folder in read only
   mode
   <change-newsgroup> i open a different newsgroup
   <change-newsgroup-readonly> Esc i open a different newsgroup in read
   only mode
   <check-traditional-pgp> Esc P check for classic PGP
   <clear-flag> W clear a status flag from a message
   <collapse-all> Esc V collapse/uncollapse all threads
   <collapse-thread> Esc v collapse/uncollapse current thread
   <compose-to-sender>   compose new message to the current message sender
   <copy-message> C copy a message to a file/mailbox
   <create-alias> a create an alias from a message sender
   <decode-copy> Esc C make decoded (text/plain) copy
   <decode-save> Esc s make decoded copy (text/plain) and delete
   <decrypt-copy>   make decrypted copy
   <decrypt-save>   make decrypted copy and delete
   <delete-message> d delete the current entry
   <delete-pattern> D delete non-hidden messages matching a pattern
   <delete-subthread> Esc d delete all messages in subthread
   <delete-thread> ^D delete all messages in thread
   <display-address> @ display full address of sender
   <display-message> <Enter> display a message
   <display-message> <Keypadenter> display a message
   <display-message> <Return> display a message
   <display-message> <Space> display a message
   <display-toggle-weed> h display message and toggle header weeding
   <edit>   edit the raw message (edit and edit-raw-message are synonyms)
   <edit-label> Y add, change, or delete a message's label
   <edit-or-view-raw-message> e edit the raw message if the mailbox is not
   read-only, otherwise view it
   <edit-raw-message>   edit the raw message (edit and edit-raw-message
   are synonyms)
   <edit-type> ^E edit attachment content type
   <exit> x exit this menu
   <extract-keys> ^K extract supported public keys
   <fetch-mail> G retrieve mail from POP server
   <flag-message> F toggle a message's 'important' flag
   <followup-message>   followup to newsgroup
   <forget-passphrase> ^F wipe passphrases from memory
   <forward-message> f forward a message with comments
   <forward-to-group>   forward to newsgroup
   <get-children>   get all children of the current message
   <get-message>   get message with Message-Id
   <get-parent>   get parent of the current message
   <group-chat-reply>   reply to all recipients preserving To/Cc
   <group-reply> g reply to all recipients
   <imap-fetch-mail>   force retrieval of mail from IMAP server
   <imap-logout-all>   logout from all IMAP servers
   <limit> l show only messages matching a pattern
   <limit-current-thread>   limit view to current thread
   <link-threads> & link tagged message to the current one
   <list-reply> L reply to specified mailing list
   <list-subscribe>   subscribe to a mailing list
   <list-unsubscribe>   unsubscribe from a mailing list
   <mail> m compose a new mail message
   <mail-key> Esc k mail a PGP public key
   <mailbox-list> . list mailboxes with new mail
   <mark-message> ~ create a hotkey macro for the current message
   <modify-labels>   modify (notmuch/imap) tags
   <modify-labels-then-hide>   modify (notmuch/imap) tags and then hide
   message
   <modify-tags>   modify (notmuch/imap) tags
   <modify-tags-then-hide>   modify (notmuch/imap) tags and then hide
   message
   <next-entry> J move to the next entry
   <next-new>   jump to the next new message
   <next-new-then-unread> <Tab> jump to the next new or unread message
   <next-subthread> Esc n jump to the next subthread
   <next-thread> ^N jump to the next thread
   <next-undeleted> <Down> move to the next undeleted message
   <next-undeleted> j move to the next undeleted message
   <next-unread>   jump to the next unread message
   <next-unread-mailbox>   open next mailbox with new mail
   <parent-message> P jump to parent message in thread
   <pipe-entry> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command
   <pipe-message> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command
   <post-message>   post message to newsgroup
   <previous-entry> K move to the previous entry
   <previous-new>   jump to the previous new message
   <previous-new-then-unread> Esc <Tab> jump to the previous new or unread
   message
   <previous-subthread> Esc p jump to previous subthread
   <previous-thread> ^P jump to previous thread
   <previous-undeleted> <Up> move to the previous undeleted message
   <previous-undeleted> k move to the previous undeleted message
   <previous-unread>   jump to the previous unread message
   <print-message> p print the current entry
   <purge-message>   delete the current entry, bypassing the trash folder
   <purge-thread>   delete the current thread, bypassing the trash folder
   <quasi-delete>   delete from NeoMutt, don't touch on disk
   <query> Q query external program for addresses
   <quit> q save changes to mailbox and quit
   <read-subthread> Esc r mark the current subthread as read
   <read-thread> ^R mark the current thread as read
   <recall-message> R recall a postponed message
   <reconstruct-thread>   reconstruct thread containing current message
   <reply> r reply to a message
   <resend-message> Esc e use the current message as a template for a new
   one
   <root-message>   jump to root message in thread
   <save-message> s save message/attachment to a mailbox/file
   <set-flag> w set a status flag on a message
   <show-limit> Esc l show currently active limit pattern
   <show-log-messages> M show log (and debug) messages
   <sidebar-first>   move the highlight to the first mailbox
   <sidebar-last>   move the highlight to the last mailbox
   <sidebar-next>   move the highlight to next mailbox
   <sidebar-next-new>   move the highlight to next mailbox with new mail
   <sidebar-open>   open highlighted mailbox
   <sidebar-page-down>   scroll the sidebar down 1 page
   <sidebar-page-up>   scroll the sidebar up 1 page
   <sidebar-prev>   move the highlight to previous mailbox
   <sidebar-prev-new>   move the highlight to previous mailbox with new
   mail
   <sidebar-toggle-virtual>   toggle between mailboxes and virtual
   mailboxes
   <sidebar-toggle-visible>   make the sidebar (in)visible
   <sort-mailbox> o sort messages
   <sort-reverse> O sort messages in reverse order
   <sync-mailbox> $ save changes to mailbox
   <tag-pattern> T tag non-hidden messages matching a pattern
   <tag-subthread>   tag the current subthread
   <tag-thread> Esc t tag the current thread
   <toggle-new> N toggle a message's 'new' flag
   <toggle-read>   toggle view of read messages
   <toggle-write> % toggle whether the mailbox will be rewritten
   <undelete-message> u undelete the current entry
   <undelete-pattern> U undelete non-hidden messages matching a pattern
   <undelete-subthread> Esc u undelete all messages in subthread
   <undelete-thread> ^U undelete all messages in thread
   <untag-pattern> ^T untag non-hidden messages matching a pattern
   <view-attachments> v show MIME attachments
   <view-raw-message>   show the raw message

4.3. Pager Menu

   Table 9.4. Default Pager Menu Bindings
   Function Default key Description
   <bottom> <End> jump to the bottom of the message
   <bounce-message> b remail a message to another user
   <break-thread> # break the thread in two
   <change-folder> c open a different folder
   <change-folder-readonly> Esc c open a different folder in read only
   mode
   <change-newsgroup>   open a different newsgroup
   <change-newsgroup-readonly>   open a different newsgroup in read only
   mode
   <check-stats>   calculate message statistics for all mailboxes
   <check-traditional-pgp> Esc P check for classic PGP
   <clear-flag> W clear a status flag from a message
   <compose-to-sender>   compose new message to the current message sender
   <copy-message> C copy a message to a file/mailbox
   <create-alias> a create an alias from a message sender
   <decode-copy> Esc C make decoded (text/plain) copy
   <decode-save> Esc s make decoded copy (text/plain) and delete
   <decrypt-copy>   make decrypted copy
   <decrypt-save>   make decrypted copy and delete
   <delete-message> d delete the current entry
   <delete-subthread> Esc d delete all messages in subthread
   <delete-thread> ^D delete all messages in thread
   <display-address> @ display full address of sender
   <display-toggle-weed> h display message and toggle header weeding
   <edit>   edit the raw message (edit and edit-raw-message are synonyms)
   <edit-label> Y add, change, or delete a message's label
   <edit-or-view-raw-message> e edit the raw message if the mailbox is not
   read-only, otherwise view it
   <edit-raw-message>   edit the raw message (edit and edit-raw-message
   are synonyms)
   <edit-type> ^E edit attachment content type
   <enter-command> : enter a neomuttrc command
   <exit> i exit this menu
   <exit> q exit this menu
   <exit> x exit this menu
   <extract-keys> ^K extract supported public keys
   <flag-message> F toggle a message's 'important' flag
   <followup-message>   followup to newsgroup
   <forget-passphrase> ^F wipe passphrases from memory
   <forward-message> f forward a message with comments
   <forward-to-group>   forward to newsgroup
   <group-chat-reply>   reply to all recipients preserving To/Cc
   <group-reply> g reply to all recipients
   <half-down>   scroll down 1/2 page
   <half-up>   scroll up 1/2 page
   <help> ? this screen
   <imap-fetch-mail>   force retrieval of mail from IMAP server
   <imap-logout-all>   logout from all IMAP servers
   <jump>   jump to an index number
   <link-threads> & link tagged message to the current one
   <list-reply> L reply to specified mailing list
   <list-subscribe>   subscribe to a mailing list
   <list-unsubscribe>   unsubscribe from a mailing list
   <mail> m compose a new mail message
   <mail-key> Esc k mail a PGP public key
   <mailbox-list> . list mailboxes with new mail
   <mark-as-new> N toggle a message's 'new' flag
   <modify-labels>   modify (notmuch/imap) tags
   <modify-labels-then-hide>   modify (notmuch/imap) tags and then hide
   message
   <modify-tags>   modify (notmuch/imap) tags
   <modify-tags-then-hide>   modify (notmuch/imap) tags and then hide
   message
   <next-entry> J move to the next entry
   <next-line> <Enter> scroll down one line
   <next-line> <Keypadenter> scroll down one line
   <next-line> <Return> scroll down one line
   <next-new>   jump to the next new message
   <next-new-then-unread> <Tab> jump to the next new or unread message
   <next-page> <Pagedown> move to the next page
   <next-page> <Space> move to the next page
   <next-subthread> Esc n jump to the next subthread
   <next-thread> ^N jump to the next thread
   <next-undeleted> <Down> move to the next undeleted message
   <next-undeleted> <Right> move to the next undeleted message
   <next-undeleted> j move to the next undeleted message
   <next-unread>   jump to the next unread message
   <next-unread-mailbox>   open next mailbox with new mail
   <parent-message> P jump to parent message in thread
   <pipe-entry> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command
   <pipe-message> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command
   <post-message>   post message to newsgroup
   <previous-entry> K move to the previous entry
   <previous-line> <Backspace> scroll up one line
   <previous-new>   jump to the previous new message
   <previous-new-then-unread>   jump to the previous new or unread message
   <previous-page> <Pageup> move to the previous page
   <previous-page> - move to the previous page
   <previous-subthread> Esc p jump to previous subthread
   <previous-thread> ^P jump to previous thread
   <previous-undeleted> <Left> move to the previous undeleted message
   <previous-undeleted> <Up> move to the previous undeleted message
   <previous-undeleted> k move to the previous undeleted message
   <previous-unread>   jump to the previous unread message
   <print-entry>   print the current entry
   <print-message> p print the current entry
   <purge-message>   delete the current entry, bypassing the trash folder
   <purge-thread>   delete the current thread, bypassing the trash folder
   <quasi-delete>   delete from NeoMutt, don't touch on disk
   <quit> Q save changes to mailbox and quit
   <read-subthread> Esc r mark the current subthread as read
   <read-thread> ^R mark the current thread as read
   <recall-message> R recall a postponed message
   <reconstruct-thread>   reconstruct thread containing current message
   <redraw-screen> ^L clear and redraw the screen
   <reply> r reply to a message
   <resend-message> Esc e use the current message as a template for a new
   one
   <root-message>   jump to root message in thread
   <save-entry>   save message/attachment to a mailbox/file
   <save-message> s save message/attachment to a mailbox/file
   <search> / search for a regular expression
   <search-next> n search for next match
   <search-opposite>   search for next match in opposite direction
   <search-reverse> Esc / search backwards for a regular expression
   <search-toggle> \\ toggle search pattern coloring
   <set-flag> w set a status flag on a message
   <shell-escape> ! invoke a command in a subshell
   <show-log-messages>   show log (and debug) messages
   <show-version> V show the NeoMutt version number and date
   <sidebar-first>   move the highlight to the first mailbox
   <sidebar-last>   move the highlight to the last mailbox
   <sidebar-next>   move the highlight to next mailbox
   <sidebar-next-new>   move the highlight to next mailbox with new mail
   <sidebar-open>   open highlighted mailbox
   <sidebar-page-down>   scroll the sidebar down 1 page
   <sidebar-page-up>   scroll the sidebar up 1 page
   <sidebar-prev>   move the highlight to previous mailbox
   <sidebar-prev-new>   move the highlight to previous mailbox with new
   mail
   <sidebar-toggle-virtual>   toggle between mailboxes and virtual
   mailboxes
   <sidebar-toggle-visible>   make the sidebar (in)visible
   <skip-headers> H jump to first line after headers
   <skip-quoted> S skip beyond quoted text
   <sort-mailbox> o sort messages
   <sort-reverse> O sort messages in reverse order
   <sync-mailbox> $ save changes to mailbox
   <tag-message> t tag the current entry
   <toggle-quoted> T toggle display of quoted text
   <toggle-write> % toggle whether the mailbox will be rewritten
   <top> <Home> jump to the top of the message
   <top> ^ jump to the top of the message
   <undelete-message> u undelete the current entry
   <undelete-subthread> Esc u undelete all messages in subthread
   <undelete-thread> ^U undelete all messages in thread
   <view-attachments> v show MIME attachments
   <view-raw-message>   show the raw message
   <what-key>   display the keycode for a key press

4.4. Alias Menu

   Table 9.5. Default Alias Menu Bindings
         Function       Default key                 Description
   <delete-entry>       d           delete the current entry
   <exit>               q           exit this menu
   <limit>              l           show only messages matching a pattern
   <mail>               m           compose a new mail message
   <sort-alias>         o           sort messages
   <sort-alias-reverse> O           sort messages in reverse order
   <tag-entry>          <Space>     tag the current entry
   <tag-pattern>        T           tag non-hidden messages matching a pattern
   <undelete-entry>     u           undelete the current entry
   <untag-pattern>      ^T          untag non-hidden messages matching a pattern

4.5. Query Menu

   Table 9.6. Default Query Menu Bindings
      Function     Default key                 Description
   <create-alias>  a           create an alias from a message sender
   <exit>          q           exit this menu
   <limit>         l           show only messages matching a pattern
   <mail>          m           compose a new mail message
   <query>         Q           query external program for addresses
   <query-append>  A           append new query results to current results
   <sort>          o           sort messages
   <sort-reverse>  O           sort messages in reverse order
   <tag-entry>     <Space>     tag the current entry
   <tag-pattern>   T           tag non-hidden messages matching a pattern
   <untag-pattern> ^T          untag non-hidden messages matching a pattern

4.6. Attachment Menu

   Table 9.7. Default Attachment Menu Bindings
   Function Default key Description
   <bounce-message> b remail a message to another user
   <check-traditional-pgp> Esc P check for classic PGP
   <collapse-parts> v toggle display of subparts
   <compose-to-sender>   compose new message to the current message sender
   <delete-entry> d delete the current entry
   <display-toggle-weed> h display message and toggle header weeding
   <edit-type> ^E edit attachment content type
   <exit> q exit this menu
   <extract-keys> ^K extract supported public keys
   <followup-message>   followup to newsgroup
   <forget-passphrase> ^F wipe passphrases from memory
   <forward-message> f forward a message with comments
   <forward-to-group>   forward to newsgroup
   <group-chat-reply>   reply to all recipients preserving To/Cc
   <group-reply> g reply to all recipients
   <list-reply> L reply to specified mailing list
   <list-subscribe>   subscribe to a mailing list
   <list-unsubscribe>   unsubscribe from a mailing list
   <pipe-entry> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command
   <pipe-message> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command
   <print-entry> p print the current entry
   <reply> r reply to a message
   <resend-message> Esc e use the current message as a template for a new
   one
   <save-entry> s save message/attachment to a mailbox/file
   <undelete-entry> u undelete the current entry
   <view-attach> <Enter> view attachment using mailcap entry if necessary
   <view-attach> <Keypadenter> view attachment using mailcap entry if
   necessary
   <view-attach> <Return> view attachment using mailcap entry if necessary
   <view-mailcap> m force viewing of attachment using mailcap
   <view-pager>   view attachment in pager using copiousoutput mailcap
   <view-text> T view attachment as text

4.7. Compose Menu

   Table 9.8. Default Compose Menu Bindings
   Function Default key Description
   <attach-file> a attach files to this message
   <attach-key> Esc k attach a PGP public key
   <attach-message> A attach messages to this message
   <attach-news-message>   attach news articles to this message
   <copy-file> C save message/attachment to a mailbox/file
   <detach-file> D delete the current entry
   <display-toggle-weed> h display message and toggle header weeding
   <edit-bcc> b edit the BCC list
   <edit-cc> c edit the CC list
   <edit-content-id> Esc i edit the 'Content-ID' of the attachment
   <edit-description> d edit attachment description
   <edit-encoding> ^E edit attachment transfer-encoding
   <edit-fcc> f enter a file to save a copy of this message in
   <edit-file> Esc e edit the file to be attached
   <edit-followup-to>   edit the Followup-To field
   <edit-from> Esc f edit the from field
   <edit-headers> E edit the message with headers
   <edit-language> ^L edit the 'Content-Language' of the attachment
   <edit-message> e edit the message
   <edit-mime> m edit attachment using mailcap entry
   <edit-newsgroups>   edit the newsgroups list
   <edit-reply-to> r edit the Reply-To field
   <edit-subject> s edit the subject of this message
   <edit-to> t edit the TO list
   <edit-type> ^T edit attachment content type
   <edit-x-comment-to>   edit the X-Comment-To field
   <exit> q exit this menu
   <filter-entry> F filter attachment through a shell command
   <forget-passphrase> ^F wipe passphrases from memory
   <get-attachment> G get a temporary copy of an attachment
   <group-alternatives> & group tagged attachments as
   'multipart/alternative'
   <group-multilingual> ^ group tagged attachments as
   'multipart/multilingual'
   <group-related> % group tagged attachments as 'multipart/related'
   <ispell> i run ispell on the message
   <move-down> + move an attachment down in the attachment list
   <move-up> - move an attachment up in the attachment list
   <new-mime> n compose new attachment using mailcap entry
   <pgp-menu> p show PGP options
   <pipe-entry> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command
   <pipe-message> | pipe message/attachment to a shell command
   <postpone-message> P save this message to send later
   <preview-page-down> <Pagedown> show the next page of the message
   <preview-page-up> <Pageup> show the previous page of the message
   <print-entry> l print the current entry
   <rename-attachment> ^O send attachment with a different name
   <rename-file> R rename/move an attached file
   <send-message> y send the message
   <smime-menu> S show S/MIME options
   <tag-entry> T tag the current entry
   <toggle-disposition> ^D toggle disposition between inline/attachment
   <toggle-recode>   toggle recoding of this attachment
   <toggle-unlink> u toggle whether to delete file after sending it
   <ungroup-attachment> # ungroup 'multipart' attachment
   <update-encoding> U update an attachment's encoding info
   <view-attach> <Enter> view attachment using mailcap entry if necessary
   <view-attach> <Keypadenter> view attachment using mailcap entry if
   necessary
   <view-attach> <Return> view attachment using mailcap entry if necessary
   <view-mailcap>   force viewing of attachment using mailcap
   <view-pager>   view attachment in pager using copiousoutput mailcap
   <view-text>   view attachment as text
   <write-fcc> w write the message to a folder

4.8. Postpone Menu

   Table 9.9. Default Postpone Menu Bindings
       Function     Default key        Description
   <delete-entry>   d           delete the current entry
   <exit>           q           exit this menu
   <undelete-entry> u           undelete the current entry

4.9. Browser Menu

   Table 9.10. Default Browser Menu Bindings
   Function Default key Description
   <catchup>   mark all articles in newsgroup as read
   <change-dir> c change directories
   <check-new>   check mailboxes for new mail
   <create-mailbox> C create a new mailbox (IMAP only)
   <delete-mailbox> d delete the current mailbox (IMAP only)
   <descend-directory>   descend into a directory
   <display-filename> @ display the currently selected file's name
   <enter-mask> m enter a file mask
   <exit> q exit this menu
   <goto-folder> = swap the current folder position with $folder if it
   exists
   <goto-parent> p go to parent directory
   <mailbox-list> . list mailboxes with new mail
   <reload-active>   load list of all newsgroups from NNTP server
   <rename-mailbox> r rename the current mailbox (IMAP only)
   <select-new> N select a new file in this directory
   <sort> o sort messages
   <sort-reverse> O sort messages in reverse order
   <subscribe> s subscribe to current mbox (IMAP/NNTP only)
   <subscribe-pattern>   subscribe to newsgroups matching a pattern
   <toggle-mailboxes> <Tab> toggle whether to browse mailboxes or all
   files
   <toggle-subscribed> T toggle view all/subscribed mailboxes (IMAP only)
   <uncatchup>   mark all articles in newsgroup as unread
   <unsubscribe> u unsubscribe from current mbox (IMAP/NNTP only)
   <unsubscribe-pattern>   unsubscribe from newsgroups matching a pattern
   <view-file> <Space> view file

4.10. Pgp Menu

   Table 9.11. Default Pgp Menu Bindings
     Function   Default key      Description
   <exit>       q           exit this menu
   <verify-key> c           verify a public key
   <view-name>  %           view the key's user id

4.11. Smime Menu

   Table 9.12. Default Smime Menu Bindings
   Function Default key  Description
   <exit>   q           exit this menu

4.12. Editor Menu

   Table 9.13. Default Editor Menu Bindings
   Function Default key Description
   <backspace> <Backspace> delete the char in front of the cursor
   <backspace> <Delete> delete the char in front of the cursor
   <backward-char> <Left> move the cursor one character to the left
   <backward-char> ^B move the cursor one character to the left
   <backward-word> Esc b move the cursor to the beginning of the word
   <bol> <Home> jump to the beginning of the line
   <bol> ^A jump to the beginning of the line
   <capitalize-word> Esc c capitalize the word
   <complete> <Tab> complete filename or alias
   <complete-query> ^T complete address with query
   <delete-char> <Delete> delete the char under the cursor
   <delete-char> ^D delete the char under the cursor
   <downcase-word> Esc l convert the word to lower case
   <eol> <End> jump to the end of the line
   <eol> ^E jump to the end of the line
   <forward-char> <Right> move the cursor one character to the right
   <forward-char> ^F move the cursor one character to the right
   <forward-word> Esc f move the cursor to the end of the word
   <help> Esc ? this screen
   <history-down> <Down> scroll down through the history list
   <history-down> ^N scroll down through the history list
   <history-search> ^R search through the history list
   <history-up> <Up> scroll up through the history list
   <history-up> ^P scroll up through the history list
   <kill-eol> ^K delete chars from cursor to end of line
   <kill-eow> Esc d delete chars from the cursor to the end of the word
   <kill-line> ^U delete chars from cursor to beginning the line
   <kill-whole-line>   delete all chars on the line
   <kill-word> ^W delete the word in front of the cursor
   <mailbox-cycle> <Space> cycle among incoming mailboxes
   <quote-char> ^V quote the next typed key
   <redraw-screen> ^L clear and redraw the screen
   <transpose-chars>   transpose character under cursor with previous
   <upcase-word> Esc u convert the word to upper case

Chapter 10. Miscellany

   Table of Contents

   1. Acknowledgements
   2. About This Document

1. Acknowledgements

   The following people have been very helpful to the development of Mutt:

   Kari Hurtta, Vikas Agnihotri, Francois Berjon, Aric Blumer, John Capo,
   David Champion, Brendan Cully, Liviu Daia, Thomas E. Dickey, David
   DeSimone, Nickolay N. Dudorov, Ruslan Ermilov, Edmund Grimley Evans,
   Michael Finken, Sven Guckes, Lars Hecking, Mark Holloman, Andreas
   Holzmann, Marco d'Itri, Bjoern Jacke, Byrial Jensen, David Jeske,
   Christophe Kalt, Tommi Komulainen, Felix von Leitner (a.k.a "Fefe"),
   Brandon Long, Jimmy Maekelae, Lars Marowsky-Bree, Kevin J. McCarthy,
   Thomas "Mike" Michlmayr, Andrew W. Nosenko, David O'Brien, Clint Olsen,
   Park Myeong Seok, Thomas Parmelan, Ollivier Robert, Thomas Roessler,
   Roland Rosenfeld, Rocco Rutte, TAKIZAWA Takashi, Allain Thivillon, Gero
   Treuner, Vsevolod Volkov, Ken Weinert

2. About This Document

   This document was written in DocBook, and then rendered using the Gnome
   XSLT toolkit.
